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2

Ultra-low chargeammonia refrigeration

14th October 2020

Javier Cano, INTARCON

JJJJ-MM-TT_hh-mmUhr_Dokumentenname_Kürzel des Erstellers.Dateierweiterung

3

Contents


Refrigerant charge systems

Low charge technologies

Safety issues

Performance

Life cycle cost comparison

New Ammolite range

Virtual visit

4

Refrigerant charge evolution


0

1

2

3

4

5

Floodedsystems

CentralisedDX racks

Compact DXplants

Compact DXminiplants

DistributedDX units

Monoblocunits

Critical loadR134achillers

Critical loadR152achillers

R290 chillers R717 chillers

Spec

ific

refr

iger

ant

load

kg/

kW

2016

2018

2020

2014

5

The natural way


Waterloopcondensing units

1 10 100 1000

HFC

CO2

NH3

R290

kW

Monoblockunits

chillers

Ammolite

CO2 units CO2 plants

Commercialchillers

R290

CO2

NH3

CO2 plantscommercial

SystemsCompact DX

systems

HFC

6

Low-charge tecnologies


VSD Semihermetic screw compressor

Microchannel condenser

EC fans

Inbuilt electricalcabinet

Stainless Steel oil cooler with EC fans

Fully welded stainless Steel DX plate heat exchanger

R717 critical charge

7

Low charge ammonia circuit


1

10

100

200 600 1000 1400 1800 2200

P (bar)

H (kJ/kg)

Refrigerant System Load limit

A2L: R454C (GWP=148)

A2L: R1234yf

commercial refrigeration DX plant ≤ 56kg

Industrial refrigeration DX plant < 1pers per 10m2 No limit

Process chiller No limit

A3: R290

Compact units ≤ 500gr

DX Split systems ≤ 1.5 kg

Commercial chillers (public access, category A) < 5 kg

Process chillers (restricted access, category C) No limit

AC chillers ≤ 70kg total

B2L: R717 (ammonia)

Process rooms in industry ≤ 25 kg

Process chillers (commercial or industrial) No limit

AC chillers ≤ 70kg total

Indirect refrigeration systems are safer

Safe systems

R404A R134a R1234yf R152a R290 R717

Chemical formula HFCs H2F4C2 H2F4C3 H4F2C2 H8C3 (natural) NH3

Molar mass 97.6 gr/mol 102 gr/mol 114 gr/mol 66 gr/mol 44 gr/mol 17 gr/mol

Boiling temperature -46.2/-45.5°C -26.1 °C -29,5°C -24.0 °C -42°C -33.3 °C

Critical temperature 72 °C 101.1 °C 94.7°C 113.3 °C 96.7°C 132.4 °C

Latent heat (-10°C) 166 kJ/kg 199 kJ/kg 163 kJ/kg 307 kJ/kg 375 kJ/kg

Saturated liquid density (-10ºC) 1187 kg/m3 1327 kg/m3 1207 kg/m3 860 kg/m3 542 kg/m3 652 kg/m3

Vol. cooling capacity (-10°C) 2022 kJ/m3 1293 kJ/m3 1186 kJ/m3 1283 kJ/m3 1846 kJ/m3 2475 kJ/m3

Ideal COP (-10/+45°C) 3.0 3.5 3.2 3.7 3.6 * 3.8

GWP 3922 1430 4 124 3 0

Safety class A1 A1 A2L A2 A3 B2L

Flamability. LFL / UFL 6% / 12% 4% / 17% 2% / 10% 15% / 28%

Combustion heat 428 kJ/mol 1220 kJ/mol 1090 kJ/mol 2200 kJ/mol 382 kJ/mol

Autoignition temperature 770°C 405°C 454°C 470°C 651 °C

Practical limit 480 gr/m3 250 gr/m3 61 gr/m3 27 gr/m3 8 gr/m3 0.035 gr/m3

Comparison of thermophysical properties of refrigerants

9

Higher performance


comparison of SEPR of medium temperature process chillers according to Ecodesign regulation

10

Higher performance


R134a R1234yf R152a R290 R717

Typical SEPR coefficient 3.8 3.2 4.2 4.2 4.5

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

-19 -14 -9 -4 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36

N. hours/yr

Ambient temperature °C)

histogram partial demand

Comparison between different refrigeration systems.

11

Life cycle cost


0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

Chiller HFO Chiller R290 Ammolite Pumpedammonia,

evaporativecondenser

Ammonia chiller,evaporativecondenser

Water-cooledammonia chiller,

closed tower

Eu

ros

pe

r k

W o

f co

oli

ng

ca

pa

city

alo

ng

30

ye

ars

Life cycle cost for refrigeration systems

Water consumption and waste

Energy consumption

Mainetance & insurances

Technical room

Cooling circuit

Air coolers

Cooling tower / condenser

Refrigeration plant

250 kW MT

150 kW BT

1x

700 kW MT

500 kW BT

< 50 kg NH3

2x

5000

6480

7960

10920

2200

2315

Ammolite chillers

Capacity range

250 kW MT

150 kW BT

1x

700 kW MT

500 kW BT

< 50 kg NH3

2x

5000

6480

7960

10920

2200

2315

Ammolite chillers

40 ft container

Capacity range

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

-35 -25 -15 -5 5

T. ext ºC

Glycol outlet temp. ºC

3600rpm

3300rpm

3000rpm47⁰C

-30⁰C +0⁰C

Ammolite chillers

Temperature range

Secured access

Multiple devices

Facility layout

P&A

Real time

IOT - Cloud monitoring

Ammolite Virtual Visit

16JJJJ-MM-TT_hh-mmUhr_Dokumentenname_Kürzel des Erstellers.Dateierweiterung

https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=tY1vMdDWBvS

Ammolite – Low charge ammonia chillers

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Conclusions


Enviromental friendly

Zero carbon footprint

Safety and reliability

No risk for humans or enviroment

Optimal life cycle cost

Real time control

Cloud based monitoring

Quick and easy installation

Plug & Play

R717

Thank you for your attention.

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