Present Tense and Present Tense and Imperatives of VerbsImperatives of Verbs

Present TensePresent Tense

Present tense shows action is Present tense shows action is occurring right nowoccurring right now

It can have three possible It can have three possible translations:translations:– Progressive = “I Progressive = “I amam walk walkinging””– Simple = “I walk”Simple = “I walk”– Emphatic = “I Emphatic = “I dodo walk” walk”

There are 6 forms of present tense There are 6 forms of present tense verbs (2 numbers X 3 persons = 6; verbs (2 numbers X 3 persons = 6; not including the dual number)not including the dual number)

Forms of the Present TenseForms of the Present Tense

We will work with the We will work with the w-w-conjugation, conjugation, active voice, present tenseactive voice, present tense

Take the infinitive Take the infinitive paideÚpaideÚein ein and and remove the –remove the –einein

That leaves you with That leaves you with paideÚpaideÚ, , the the STEMSTEM

Add endings to the stem to change Add endings to the stem to change the person and number of the verbthe person and number of the verb

Present Tense - ConjugatedPresent Tense - Conjugated

SingularSingular PluralPlural

11stst Person Person paideÚpaideÚwwI teachI teach

paideÚpaideÚomenomenWe teachWe teach

22ndnd PersonPerson

paideÚpaideÚeijeijYou teachYou teach

paideÚpaideÚeteeteYou teachYou teach

33rdrd Person Person paideÚpaideÚeieiShe teachesShe teaches

paideÚpaideÚousi(nousi(n))They teachThey teach

Present Tense EndingsPresent Tense Endings

SingularSingular PluralPlural

11stst Person Person ww omenomen

22ndnd PersonPerson

eijeij eteete

33rdrd Person Person eiei ousi(n)*ousi(n)*

*The nn at the end of the 3rd person plural is called nn-movable; it is added when the word that follows begins with a vowel OR if the 3rd person plural is the last word in the sentence.

Present Active ImperativePresent Active Imperative

FormForm TranslationTranslation EndinEndingg

SingularSingular

22ndnd PersonPerson

paideÚepaideÚe Teach!Teach! ee

33rdrd PersonPerson

paideuštpaideuštww

Let him Let him teach!teach!

etwetw

PluralPlural22ndnd PersonPerson

paideÚetpaideÚetee

Teach!Teach! eteete

33rdrd PersonPerson

paideuÒnpaideuÒntwntwn

Let them Let them teach!teach!

ontwontwnn

NegationNegation To tell someone NOT to do To tell someone NOT to do

something with the Imperative, use something with the Imperative, use m»m»

To make a present tense, active To make a present tense, active voice verb into a negative, use voice verb into a negative, use oÙoÙ

oÙoÙ is is procliticproclitic – it leans ahead to the – it leans ahead to the next word for its accentnext word for its accent

Before a smooth breathing Before a smooth breathing oÙoÙ becomes becomes oÙkoÙk; before a rough ; before a rough breathing breathing oÙoÙ becomes becomes oÙcoÙc

ww Verbs Verbs How do you know if you are working How do you know if you are working

with the with the w-w-conjugation?conjugation? Look at the principal partsLook at the principal parts The first principal part listed is the The first principal part listed is the

present tense, active voice, indicative present tense, active voice, indicative mood formmood form

If it ends in just If it ends in just ww, then you can use , then you can use the verb endings you just learned with the verb endings you just learned with that verbthat verb

LuwLuw, lusw, elusa, leluka, lelumai, , lusw, elusa, leluka, lelumai, eluqhneluqhn

TiqhmiTiqhmi, qhsw, eqhka, teqhka, , qhsw, eqhka, teqhka, teqeimaiteqeimai