PREPOSITIONS

• SEAN• KYUNGMI• JUSTIN• TONY• TINA

PREPOSITIONS BONE FLESH• IMPORTANCE OF PREPOSITION• USING PREPOSITION EFFECTIVELY CARDINAL SINS• CLEAR THE CLUTTER• “OUT” ALL VERBS• OBJECTION• THE LAST WORD ON PREPOSITIONS CARNAL PLEASURES QUIZ

BONE

Some common prepositions:

• About, above, across, after, against, along, as for, as well as, at, away from…

• Before, behind, below, beside, between, but, by…

• Down, during, except, for, from, in, in back of, in front of, inside, in stead of, into, like, near …

• Of, off, on, onto, out, out of, outside, over, past, since

• Through, till, to, together with, toward, under, until, up, up to, upon, with, within, without, with regard to…

• Adjectival prep phrases: Noun/pronoun

• Adverbial prep phrases: Verb/Adj/adverb

• Prep: come solo or in clusters

• Can act like : adverbs or conjunction Ex: come inside (adverb)Ex: but don’t come too close (conjunction)

• Can combine with verbsEx: turn on, turn in

FLESH

IMPORTANCE OF PREPOSITION

USING PREPOSITION EFFECTIVELY

IMPORTANCE OF PREPOSITION• Prepositions: tie nouns and pronouns to other

parts of a sentence.

• Essential.

• Don’t use preposition => make no senseEx: The discoveries planets the solar system are

now drawing closer cosmic terms the world their discoverers??? => The discoveries of planets beyond the solar system are now drawing closer in cosmic terms to the world of their discoverers.

USING PREPOSITION EFFECTIVELY• Prepositional phrases, crafted into parallel pieces.

• Parallelism must be prepared carefully & used discriminately.

EX: President John F. Kennedy’s speech :The torch has been passed to a new generation

of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage.

CARDINAL SINS

CLEAR THE CLUTTER

“OUT” ALL VERBS

OBJECTION

THE LAST WORD ON PREPOSITIONS

CLEAR THE CLUTTER• Lodge your ideas directly in nouns and verbs.

• Avoid direct adverb Ex: As of now, At present, At this time

• Replacing clusters of words = one elegantEx: In regard to = about

In order to = to A lot of = many

• PREPOSITION ARE NOT VERBS!!!!

“OUT” ALL VERBS

• Get the action front and center. Ex: to be of the opinion that = to believe to be in possession of = to own to perform an analysis of = to analyze to study in depth = to examine

• Lame prepositional phrases can drain a strong verb.

OBJECTION!

• Most common error: forgetting noun in a prepositional phrase = “object” of the preposition.

Ex: Senator Hank Brown goofed in saying “most members are like I.”

• Happens when a pair of pronouns follows a preposition.

OBJECTION!

Ex: just between you and I => Just between you and me.

if it’s up to Jan and I => if it’s up to Jan and me.

the rich are different from you and I => the rich are different from you and me.

LAST WORD ON PREPOSITIONS

• Never end a sentence with a preposition Ex: Once and for all?...

• Prepositions stand before the nouns => govern their objects.

• Prepositions & their objects should not be unnaturally forced together.

CARNAL PLEASURES• Keyboard caperers developed a host of initialisms: cut out prepositional phrase down to size.Ex: BTW = By the way IRL = In real life IMHO = In my humble opinion

• Pidgin English: do away with Prepositions altogetherEx: “He go school” ↔“He go to school” “She make plenty money” ↔ “She make plenty of money” “Try look da sunset” ↔“Try look at the sunset”

• Certain writers embrace evocative ones that stretch the grammatical frontier.

Ex: “beyond”: Beyond the horizonBeyond workBeyond the need to explain

QUIZ

1. The party should end ___ midnight.

2. I’ve known her ___ about 5 years. A) for B) in order to C) whether

You can do it!

3. Would you care ___ something to drink? A) about B) for C) to provide

4. He is ___ the phone at the moment. A) on B) to C) the approximate amount of

5. I will speak to him later ___ phone. A) in the event that B) on C) by

ANSWERS

1. The party should end at midnight.

2. I’ve known her (A) for about 5 years.

3. Would you care (B) for something to drink?

4. He is (A) on the phone at the moment.

5. I will speak to him later (C) by phone.