present day and paleo hydrodynamics of the marañon basin, peru · 2016-09-08 · petroleum geology...
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Summary PresentationJanuary 2003
Present Day and Paleo Hydrodynamicsof the Marañon Basin, Peru
Impact on Oil Migration, Oil Quality and Trapping, Implications for Exploration and Production
Acknowledgements - Funding and Support
This project was conducted byRakhit Petroleum Consulting Ltd.
for thePeru Energy Regulatory Assistance Project (PERAP),Canadian Petroleum Institute (CPI)
with generous funding from theCanadian International Development Association (CIDA)
Objectives
1. Study influence of hydrodynamics on the
migration and preservation of oil in the basin.
2. Map paleo and present oil migration fairways to
identify prospective areas for future exploration.
Outline
1. Petroleum Geology
2. Paleo Hydrogeology and Dynamic Oil Migration
3. Hydrogeology and Dynamic Oil Migration
4. Conclusions
Location MapMarañon Basin, Peru
A
A’
200 km
Present Day Structural Cross-SectionMarañon Basin - Santiago Basin
Cross-section supplied by:
Stratigraphic Column and Tectonic EventsPeru
From Mathalone and Montoya, 1995OIL GAS SOURCE ROCK
Salt
Tectonic Events
MADRE deDIOSUCAYALIMARANON/
SANTIAGO
South MarañonSource
Main Reservoir
North MarañonSource
Evaporites
Pressure versus Elevation GraphMarañon Basin, Peru
-18,000
-16,000
-14,000
-12,000
-10,000
-8,000
-6,000
-4,000
-2,000
0
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000
Pressure (psi)
All DataCushabatayAgua CalienteChontaVivian
Regional Water Gradient
Elev
atio
n (ft
)
Pressure versus Elevation GraphMarañon Basin, Peru
-18,000
-16,000
-14,000
-12,000
-10,000
-8,000
-6,000
-4,000
-2,000
0
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000
Pressure (psi)
Elev
atio
n(ft
)
All DataVivian
Regional Water Gradient
1. "Paleo" Recharge
2. Flow Convergence
3. Present Day Recharge
Late Migration
Eocene Migration
Migration HistoryVivian Formation, Marañon Basin, Peru
Whole crude gas chromatograph of oil from the Cretaceous Vivian Formation in the Jibaro Field,Marañon Basin (GeoMark, 1997). The hydrocarbon fraction to the right of C15 is highlybiodegraded. A later phase of migration is indicated by presence of nonbiodegraded C1 to C15hydrocarbons.
After Higley, 2001.
Burial History GraphChonta Paleo Kitchen, Marañon Basin, Peru
After PeruPetro, 2002.
Location of Modelled Wells and Pseudo Wells
Chonta Entering Paleo KitchensSantiago Basin
Maturity versus Time Graph in Piuntza IX in the Central Santiago-Nieva Tectonic Depression
Summary Petroleum SystemsMarañon Basin, Peru
Pliocene
Miocene
Oligocene
Eocene
Paleocene
LateCretaceous
10
20
30
40
50
60
Pozo Sand
Pozo Shale
Chonta
0 2nd PhaseLate Pliocene - Recent Kitchen
1st PhaseLate Cretaceous -
Middle EoceneKitchen
InversionQuechua
InversionIncaic(Start
CutucuUplift)
InversionPeruana
Middle Eoceneand olderstructures
Late Mioceneand younger
structures
MIG
RATIO
NR
E-MIG
RATIO
N
Ma
JurassicPucara
Triassic210
Trapping of "New" Oil
and Re-migrated
"Old" Oil
Paleo-Trappingand Local
Biodegradationof "Old" Oil
Pozo Time MigrationSouthern Marañon Basin, Peru
Present Day MigrationNorthern Marañon Basin, Peru
Recoverable Oil ReservesMarañon Basin, Peru
1975
1974
1981
1982
1978
1972
1989
1974
1973 73 73 7 8
119
719
7319
7319
7819
7319
7819
8119
74
1975
1974
1977
1974
1972
1974
1975
1971
1974
1972
1971
19 19 197
197
1972
Tam
boS
ur
Corrientes
San
Jaci
nto
Pav
ayac
uC
ham
bira
E.
Bar
traFo
rest
al
Shi
viya
cuC
apah
uari
Sur
Hua
yuri
S.
Dor
issa
Cap
irona
Vale
ncia
/Neu
vaE
sper
anta
Yana
yacu
Cec
i
Capahuari SurS
hivi
yacu
Dor
issa
Fore
stal
San
Jaci
nto
Jiba
rito
Bre
tana
Sam
iria
Sur
Jiba
ro
Hua
yuri
S.
Bar
traP
avay
acu
Yana
yacu
Vale
ncia
/Neu
vaE
sper
anta
Cor
rient
esC
arm
en
Cap
ahua
riN
orte
Cor
rient
es
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
MM
BO
REC
OVE
RA
BLE
TenaVivianChontaCushabatay
Shi
viya
cu L
ook-
alik
e?D
oris
sa L
ook-
alik
e?Fo
rest
al L
ook-
alik
e?S
an J
acin
to L
ook-
alik
e?
Possible UndiscoveredChonta Oil Fields
Total 734 MMBO: 50 % in 3 Fields62% in Vivian, 37% in Chonta
(Data from Mathalone and Montoya, 1995).Recent discoveries in Block 67 (Dorado, Paiche, Piraña) not included.
Oil GravityVivian Formation, Marañon Basin, Peru
8°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
8°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
0 100 km
46
42
38
34
30
26
22
18
14
10
Oil Gravity ( API)°
Colombia
Brasil
Ecuador
Peru
Peru
Peru
Outline
1. Petroleum Geology
2. Paleo Hydrogeology and Dynamic Oil Migration
3. Hydrogeology and Dynamic Oil Migration
4. Conclusions
Petroleum Hydrogeology of the Marañon BasinEarly Tertiary - Pozo Time (~40 Ma)
ECUADOR
PERU
Freshwater RechargeP OZO SE A
PR OTO CUT UCUUP LIF T
PRO TO ANDE AN UPL IFT Major Molasse Source Area
N
OIL WIN D OW
S
S
WesternOil Kitchen
Salt Dissolution
Extensive PaleoBiodegradation c. 65 Cº
Sediment LoadCompaction
F
F
Tect
onic
C
ompr
essi
on
PAL
JU-TR
PZ
K PE
CUSHCHON
VIV
Before Quecha Inversion = Western Oil Kitchen
Sea Level
SA NTI AGO BAS IN
PLIOMIOPALKVIVCHON
CUSHJUTRPZPE
Pliocene
Miocene
Paleocene
Cretaceous
Vivian Ss
Chonta
Cushabatay
Jurassic
Triassic
Paleozoic
Precambrian
Driving Forces
for Brine Flow
in the West
Freshwater Flow
Brine Flow
Oil Migration
Fault Conduit Source Rock
EWVI VIA N U PLA NDS
Paleo - StructureVivian Formation, Marañon Basin, Peru
8°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
8°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
0 100 km
N
0
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1,000
-1,200
-1,400
-1,600
-1,800
Colombia
Brasil
Ecuador
Peru
Peru
Peru
Structure (m)
Paleo - Hydraulic HeadVivian Formation, Marañon Basin, Peru
N
8°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
8°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
0 100 km
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Hydraulic Head (m)
Colombia
Brasil
Ecuador
Peru
Peru
Peru
Paleo FlowConvergence
Water Flow
Paleo - Water SalinityVivian Formation, Marañon Basin, Peru
N
8°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
8°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
0 100 km
220,000
200,000
180,000
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
Colombia
Brasil
Ecuador
Peru
Peru
Peru
Water Salinity (mg/L)
Paleo - Oil MigrationVivian Formation, Marañon Basin, Peru
N
8°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
8°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
0 100 km
Colombia
Brasil
Ecuador
Peru
Peru
Peru
Summary Paleo - Oil MigrationVivian Formation, Marañon Basin, Peru
N
8°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
8°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
0 100 km
Oil Charged Fairways
Paleo Accumulation
Colombia
Brasil
Ecuador
Peru
Peru
Peru
Outline
1. Petroleum Geology
2. Paleo Hydrogeology and Dynamic Oil Migration
3. Hydrogeology and Dynamic Oil Migration
4. Conclusions
Petroleum Hydrogeology of the Marañon BasinLate Pliocene (c. 5 Ma) - Present
EW
Sea Level
ECUADOR
PERU
N
S
S
OIL WINDOW
S
SA NTI AGO BAS IN
CU TUC U U PLI FT
CO RDI LLE RA RE AL
Strong Freshwater Recharge
Weak 'Paleo' Water Flowc. 65 Cº
No Present DayBiodegradation
(Reservoirs Too Hot)
BASE PLIOMIOPALK
PLIOMIOPALKVIVCHON
CUSHJUTRPZPE
Pliocene
Miocene
Paleocene
Cretaceous
Vivian Ss
Chonta
Cushabatay
Jurassic
Triassic
Paleozoic
Precambrian
Driving Forces
for Brine Flow
in the West
Freshwater Flow
Brine Flow
Oil Migration
Fault Conduit Source Rock
StructureVivian Formation, Marañon Basin, Peru
N
8°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
8°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
0 100 km
0
-1,000
-2,000
-3,000
-4,000
-5,000
Colombia
Brasil
Ecuador
Peru
Peru
Peru
Structure (m)
Hydraulic HeadVivian Formation, Marañon Basin, Peru
N
8°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
8°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
0 100 km
400
360
320
280
240
200
160
120
80
40
0
Hydraulic Head (m)
Water Flow
FlowConvergence
Colombia
Brasil
Ecuador
Peru
Peru
Peru
Water SalinityVivian Formation, Marañon Basin, Peru
NColombia
Brasil
Ecuador
Peru
Peru
Peru
8°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
8°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
0 100 km
200,000
180,000
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
Water Salinity (mg/L)
Oil MigrationVivian Formation, Marañon Basin, Peru
NColombia
Brasil
Ecuador
Peru
Peru
Peru
8°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
8°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
0 100 km
Summary of Oil Migration and Re-MigrationVivian Formation, Marañon Basin, Peru
N
8°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
8°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
0 100 km
Remigrated Paleo Oil Charged Fairways
Paleo Oil Accumulation
New Oil Charged Fairways
Gas Charged Fairways
Colombia
Brasil
Ecuador
Peru
Peru
Peru
Heavy Oil
Light - Medium Oil
Present Oil Accumulation
Updip Flushing Risk
Downdip Flushing Risk
Gas Lost to Outcrop
Tilted Oil/Water ContactsVivian Formation, Marañon Basin, Peru
N
Updip Flushing Risk
Downdip Flushing Risk
8°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
78° 77° 76° 75° 74° 73°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
8°
7°
6°
5°
4°
3°
2°
0 100 km
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0
Colombia
Brasil
Ecuador
Peru
Peru
Peru
Heavy Oil
Light - Medium Oil Tilt (m/km)
Tilted Oil/Water Contact, Shiviyacu FieldVivian A Sand, Marañon Basin, Peru
-8670 ft.
-8560 ft.
8.6 km
OWC Tilt3.9 m/km SE Cross-section supplied by:
Predicted Tilted Oil/Water ContactsLoreto Dome, Marañon Basin, Peru
Cushabatay Sandstone
Vivian Sandstone
Loreto 1X
200
100
-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
C
-5000
80 180
16060 120
14020 40
0
Distance (km)
Elev
atio
n (m
)
Vertical Exaggeration = x 20
7 m/km (40ºAPI)
17 m/km (15ºAPI)
6 m/km(40ºAPI)
16 m/km(15ºAPI)
C’
Cushabatay Tilts
Vivian Tilts
ShaleChonta LimestoneShale
Dow
ndip Flow
Downdip Flow
Loreto Structure Prognosis
Despite the 1X well being wet, there is potential for hydrodynamic trapping on the northeast flank of theLoreto Dome. Given the immense size of the structure (2 km of closure and 50 km wide) the reservestrapped could be considerable. Calculations for 40º API, with a predicted oil/water contact tilt of 7 m/km inthe Cushabatay, indicate that over a billion BBls of oil could be trapped. Reservoir quality and oil chargeare serious risk factors.
Outline
1. Petroleum Geology
2. Paleo Hydrogeology and Dynamic Oil Migration
3. Hydrogeology and Dynamic Oil Migration
4. Conclusions
Conclusions
1. The basin is hydrodynamically active due to outcrop
of major aquifers at high elevation in Andes Foothills.
2. Main Vivian reservoir contains oil fields with oil/water
contact tilts up to 15 m/km.
3. The southern basin received only paleo oil charge.
Three narrow re-migrated oil fairways with potential
tilted accumulations are mapped.
Conclusions
4. The northern basin received both paleo and present
day oil charge. Four broad oil fairways with potential
accumulations exist.
5. A major hydrodynamic trap may exist downdip of the
shelf edge in the northern basin.
6. Biodegradation was widespread during paleo-time but
is limited to the shallow basin margins today.
Project Availability
This study, “Present Day and Paleo Hydrodynamics of theMarañon Basin, Peru,” is available in paper or PDF format,for a modest copy charge.
Please contact Rakhit Petroleum Consulting Ltd.
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
(403) 264-4466