prescription pharmacy
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PRESRIPTION PHARMACYPRESRIPTION PHARMACYPHRM 210PHRM 210
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Prescriptions have been
in use since ancienttimes.
Latin adopted as
standard language
Rx= prescription
Sig.= directions
Classification of medicines
Prescription (legend) medicine
Medicines that requires a prescription fordispense is known as prescription medicine.
Medicine that can be used safely onlywith a doctors written permission
Prescription medicine is consideredpotentially harmful, if not used under the
supervision of a licensed health carepractitioner.
History
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The prescription actually means a writtenorder by an authorized medical practitionerdirecting the pharmacists to compound anddispense drugs for a patient quantities specifiedtherein.
Definition of prescription
Awritten direction from a doctor, dentist,or veterinary surgeon for the preparation and
administration of a remedy.
Asummary of the diagnosis, prognosis,and treatment plan for a patients illness.
Prescription is a legal document.
Prescriptions can be written or verbal(telephone pharmacy) except for abusepotential drugs like morphine, codeine,bromazepam etc.
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Components of a prescription
1. Patients name, age, sex and addressPharmacist needs this information.
Name, age, sex, and address of the patientmust be written on the prescription.
2. DateThe date on the prescription helps a
pharmacist to find out the cases whereprescription is brought for dispensing long timeafter its issue. Prescriptions containing narcoticor other habit forming drugs must bear thedate.
3. SuperscriptionIt is represented by a symbol Rx
Rx= recipere, Latin for take thou Denotes paper is a prescription.
Literally, "Rx" indicates an instruction "to take"what is specified in the prescription.
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4. InscriptionIt contains the names and quantities of
the prescribed ingredients. It is divided into
three parts: The base or the active medicament
which is needed to produce therapeutic effect. The adjuvantwhich is included either
to enhance the action of medicament or to
make the product more palatable. The vehicle which is either used to
dissolve the solid substances and or to increasethe volume of the preparation for ease ofadministration.
5. SubscriptionThis part of the prescription contains the
prescribers directions to the pharmacistregarding the dosage form to be prepared andnumber of doses to be dispensed.
This contains:
The method of administration or application.
The dose, if the preparation for internal use.
The time of administration or application.
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7. The prescribers signature, address andregistration number
All the parts of the prescription may beprinted or type-written but the prescribersname must be hand written and should besigned with ink.
The vehicle, the means of application (eg. A
brush).
The part of the body to which the preparation
to be applied, if for external use.
6. Signatura
It usually abbreviated as Sig on the
prescriptions and consists of the directions to be
given to the patient regarding theadministration of the drug. These instructions
must be transferred to the label of the container
in which the medicine is to dispensed. The
instructions may include-- The quantity to be taken or amount to be used.
- The route of administration.
- The special instruction-dilution direction.
- The frequency and timing of administration or
application.
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An example of a typical prescription
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Handling of a prescription
i. Receivingii. Reading and checking
iii. Collecting the materialsiv. Weighingv. Compoundingvi. Finishing
Receiving:
The prescription should be received form
the patient by the pharmacist himself or herself.
Under no circumstances an unauthorized person
should try to receive or read the prescription.
Reading and checking:Abrief examination of each prescription
should be made immediately upon receiving itform the patient. This will tell the pharmacist-
About the nature of the dosage form to beprepared and
Time required for preparing it.
Every prescription should be read andunderstood completely before compounding it.
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Every word & abbreviation must be interpreted
correctly. He or she should never guess about
the meaning of an illegible or confusing word. It
may lead to serious consequences. If there isany doubt he or she should consult the fellow
pharmacists or the prescriber.
Collecting and weighing the materials:
Materials to be used in compounding the
prescription should be collected on the left hand
side of the balance and arrange in the order in
which they are to be mixed. The materials,
which are weighed, should be shifted to right
hand side of the balance. This gives amechanical check of ingredients, which has
been weighed.
The label on every stock bottle should be
read at least three times: When taken from the shelf or drawer.
When the contents are removed for weighing
or measuring.
When the containers are returned back to its
proper place.
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Compounding:
This is the most important phase in
handling the prescription. In this case proper
drug is dispensed in a suitable form. This canbe achieved only if accuracy, cleanliness and
proper techniques are observed in the
preparation of any medication. Only one
prescription should be compounded at one time.
Finishing:
The compounded medicaments should
be filled in suitable containers depending on the
quantity of medication to be dispensed and the
method of its use.
The following information should be
written on all labels:
- Name of the prescription
- Name of the patient, age and sex- Registration number
- Date of dispensing
- Directions for its use
- Expiry date, if any
- Storage conditions
- Name and address of the pharmacy
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Prescriptions can be written inEnglish or with Latin abbreviations
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qd or od = every day
qod = every other day
bid = twice daily
tid = thrice daily
qid = four times/day
ac = before meals pc = after meals
hs or qhs = at bedtime
disp = dispense
prn = as needed
po = by mouth (orally)
IV = intravenous
IV push or bolus = at one time
IV infusion = infuse over time
IM = intramuscular stat = immediately
sq or sc = subcutaneous
Sig. = signa or signetur - label or write orlet it be labeled = directions for use
Common abbreviations in prescriptionwriting