Present Indicative and Present Indicative and Present Progressive Present Progressive tensestenses

Spanish 3- Review Packet

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Sentences in SpanishSentences in Spanish1) Sentences in Spanish, like those in English,

need a subject and verb in order to make it a full sentence.

2) The subject pronouns are:Singular PluralYo I Nosotros (as)

weTú You(inf.)Él He Ellos

theyElla She Ellas theyUsted (Ud.) You (for.) Ustedes (Uds.) y'all

3) Unlike English, subject pronouns are OPTIONAL in Spanish.

Ella canta bien. OR Canta bien. 2

4) To negate a sentence, add the word

"no" before the verb in the sentence.Ellos no nadan en el río. 5) Why 2 ways to say "you"?*Tú is informal, used with friends and

family.*Ud. is formal, used for older people or

those you don’t know well to show respect.

 6) Uds. is used when you want to talk

to a group of people. It can be used formally or informally, except in Spain where Vosotros is the informal you plural and Uds. is the formal you plural.

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Present Tense Present Tense (Indicative) (Indicative) The present tense talks about what is happening now at present, happens generally, and what is general fact.

 Ella juega fútbol. (She plays soccer.) Texas es grande. (Texas is big.)

  1) Formation of Regular -AR Verbs Endings: Yo -o Nosotros -amos

Tú -asÉl -a Ellos -anElla -a Ellas -an Ud -a Uds -an

Example: Bailar (to dance)Yo bailo Nosotros

bailamosTú bailasÉl, Ella, Ud baila Ellos, Ellas, Uds bailan  Examples of other regular -ar verbs are lavar, cantar, hablar,

sacar, tomar, llegar, llevar, necesitar, etc.4

Regular -ER and -IR Regular -ER and -IR verbsverbs 2) Regular -ER Verbs Endings:Yo -o Nosotros -emosTú -esÉl -e Ellos -enElla -e Ellas -en Ud -e Uds -en   Example: Comer (to eat)Yo como Nosotros

comemosTú comesÉl, Ella, Ud come Ellos, Ellas, Uds

comen

Other regular -er verbs are aprender, leer, comprender, correr, etc.

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3) Regular -IR Verbs Endings:Yo -o Nosotros -imosTú -esÉl -e Ellos -enElla -e Ellas -en Ud -e Uds -en

Example: Vivir (to live)Yo vivo Nosotros

vivimosTú vivesÉl, Ella, Ud vive Ellos, Ellas, Uds

viven

Other regular -ir verbs are subir, escribir, repartir, abrir, asistir, etc.

  *How can you tell which are regular verbs and which

are irregular verbs? -There is no magic solution. You have to study and

memorize which are which. 6

Irregular Present Tense Irregular Present Tense VerbsVerbsThe Present Tense has regular

verbs, stem-changing verbs, "yo" changers, spelling changers, and completely irregular verbs (meaning they follow no set pattern so they have to be memorized.)

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Stem-Changing Present Stem-Changing Present Tense VerbsTense VerbsThere are 3 classes of stem-changing

verbs in the present tense. They are called "stem" changing because the endings remain the same as regular present tense verbs while the body of the verbs experiences a change in all forms except the nosotros. These are sometimes called the "boot" or “shoe” verbs.

*Remember, you must learn which verb make which change. There is no "trick" to know.

*These verbs take REGULAR endings!

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E-IEE-IEQuerer (to want or love)Yo quiero Nosotros

queremosTú quieresÉl EllosElla quiere Ellas

quieren Ud Uds

Other verbs that have the E-IE change are:Cerrar (to close) Perder (to lose)Despertar (to wake up) Empezar(to

start)Pensar (to think) Sentar (to sit)Entender (to understand) Preferir(to prefer)Divertir(se) (to have fun) Mentir

(to lie)Sentir (to feel)

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O-UEO-UEDormir (to sleep)Yo duermo Nosotros dormimosTú duermesÉl EllosElla duerme Ellas duermen Ud Uds  Other verbs that have the O-UE change are:Contar (to count/tell) Volver (to return)Acostarse (to go to bed) Costar

(to cost)Recordar (to remember) Jugar (to play)Encontrar (to find) Volar (to fly)Llover (to rain) morir (to die)Poder (to be able to, "can")

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E-IE-IPedir (to ask for)Yo pido Nosotros pedimosTú pidesÉl EllosElla pide Ellas piden Ud Uds  Other verbs that have the E-I change are:Repetir (to repeat) reír(se) (to

laugh)Despedir(se)(to say goodbye) Seguir (to

follow)Servir (to serve) Sonreír (to

smile)Vestir(se) (to get dressed)

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"YO" Changers in the "YO" Changers in the Present TensePresent TenseThe following verbs only have an

irregularity in the "yo" form. All forms other than "yo" follow regular present tense endings/rules with no spelling irregularities. They can be divided into 3 categories: Z,G, and Extras.

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ZZ (vowel + -cer or –cir) (vowel + -cer or –cir)Conocer (to know someone)Yo conozco Nosotros conocemosTú conocesÉl EllosElla conoce Ellas conocenUd Uds*Other verbs that have the Z change are:

Verb Meaning Yo form

1. Agradecer To appreciate Agradezco

2. Aparecer To appear Aparezco

3. Crecer To grow Crezco

4. Merecer To deserve Merezco

5. Obedecer To obey Obedezco

6. Traducir To translate Traduzco13

GGHacer (to do/make)Yo hago Nosotros hacemosTú hacesÉl EllosElla hace Ellas hacenUd Uds  *Other verbs that have the G change are:Verb Meaning Yo Form

1. Caer(se) To fall Caigo

2. Poner To put Pongo

3. Salir To leave/go out Salgo

4. Traer To bring Traigo

5. Valer To have worth Valgo

6. Decir To say Digo14

Yo ExtrasYo Extras Ver (to see)Yo veo Nosotros vemosTú vesÉl EllosElla ve Ellas venUd Uds   Dar (to give)Yo doy Nosotros damosTú dasÉl EllosElla da Ellas danUd Uds   Saber (to know something)Yo sé Nosotros sabemosTú sabesÉl EllosElla sabe Ellas sabenUd Uds 15

The completely Irregular The completely Irregular Present Tense verbs are:Present Tense verbs are: Venir (to come)Yo vengo Nosotros venimosTú vienesÉl EllosElla viene Ellas vienen Ud Uds  Tener (to have)Yo tengo Nosotros tenemosTú tienesÉl EllosElla tiene Ellas tienen Ud Uds *These changes apply for any verb with the above

verbs in the body. For example: detener, obtener, intervenir, etc.

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Decir (to say)Yo digo Nosotros

decimosTú dicesÉl EllosElla dice Ellas dicen Ud Uds

Ir (to go)Yo voy Nosotros vamosTú vasÉl EllosElla va Ellas van Ud Uds

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Estar (to be)Yo estoy Nosotros estamosTú estásÉl EllosElla está Ellas están Ud Uds   Ser (to be)Yo soy Nosotros somosTú eresÉl EllosElla es Ellas sonUd Uds   Oír (to hear)Yo oigo Nosotros oímosTú oyesÉl EllosElla oye Ellas oyen Ud Uds

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Spelling Changes in the Spelling Changes in the Present TensePresent Tense1. Verbs ending in -UIRThe verbs ending in –uir (except –

guir), a “y” is inserted after the “u” in all forms except those for nosotros and vosotros.

Example: Huir (to flee) Yo huyo Nosotros huimos

Tú huyes X

Él, ella, Ud huye Ellos, ellas,Uds. huyen19

Other verbs that have the same

change:

Concluir = to conclude, endConstruir = to constructContribuir = to contributeDestruir = to destroyDistribuir = to distributeIncluir = to includeInfluir = to influenceSustituir = to substitute

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2. Verbs ending in –iar 2. Verbs ending in –iar and - uarand - uar Some verbs ending in –iar or –uar stress the “i” or

the “u” (í, ú) in all forms except those for nosotros and vosotros. 

Example: Enviar (to send)

Other verbs with that change: Confiar (en ) = to rely on, to confide in Espiar = to spy Fiarse (de) = to trust Guiar = to guide Resfriarse = to catch a cold Variar = to vary

Yo envío Nosotros enviamos

Tú envías X

Él, ella, Ud envía Ellos,ellas,Uds. envían

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Example: Continuar (to continue)

Other verbs with that change:Actuar = to actGraduarse = to graduate

Yo continúo Nosotros continuamos

Tú continúas X

Él, ella, Ud continúa Ellos,ellas,Uds. continúan

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3. Verbs ending in –ger 3. Verbs ending in –ger or -giror -gir In verbs ending in –ger or –gir, the “g” changes

to a “j” before the letters “o” and “a.”  Example: Dirigir (to direct)

  Other verbs with the same change: Afligir = to afflict, to grieve Coger = to seize, to grasp, to catch Escoger = to choose, to select Exigir = to demand, to require Fingir = to pretend Proteger = to protect Recoger = to gather, to pick up

Yo dirijo Nosotros dirigimos

Tú diriges X

Él, ella, Ud dirige Ellos,ellas,Uds. dirigen

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4. Verbs ending in -4. Verbs ending in -guirguir

In the verbs ending in –guir, the “gu” changes to “g” before the letters “o” or “a.”

 Example: Distinguir (to distinguish)

Verbs that have the same change:Extinguir = to extinguish

Yo distingo Nosotros distinguimos

Tú distingues X

Él, ella, Ud distingue Ellos,ellas,Uds. distinguen

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Note: some verbs with spelling

changes also have stem changes*Corregir = to correctCorrijo, corriges, corrige, corregimos,

corrigen Verbs with the same change: elegir ( to

elect, choose)

 *Seguir = to follow or continueSigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, siguen Verbs with the same change:Conseguir = to get, to obtain, to succeed inPerseguir – to pursue, to persecuteProseguir = to continue, to proceed

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Practice 1Practice 11) (enseñar) La profesora _____________ clase.2) (bailar) Ellos ____________ todos los días.3) (lavar) Yo no _________ mi coche mucho.4) (cantar) Nosotros no ___________ en clase.5) (sacar) ¿_____________ (tú) buenas notas?6) (necesitar) Uds.______ comprar un cuaderno.7) (comprar) Luis___________ zapatos nuevos.8) (tomar) Tú_________ el autobús, ¿verdad?9) (estudiar) Los chicos_______ mucho en casa.10) (llegar) Nosotros no _______ tarde a clase.

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Practice 2Practice 21) (comprender) La profesora __________

griego.2) (subir) Ellos ____________ las escaleras.3) (aprender) Yo _________ mucho en la

escuela.4) (leer) Nosotros _____ en la biblioteca.5) (correr) ?____________ (tú) todos los días?6)(escribir) Uds._________ en sus cuadernos.7) (comer) Luis__________ en el

restaurante.8) (abrir) Nosotros ________ los regalos.

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Practice 3Practice 3Complete the dialog with the

appropriate present tense form of verb in parenthesis. Can you translate the sentences into English?

-¿Qué __________ (decir) la profesora? Yo no________ (oír) nada desde aquí.

-Yo tampoco. Yo ________ (ir) a sentarme allí. Sus conferencias siempre __________ (entretener) mucho. ¿________(venir) conmigo?

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Continued…Continued…-Sí, claro. Mis amigos ___________ (decir)

que cuando ellos __________ (estar) en su clase, nunca se aburren.

-Oye, _________ (venir) muchas personas. -Yo___________(tener) que encontrarme

con Mateo. Nosotros _________ (ir) a la piscina después de la conferencia.

 -De acuerdo. Aquí nosotros _______

(estar) cerca de la puerta y también ________ (oír) todo lo que ella ________ (decir).  29

Present ProgressivePresent ProgressiveProgressive tenses are compound

tenses. They consist of a verb or motion and a gerund (present participle). These tenses talk about events that are in motion, in progress or continuing.

 Step 1: Forming Gerunds/Present

Participles(Remember, once formed, the same

gerund is used for every subject, regular or irregular.)

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REGULAR gerunds

The formation of IRREGULAR gerunds.A) The verbs "Ir" and "Oír" and verbs that

end in -aer, -eer, and -uir have gerunds ending in -yendo.

 Ir - Yendo Traer-

trayendoOír - Oyendo Leer - LeyendoConstruir - Construyendo

-AR verbs take-ando

-ER and –IR verbs take-iendo

Ex: cantar=cantando Ex: comer=comiendo

Vivir=viviendo

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B) Stem-changing –ar and –er verbs do not

have a stem change in the gerund:  Jugar-jugando volver- volviendo

C) Stem changing –ir verbs have the following stem change in the gerund (OR you can think of it as Preterite Chancla verbs have the same spelling changes in the gerund.)

 -e to i -o to uPedir-Pidiendo Dormir-Durmiendo

D) Ones to memorize Venir - ViniendoDecir - DiciendoPoder - PudiendoReír - Riendo  32

Practice (Present Practice (Present Progressive)Progressive)

Complete with the present progressive.

1. El niño (escuchar) _____________________el reloj cucú. 2. Los atletas (recibir)_____________________ otro trofeo. 3. Yo (ponerse)________________________ unas sandalias. 4. Julio y yo (hacer)_______________________ un lío aquí. 5. Los bebés (dormir)___________________ tranquilamente. 6. ¡Tú (despertarse)_____________________ tempranísimo! 7. El turista (buscar)________________________ su pasaporte. 8. El testigo (decir)_______________________ más mentiras. 9. Nosotros (volver)___________________ de las vacaciones. 10. Yo (divertirse)___________________ mucho en la playa.

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TareaTarea

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