History Of Computer

Prepared by:Shaima Al-aizary

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What is a computer?

• A computer is a digital device which can be programmed to change (process) information from one form to another. – Do exactly as they are told.– Digital devices: Understand only two different states

(OFF and ON - 0 and 1)

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First Generation (1946) - ENIAC

• First large-scale electronic digital computer was ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)

• 30 feet long, 8 feet wide, and 8 feet high• 3 additions every second, (incredibly slow by today’s standards). • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAnhFNJgNYY

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Second Generation – Transistors

• 1947 - Walter Brittain and Willaim Shockley invented the transistor at Bell Laboratories

• Replaced the vacuum tube as an electronic switch

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Third Generation – Integrated Circuits

• 1959, Jack Kirby and Robert Noyce (who later became the cofounder of Intel Corp.) developed the first integrated circuit (silicon chip or microchip).

• An integrated circuit (IC) is a system of interrelated circuits packaged together on a single sliver of silicon.

• It is a way of placing multiple (millions) transistor devices into as single, smaller device, the “microchip.”

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWVywhzuHnQ&feature=related

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Fourth Generation - Microprocessor

• A microprocessor is a Central Processing Unit (CPU) on a single chip. • 1971, Intel Corp. introduced the first microprocessor chip.

– Intel 4004• 108 kHz and contained (equivalent of) 2300 transistors

IBM Personal Computer

• On August 12, 1981, IBM released their new computer, named the IBM PC

• 2004 – IBM sells PC business to Lenovo

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Apple Computers

• 1975 – Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak starts Apple Computer

• 1984 – Apple Macintosh with Graphical User Interface (GUI)

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Laptops

• 1981 - Adam Osborne, produced the Osborne 1

• 1988 - Compaq laptop with color screen

• 2008 – Macbook Air – thinnest laptop

• 2011 – Dell XPS 15Z – thinnest Windows laptop

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Trends from 1990 to today…• Microsoft continues to update Windows

with latest version Windows called “Windows 8”

• LINUX operating system, an open source version of UNIX, is taking on MS Windows and gaining in popularity

• IBM has stopped making small computers; sold their business to Lenovo

• HP, the largest maker of PC is planning to sell their PC division

• Apple continues to be a major player in personal computers, especially for the “creative market”, iPods, iPads, iPhones, etc.

• Google has become a major player in the Internet solutions

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Trends from 1990 to today…

• Faster• Smaller• More reliable• Less

expensive• Easier to use

Fifth Generation

• Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are continuing to be in development.

• Parallel Processing is coming and showing the possibility that the power of many CPU's can be used side by side, and computers will be more powerful than those under central processing.

• The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.

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Thank You

Thank you

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