Present Perfect (Part 1):

has/have been vs. was/were

(affirmative and negative)

How have you been?

To be honest, I

haven't been so well.

I was tired last

week, but now I

am fine.

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple

The sentence in blue (past simple) means that the relationshipexisted in 2008, but it doesn’t imply that it continued to exist.

The sentence in pink (present perfect) means that therelationship started in the past and continued in the present

time.

We have been friends for 10 years.

We have been friends since 2011.

(Present perfect)

2008

We were friends in 2008.

(Past simple)

present

20212011

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple: timeline

He has been single since last year.

Verb “to be”

Past Simple: was / were

Past Participle: been

He was single last year.

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple: positive sentences

Present Perfect: subject + have/has + past participle verb

Past simple: subject + past simple verb

This sentence is about something thatstarted being true in the past and

continued to the present.

This sentence is about something that was true in a specific time in the past.

We were together last year.We have been together for 2 years.

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple: positive sentences

Present Perfect: subject + have/has + past participle verb

Past simple: subject + past simple verb

This sentence is about something thatstarted being true in the past and

continued to the present time.

This sentence is about something that was true in a specific time in the past.

I was a painter in 2012.I have been a painter since 2012.

Past Simple sentences

usually have time

expressions:

yesterday, two years ago,

in 2015, last month etc.

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple: positive sentences

Present Perfect: subject + have/has + past participle verb

Past simple: subject + past simple verb

This sentence is about something thatstarted being true in the past and

continued to the present time.

This sentence is about something that was true in a specific time in the past.

She wasn’t a student 3 years ago .

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple: negative sentences

Present Perfect: subject + have/has + not + past participle verb

Past simple: subject + past simple verb + not

She hasn’t been a student for 3 years.

This sentence is about something thatstarted being true in the past and

continued to the present time.

This sentence is about something that was true in a specific time in the past.

You haven’t been a good friend since you

started dating.

You weren’t a good friend when you were

dating.

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple: negative sentences

Present Perfect: subject + have/has + not + past participle verb

Past simple: subject + past simple verb + not

This sentence is about something thatstarted being true in the past and

continued to the present time.This sentence is about something that was

true in a specific time in the past.

I have been a software developer for 2 years. She has been a singer since 2017.

For is used to refer to a period. Since is used to refer to the start of a period.

Since or For ?

They haven’t been well lately.He hasn’t been interested in a serious relationship

recently.

“Lately” or “Recently”

Use “lately” or “recently” to refer to a fact that started from a short time ago:

Affirmative form

subject (I / we / you / they) + have + been

subject (he/ she / it) + has + been

Negative form

subject (he / she / it) + has + not + been

subject ( I / we / you / they) + have + not + been

Contracted forms:

I’ve been

He’s been

Contracted forms:

We haven’t been

She hasn’t been

Present Perfect: verb to be (summary)

Helpful tips!

➢ Try to create sentences with “have/has been” and

“was/were” using your own life experiences!

➢ Compare how you were in the past and how you

have been recently.

➢ Write these sentences in your notebook/Notepad.

➢ These tips will help you to get the most out of

studying!

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