presentación examen upla
TRANSCRIPT
Presentation topics
a) The distribution of sounds in
the phonology of English
b) Stress in Complex Words
c) English Weak Forms
The distribution of sounds in the phonology of English
a) Contrastive distribution
d) Complementary distribution
g) Defective distribution
Contrastive distributionContrastive = difference in meaning
E.g. / ʌ / vs. / æ /
/ kæt / vs. / kʌt /
-Notion of minimal pair test
-Exceptions: Free variation.
Better [ ˈbetə ] (RP)[ ˈbeɾɚ ] (GAm)[ ˈbeʔə ] ( Cockney)[ ˈbeɾæ ] (Caribbean)
Complementary distribution-Allophones
Mutually exclusive
E.g. German
Ich laut-ach laut
euch vs. auch/ ɔʏç / / aʊx/
Defective distribution
Distributional problems
/ h /
- Not present in final position
- It is said that is a voiceless vowel. Prevocalic and intervocalic position
- Elided in weak forms e.g. I saw her.
/ ŋ /
- Not present in initial position
- Only present with short vowels
- In medial position can have two possible pronunciations
Either with / ŋg / and / ŋ/ (morphological structure)
Hunger vs. hanger
Stress in complex words Affix words vs. compound words
Compound words : made from two or more independent words, e.g. ice-cream and bad-tempered.
Affix words : words made adding an affix to the stem
Affix words
Suffixes (after the stem) vs. Prefixes (before the stem)
SuffixesEffects on word stress a) No changeb) Shiftc) Carry the primary stress
a) No change
-hood : mother motherhood-ful : use useful-ing : walk walking-en : sweet sweeten -ness : dark darkness-less : harm harmless-ish : Kent Kentish
b) Shift
(a)-tion : pronounce pronunciation(i)-ty: sincere sincerity -ic : period periodic-ual: context contextual-ian: music musician
c) Carry the primary stress
-ette : major majorette -ese : journal journalese-phobia: homo homophobia-ee : examine examinee-(a)holic: shop shopaholic-esque: Chaplin Chaplinesque
English weak formsSyllable timed vs. Stress timed
Spanish vs. English
-----------------------------------------------------------------------Function words vs. Content words
Auxiliary verbs Main verbsPrepositions adjectivesConjunctions nounsPronouns adverbs
English sentence
Weakening process
-I just lost my wallet.
-We wanted to say ‘hullo’.
-Would you fancy a cuppa, my dear?
[ ˈƟæŋk jə ˈveɹ̨ɩ ˈmʌʧ ]