prep 2- booklet 1st term ( traveller b1)

M3T Schools Prep Stage (2), Language Section, Traveller, First Term

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Module 1 Window on the world

1 a : Vocabulary

word Definition

replicas an exact copy of an object

squeezed to press something firmly, to change its shape, reduce its size, or remove

liquid from it:

Cut the lemon in half and squeeze the juice into the bowl. marvel at to show or experience great surprise or admiration:

We paused to marvel at the view. experience Knowledge or skill from doing, seeing, or feeling things:

Do you have any experience of working with kids? (= Have you ever worked with them?)

culture The way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time: She's studying modern Japanese language and culture.

landmark a building or place that is easily recognized, especially one that you can use to judge where you are: The Eiffel Tower is one of Europe's most famous landmarks

theme park a large permanent area for public entertainment, with entertaining activities and big machines to ride on or play games on, restaurants

combine to exist together, or join together to make a single thing or group: None of us has much money so let's combine what we've got.

hold to take and keep something in your hand or arms: Can you hold the bag while I open the door?

customs the place at a port, airport, or border where travellers' bags are looked at to find out if any goods are being carried illegally

traditions beliefs, or ways of acting that people in a particular society or group have continued to follow for a long time Fireworks have long been an American tradition on the Fourth of July.

exhibition an event at which objects such as paintings are shown to the public The photographs will be on exhibition until the end of July.

benefit a helpful or good effect, or something intended to help: The discovery of oil brought many benefits to the town.

accent The way in which people in a particular area, country, or social group pronounce words: He's got a strong American accent.

awesome Causing feelings of great admiration, respect, or fear:


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An awesome challenge/task lies ahead of them. directions Instructions that you give to someone about how to find a particular

place: Can you give me directions to your house? cause The reason why something, especially something bad, happens:

The police are still trying to establish the cause of the fire. cover To put or spread something over something, or to lie on the surface of

something: The light was so bright that I had to cover my eyes. Figure out to finally understand something or someone, or find the solution to a

problem after a lot of thought: Can you figure out the answer to Q1? misunderstanding An occasion when someone does not understand something correctly:

There must be some misunderstanding. I never asked for these chairs to be delivered.

pedestrian a person who is walking, especially in an area where vehicles go: A few pedestrians carrying their evening shopping sheltered from the rain in doorways

atmosphere the mixture of gases around the earth: These factories are releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere.

questionnaire A list of questions that several people are asked so that information can be collected about something: Visitors to the country have been asked to fill in a detailed questionnaire.

interaction an occasion when two or more people or things communicate with or react to each other: There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers.

feedback information or statements of opinion about something, such as a new product, that can tell you if it is successful or liked: Have you had any feedback from customers about the new soap?

advantage a condition giving a greater chance of success: For a goalkeeper, it's a great advantage to have big hands.

disadvantage A condition or situation that causes problems, especially one which causes something or someone to be less successful than other things: One disadvantage of living in the town is the lack of safe places for children to play.

Penpal / e-pal Someone who you exchange letters with as a hobby, but usually have not met: I've got a pen pal in Australia.

blog a regular record of your thoughts, opinions, or experiences that you put on the internet for other people to read

immediate happening or done without delay or very soon after something else:


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We must make an immediate response. convenient suitable for your purposes and needs and causing the least difficulty:

A bike's a very convenient way of getting around. imports goods bought by one country from another

exports products that you sell to another country, Coffee is one of Brazil's main exports.

Mother tongue the first language that you learn when you are a baby, rather than a language learned at school or as an adult

Words easily confused

1) try on / try out try on : to put on a piece of clothing to discover if it fits you or if you like it:

- Try on the shoes to see if they fit.

Try out : to use something to discover if it works or if you like it

-We‟re going to try out that new restaurant tonight.

2) take part / take place take place : to happen

The meeting will take place next week.

take part ( in something ): to do an activity with other people

she doesn't usually take part in any class activities.

3) wait / expect wait : o stay in a place until someone or something arrives

I'm waiting for Harry.

expect : to think that something will happen

I expect that she‟ll be very angry about this.

4) foreigners / strangers foreigner : a person from another country

Foreigners need a visa to enter the country.

stranger : someone you have never met before

Mothers tell their children not to talk to strangers.

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/piece_1

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/clothing

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/discover

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/fit

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/shoe

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/see

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/fit

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/discover

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/work_1

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/try_1

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/restaurant

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/tonight

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/meeting

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/week

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/activity

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/people

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/stay_1

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/place_1

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/arrive

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/think

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/happen

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/angry

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/person

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/country

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/met


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5) habit / custom habit : something that you often do

I got into the habit of drinking coffee every morning.

custom : an action or way of behaving that is usual among the people in a particular place

custom for the bride to wear a white dress on her wedding day.

6) history / story history : events that happened in the past

The Egyptian history

story : a description of a series of real or imaginary events that people read for enjoyment

She reads stories to the children every night.

British and American English

British English

American English

rubbish garbage

petrol gas cinema movie theater

bill check holiday vacation

lift elevator

mobile phone cell phone crisps chips

autumn fall football soccer

trainers sneakers

trousers pants

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/drink_1

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/coffee

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/morning

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/event

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/happen

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/description

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/series

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/real

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/imaginary

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/event

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/people

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/read

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/enjoyment

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/read

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/children

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-arabic/night


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Grammar

Present simple & present progressive Simple Present Tense

We use the simple present tense:

1. For facts

Whales live in the ocean.

The flight from Chile to Australia is thirteen hours.

2. For repeated or regular actions

I eat breakfast at the table.

We work every day of the week.

3. For habits

I brush my teeth three times a day.

We celebrate Christmas on the twenty-fifth of December.

4. For things that are generally true in the present time period:

She is my girlfriend.

We study English.

Present Progressive Tense

We use the present progressive tense:

1. When somebody is doing something at this moment.

Sarah is changing her clothes right now.

We are learning the progressive tense in English.

2. When something is happening at this moment. When the action has started but hasn't

finished.

It is snowing at the moment.

The children are sleeping, so please be quiet.

3. To talk about something that is happening around the time of speaking but not

necessarily at that exact moment.

Alfredo is studying a lot for his exam.

We are planning a trip to Jamaica.

http://www.grammar.cl/Present/Simple.htm


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Present vs. Progressive Tense

A significant difference between these two tenses is we use the simple present tense for

things that are permanent or are in general and the present progressive tense for things

that may change or are temporary.

Compare:

Permanent Temporary

Simon lives in Birmingham. Simon is living with his friends for now.

James smokes. James is smoking in the kitchen.

We walk to work. We're walking in the park.

I speak English. I am speaking English right now.

Verbs that we don't use in the Progressive Tense

Another difference is that there are some verbs in English that we don't use in the progressive

tense. These include:

Belong - Cost - Hate - Have (possession) - Hear - Know - Like - Love - Need - Own -

Remember - Seem - Smell - Understand - Want

Direct and indirect questions

Direct questions are the “normal” questions that we can ask to friends, family members, and

people who we know well.

Example of a direct question:

“Where’s the bathroom?”

Indirect questions are a little more formal and polite. We use them when talking to a person

we don‟t know very well, or in professional situations, and their form is a little different.

Example of an indirect question:

“Could you tell me where the bathroom is?”


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Phrases for Indirect Questions

Could you tell me… Do you know… I was wondering… Do you have any idea… I’d like to know… Would it be possible… Is there any chance…

Direct and Indirect Questions in English: Examples

Direct: Where is Market Street?

Indirect: Could you tell me where Market Street is?

In indirect questions with is/are, the verb (is) comes after the subject (Market Street).

Direct What time does the bank open?

Indirect: Do you know what time the bank opens?

In indirect questions, we don‟t use the auxiliary verbs do/does/did. Also, you can see that the

verb is “open” in the direct question, and “opens” in the indirect question.


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1b Vocabulary

word Definition

influence To have an effect on

associated connected represent mean

achieve Succeed in doing something view Consider

mood the way you feel at a particular time: She's in a good/bad mood.

mourning Great sadness felt because someone has died: He was in mourning for his wife.

symbolize To represent something: The lighting of the Olympic torch symbolizes peace and friendship among the nations of the world.

death the end of life: Do you believe in life after death?

gift a present or something that is given: a birthday/wedding gift

curiosity An eager wish to know or learn about something: I'm burning with curiosity - you must tell me who's won!

positive full of hope and confidence, or giving cause for hope and confidence: a positive attitude

negative not expecting good things, or likely to consider only the bad side of a situation: a negative attitude

fabulous very good; excellent: She looked absolutely fabulous in her dress.

hectic full of activity, or very busy and fast: a hectic schedule

isolated feeling unhappy because of not seeing or talking to other people: Working at home was making her feel increasingly isolated.

schedule a list of planned activities or things to be done showing the times or dates when they are intended to happen or be done

trendy modern and influenced by the most recent fashions or ideas: trendy clothes

expenses Things that make you spend money: We need to cut down on our expenses.


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facilities the buildings, equipment, and services provided for a particular purpose: shopping facilities

volunteer a person who does something, especially helping other people, willingly and without being forced or paid to do it:

stress Great worry caused by a difficult situation, or something that causes this condition: People under a lot of stress may experience headaches.

nature all the animals, plants, rocks, etc. in the world

Opportunity A chance to do something He goes fishing at every opportunity (= as often as possible).

Lifestyle Someone’s way of living; the things that a person or particular group of people usually do: He doesn't have a very healthy lifestyle.

communication the act of communicating with people: Television is an increasingly important means of communication.

independent not influenced or controlled in any way by other people, events, or things:

crowded If a place is crowded, it is full of people: By ten o'clock the bar was crowded.

lonely Unhappy because you are not with other people: She gets lonely now that all the kids have left home.

routine a usual or fixed way of doing things: There's no set/fixed routine at work - every day is different.

exhausting making you feel extremely tired: I've had an exhausting day.

Verbs + prepositions

verb + to verb + with verb + from

refer to listen to link to belong to speak to

argue with cooperate with agree with associate with fight with

suffer from die from escape from choose from recover from


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Negative prefixes and suffixes

un-, in- and miss- are used before adjectives , adverbs and nouns to give their opposite

meaning

happiness --- unhappiness able --- unable

understanding --- misunderstanding

correct --- incorrect dependent --- independent

* The suffix –less is used after a noun to form an adjective which means without that quality.

care--- careless

harm --- harmless

phrases

avoid misunderstanding represent goodness

lead a busy life associated with mourning

relaxing lifestyle dressed in white

surf the net Special occasions

at the same time warning sign

physically alone road sign

hang out with people achieve goals

do activities recover from illness


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Grammar

past simple Forms

With most verbs the past tense is formed by adding -ed: call >> called; like >> liked; want >> wanted; work >> worked

But there are a lot of irregular past tenses in English. Here are the most common irregular

verbs in English, with their past tenses:

infinitive irregular past infinitive irregular past be begin break bring buy build choose come cost cut do draw drive eat feel find get give go have hear hold keep know leave lead

was/were began broke brought bought built chose came cost cut did drew drove ate felt found got gave went had heard held kept knew left led

let lie lose make mean meet pay put run say sell send set sit speak spend stand take teach tell think understand wear win write

let lay lost made meant met paid put ran said sold sent set sat spoke spent stood took taught told thought understood wore won wrote


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Use

We use the past tense to talk about: something that happened once in the past:

They got home very late last night.

something that happened again and again in the past: When I was a boy I walked a mile to school every day. we often use phrases with ago with the past tense: I met my wife a long time ago.

Questions and negatives We use did to make questions with the past tense: Where did you go for your holidays? We use didn’t (did not) to make negatives with the past tense: I didn’t see you yesterday.

Used to

Used to shows that: a particular thing always happened or was true in the past. But it no longer happens or is no longer true now:

Examples: She used to exercise every morning, but since she had that terrible accident she doesn't exercise anymore. Forms of used to Here are the interrogative, affirmative and negative forms of used to Did you use to exercise regularly? Yes, I used to go jogging nearly everyday. No, I didn't use to exercise on a regular basis.

Used to, be used to, get used to 1.Used to shows that a particular thing always happened or was true in the past (see examples above) 2.Be used to is used to say that something is normal, not unusual. I'm used to living alone.


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Worksheet

1. VOCABULARY

A. Complete the following sentences with a suitable preposition.

1. It‟s time for you to get ready. Mark is picking you ……… in half an hour.

2. This TV series focuses ………… the problems of teenage life.

3. In some countries black is associated ………….. mourning.

4. I would like to talk to the manager ………… person. Is he available?

5. The aim ......this music festival is to bring young people from different countries closer

together.

6. He is suffering ……… a terrible cold.

7. I am very enthusiastic ………. our two-day trip to the ski resort.

B. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals.

1. They had an argument over a slight ……………and haven‟t spoken to each other ever

since. UNDERSTAND

2. There is a growing ………….. that the government must do more to protect the

environment. AWARE

3. His ……………. made everyone feel uncomfortable.

PRESENT

4. Karen‟s……………...about everything can be really annoying.

CURIOUS

5. Eric is ………… as he has been living on his own since the age of sixteen.

DEPENDENT

6. There is a modern art at the local museum. EXHIBIT

C. Circle the correct words.

1. When is the song competition taking place / taking part?

2. When I go shopping, I always try out / try on different clothes before I decide which ones

suit me best.

3. He expected / waited to be the winner of the contest and was really disappointed when he

wasn't.

4. Learning English will allow you to communicate with strangers / foreigners that visit

your country.

5. Are there any special habits / customs in your country for New Year‟s Day?

6. The Smiths like spending their holidays at a seaside resort / region.

7. Ever since her husband died, Mrs Gordon has been feeling lonely / alone


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Worksheet D. Match the American English words with their British equivalents.

1. garbage a. lift

2. vacation b. autumn

3. elevator c. trainers

4. fall d. crisps

5. sneakers e. holiday

6. gas f. trousers

7. check g. mobile phone

8. chips h. rubbish

9. pants i. bill

10. cell phone j. petrol

Give one word for:

1- To make something happen. …………………

2- To understand something …………………

3- A person walking in a town or a city. …………………

4- The way somebody pronounces words. …………………

5- The outside part of a book, a magazine, etc. …………………

6- Not understanding a situation or somebody‟s remarks properly. …………………

7- Instructions on how somebody can get to a place. …………………

8- Terrific …………………

2. GRAMMAR

A. Complete the sentences using the Present Simple or the Present Progressive of the verbs

in brackets.

1. Bob ………….. (not like) science-fiction films.

2. We …………. (think) of going on a trip abroad next month. Would you like to join us?

3. They usually …………. (go) to work by bus but since there is a bus strike today, they

…………………(take) a taxi.

4. A: Who ………….. this house (belong) to?

B: I ……………. (not know). Probably to some famous person.

5. Peter and Tanya have been together for quite some time. they …………. (get) married

soon?


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Worksheet

B. Turn the following questions into indirect ones. 1. How can I get to the post office?

Do you know …………………………………………………….?

2. Is there a petrol station near here?

I would like to know ……………………………………………………. .

3. Why are you late?

Can you tell me …………………………………………………….?

4. Where did you put the keys?

Do you remember …………………………………………………….?

5. Is Jenny coming to the party tonight?

Could you tell me …………………………………………………….?

C. Choose a, b or c.

1. He ……………. play tennis quite often but after his knee injury he had to give it up.

a. used to b. was used to c. got used to

2. ……….. you ……….. to the cinema last night?

a. Did… use to go b. Did…go c. Were…used to going

3. I found living in a noisy city environment hard at first but now I ……………. it.

a. used to b. get used to c. am used to

4. My son .…gradually ……at his new school. As a matter of fact, he has made a few friends.

a. is… used to being b. is… getting used to being c. did… use to be

5. Mary …………. for her Science exam and she failed it.

a. didn’t study b. didn’t use to study c. wasn’t used to studying

D. Read the answers and make questions. The words in bold are the answers.

1. A :…………………………………………………….?

B: I like the black dress better.

2. A:…………………………………………………….?

B: I went to Madrid last summer.

3. A:…………………………………………………….?

B: I think the gloves are in the top drawer.

4. A:…………………………………………………….?

B: This book is Jane’s.

5. A:…………………………………………………….?

B: Jack is an old classmate of mine.


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Worksheet Read the text and decide if the statements are True, False or Not Mentioned.

Write T, F or NM.

International Beans After water, coffee is probably the most popular drink in the world. Coffee has many

positive properties that are good for your health. Drinking coffee can help reduce the chances

of getting some cancers, stomach and neurological diseases, type 2 diabetes, and even heart

disease.

Coffee has had a long and interesting history on its road to becoming the much-loved

drink that it is today. The coffee bush was first discovered in Africa in the 9th century. The

coffee berries that grow on the bushes contain coffee beans which can be made into a drink.

The recipe for this drink was passed from Africa to the Middle East, to Europe, and then to the

Americas. Even though the drink we know as coffee is well known all around the world,

most countries have their own special way of making it. „Cowboy coffee‟ is made in Finland

and Norway by mixing coffee and boiling water together in a kettle and pouring out the liquid

into a cup without the grounds. Turkish coffee is made by mixing very finely ground coffee

and sugar in a small pot with a long handle called an ibrik. The ibrik is held over a fire and

then removed when the coffee comes to the boil. The mixture is poured into a small ceramic

cup and drunk slowly, leaving the grounds at the bottom. Italians typically drink small cups of

espresso every day and usually don't even sit down when they order it; they drink it and leave.

Many people in the U.S. have an electric coffeemaker which uses a filter to separate the water

from the coffee. Hot water drips through the grounds and comes out as the drink they know

and love. There is even a way to make coffee using a roasted coconut and the milk inside it!

Whichever way you prefer your daily cup of coffee, there's no doubt about it, coffee is

something the whole world loves!

1. Coffee is the most popular drink in the world. ( )

2. Drinking too much coffee is bad for you. ( )

3. The first coffee was made in Africa. ( )

4. Coffee is always prepared in the same way. ( )

5. Italians drink espresso quickly. ( )


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EXTRA MATERIAL


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Module 2 Heroes

2 a vocabulary

word Definition brave showing no fear of dangerous or difficult things:

a brave soldier confident having confidence:

Be a bit more confident in yourself! evil morally bad, cruel, or very unpleasant:

an evil dictator guilty responsible for breaking a law:

hidden not easy to find:

honest telling the truth or able to be trusted and not likely to steal, cheat, or lie: She's completely honest.

sensible based on or acting on good judgment and practical ideas or understanding: a sensible answer/approach/compromise/option

wounded injured, especially with a cut or hole in the skin: a wounded soldier

approach to come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, quality, or amount: We could just see the train approaching in the distance.

gallop to move or act quickly:

announce To make something known or tell people about something officially: They announced the death of their mother in the local paper.

nod To move your head down and then up, to show agreement, approval, or greeting: Many people in the audience nodded in agreement.

remove to take something or someone away from somewhere, or off something: The men came to remove the rubbish from the backyard.

fussy not easily satisfied, or having very high standards about particular things: All my children were fussy eaters.

wealthy (adj.) rich: He's a very wealthy man. fear (v) an unpleasant emotion or thought that you have when you are

frightened or worried by something dangerous: Trembling with fear, she handed over the money to the gunman.

possession the fact that you have or own something: The possession of large amounts of money does not ensure happiness.


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response an answer or reaction: Responses to our advertisement have been disappointing.

trust to believe that someone is good and honest and will not harm you, or that something is safe and reliable: My sister warned me not to trust him.

block to prevent movement through something: A fallen tree is blocking the road.

luxury great comfort, especially as provided by expensive and beautiful things: to live in luxury

curious interested in learning about people or things around you: I was curious to know what would happen next.

defeat to win against someone in a fight, war, or competition: They defeated the Italian team and reached the final.

soldier a person who is in an army and wears its uniform, especially someone who fights when there is a war: Soldiers were patrolling the streets.

spectator a person who watches an activity, especially a sports event, without taking part: They won 4–0 in front of over 40,000 cheering spectators.

supporter someone who supports a particular idea, group, or person:

victory an occasion when you win a game, competition, election, war, etc. or the fact that you have won:

participant a person who takes part in or becomes involved in a particular activity She has been an active participant in the discussion.

injury physical harm or damage to someone's body caused by an accident or an attack: a head/back/knee injury

pain a feeling of physical suffering caused by injury or illness: Are you in (= suffering from) pain?

pressure the act of trying to make someone else do something by arguing, persuading, etc.: public/political pressure

risk he possibility of something bad happening: In this business, the risks and the rewards are high.

career the job or series of jobs that you do during your working life, especially if you continue to get better jobs and earn more money: He's hoping for a career in the police force/as a police officer.

responsible to have control and authority over something or someone and the duty of taking care of it, him, or her: Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office


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Phrasal verbs with on and off

Keep on Keep off

Put on Put off

take on take off

turn on turn off

Collocations with “say” and “tell”

1- say so:

2- say hello:

3- say thank you:

4- say sorry :

5- tell the time

6- tell a lie:

7- tell the truth:

8- tell a story

9- tell the difference:

10- tell a secret


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Grammar The Past progressive ( continuous ) Tense

The Past Continuous tense expresses action at a particular moment in the past. The action started before that moment but has not finished at that moment. For example, yesterday I watched a film on TV. The film started at 7pm and finished at 9pm. At 8pm yesterday, I was watching TV. When we use the Past Continuous tense, our listener usually knows or understands what time we are talking about. Look at these examples: I was working at 10pm last night. They were not playing football at 9am this morning. What were you doing at 10pm last night? What were you doing when he arrived? She was cooking when I telephoned her. We were having dinner when it started to rain. Ram went home early because it was snowing. Past Continuous + Past Simple We often use the Past Continuous tense with the Past Simple tense. We use the Past Continuous to express a long action. And we use the Past Simple to express a short action that happens in the middle of the long action. We can join the two ideas with when or while. In the following example, we have two actions: long action (watching TV), expressed with Past Continuous short action (telephoned), expressed with Past Simple We can join these two actions with when: I was watching TV when you telephoned. Notice that "when you telephoned" is also a way of defining the time (8pm). We use: when + short action (Past Simple) while + long action (Past Continuous)


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GRAMMAR What are relative clauses? A relative clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or a noun phrase. Example: The man who is smoking is the murderer The noun the man is modified by the relative clause who is smoking.

Relative Pronouns who - subject or object pronoun for people They caught the lady who killed her baby. which - subject or object pronoun I read the book which is on the table. I visited the town which you told me about. which - referring to a whole sentence They were unsuccessful which is disappointing. that - subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in restrictive relative clauses (who or which are also possible) I like the vase that is over there.

Relative adverbs where - referring to a place The restaurant where I usually have dinner is nice. when - referring to a time There are times when I feel so lonely. why - referring to a reason This is why she refused the offer.

Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun? You can distinguish subject and object pronouns as follows: If the relative pronoun is not followed by a noun or pronoun, it is a subject pronoun. Subject relative pronouns can never be omitted (dropped.) Example: The teacher who lives next door is nice. If the relative pronoun is followed by a noun or pronoun, the relative pronoun is an object pronoun. Object relative pronouns can be omitted in restrictive (defining) relative clauses. The film (which) we watched yesterday was fantastic. The writer (who/whom) we met last weekend is very famous.


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2b vocabulary

word Definition

avalanche a large amount of ice, snow, and rock falling quickly down the side of a mountain

collapse to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support: Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake.

crash n accident involving a vehicle, usually a serious one in which the vehicle is damaged or someone is hurt: a car crash

earthquake a sudden violent movement of the earth's surface, sometimes causing great damage: In 1906 an earthquake destroyed much of San Francisco.

erupt When a volcano erupts, it explodes and flames and rocks come out of it:

hurricane a violent wind that has a circular movement, especially in the West Atlantic Ocean: The state of Florida was hit by a hurricane that did serious damage.

impressive If an object or achievement is impressive, you admire or respect it, usually because it is special, important, or very large: That was an impressive performance from such a young tennis player.

incredible impossible, or very difficult, to believe: an incredible story

lava hot liquid rock that comes out of the Earth through a volcano, or the solid rock formed when it cools: molten lava

disaster great harm, damage, or death, or serious difficulty: It would be a disaster for me if I lost my job.

situation the set of things that are happening and the conditions that exist at a particular time and place: Her news put me in a difficult situation.

surface the outer or top part or layer of something: Neil Armstrong was the first person to set foot on the surface of the moon.

survive to continue to live or exist, especially after coming close to dying These plants cannot survive in very cold conditions.

Unconscious in the state of not being awake, especially as the result of a head injury: She was hit on the head by a stone and knocked unconscious.

unharmed not hurt or damaged: Both children escaped unharmed from the burning building.


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volcano a mountain with a large, circular hole at the top through which lava (= hot liquid rock) gases, steam, and dust are or have been forced out:

numb not able to feel any emotions or to think clearly, because you are so shocked or frightened, etc.: When she first heard the news, she was numb with disbelief.

entire whole or complete, with nothing missing: Between them they ate an entire cake.

bruise an injury or mark where the skin has not been broken but is darker in colour, often as a result of being hit by something: His arms and back were covered in bruises.

heroic very brave or great: a heroic act/deed

crawl to move slowly or with difficulty, especially with your body stretched out along the ground or on hands and knees: The child crawled across the floor.

myth an ancient story or set of stories, especially explaining the early history of a group of people or about natural events and facts: ancient myths

elderly polite word for old: elderly relatives/parents

innocent not guilty of a particular crime: He firmly believes that she is innocent of the crime.

valuable worth a lot of money: These antiques are extremely valuable.

panic a sudden strong feeling of fear that prevents reasonable thought and action: a state of panic

track a path or rough road that is made of soil rather than having a surface covered with stone or other material: The house is at the end of a dirt/an unmade track.

Slip to slide without intending to: She slipped on the ice.

rescue to help someone or something out of a dangerous, harmful, or unpleasant situation: The lifeboat rescued the sailors from the sinking boat.

faithful firm and not changing in your friendship with or support for a person or an organization, or in your belief in your principles: a faithful friend

brake a device that makes a vehicle go slower or stop


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Nouns and adjectives

Noun adjective

luck strength calmness power courage intelligence hero myth

lucky strong calm powerful courageous intelligent heroic mythical

* SIMILES

They are phrases which include the words as or like and are used to make comparisons

- as light as a feather

- as quiet as a mouse

- as good as gold

- as free as a bird

- as white as a sheet

- as hungry as a wolf

- as quick as lightning

- as busy as a bee

GRAMMAR THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES Monosyllabic adjectives are compared with -er, -est.

positive comparative superlative

strong stronger strongest

small smaller smallest

late later latest

nice nicer nicest


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big bigger biggest

thin thinner thinnest

fat fatter fattest

Example: London is bigger than Vienna.

Disyllabic adjectives ending with y, er, ow, le are compared with -er, -est.


easy easier easiest

happy happier happiest

clever cleverer cleverest

narrow narrower narrowest

Example: Which is the easiest exercise?

All the other adjectives are compared with more, most.


careful more careful most careful

expensive more expensive most expensive

difficult more difficult most difficult

tired more tired most tired

terrible more terrible most terrible

Which dress is more expensive? Which dress is the most expensive?

Irregular forms


good better best

bad worse worst

much more most

many more most

little less least


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Worksheet

1. VOCABULARY

A. Complete the following sentences with a suitable adjective from the box. courageous confident honest intelligent sensible

responsible unselfish patient strict guilty

1. Betty is a very …………..…..person as she always shares her things with all her friends.

2. It was really …………..…..of him to go after the burglars that had broken into his house.

3. My parents used to be very …………..…..and rarely let me stay out late at night.

4. Be …………..…..for once in your life and tell me the truth!

5. I feel …………..…..for lying to my best friend.

6. Apart from being a hardworking student, Nicole is very …………..…..too, so she gets the

best marks in class.

7. Vera feels …………..…..about her dancing abilities; that‟s why she believes she will be the

winner of the dance competition.

8. You told me that you are as hungry as a wolf, but be …………..…... Dinner will be ready

in half an hour.

9. I'm not …………..…..for this mess so don't try to blame me.

10. As my baby‟s fever didn‟t go down, I decided that the only …………..…..thing to do was

take him to hospital.

B. Choose a, b or c. 1. John and Mary ………………. that they were getting married the following

month.

a. announced b. whispered c. claimed

2. Don’t try to ……………………. that table on your own. It’s too heavy.

a. remove b. raise c. lift

3. I don’t think I can ……………………. him again after all those lies he has told

me.

a. appreciate b. trust c. fulfil

4. Some old buildings ……………………. due to the earthquake that hit our area.

a. erupted b. blew c. collapsed

5. Thieves stole two ……………………. paintings from the local art gallery.

a. valuable b. wealthy c. rewarding

6. Lots of people ……………………. at the scene of the accident.

a. searched b. gathered c. approached


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Worksheet

C. Complete the following sentences with a suitable phrasal verb. Make any necessary

changes. There are two extra phrasal verbs which you do not need to use.

turn on pick up put off turn off take on put on

take off keep off slow down go on

1. The football match was ……………… because of the bad weather conditions.

2. What's all this noise about? What is ……………… here?

3. There is a terrible storm and the police have warned drivers to ………… the roads tonight.

4. It‟s hot outside ……………… some light clothes.

5. The plane finally ……………… after a two hour delay.

6. It‟s getting dark. Will you please ……………… the lights?

7. Don‟t forget to ……………… the lights before you leave the office.

8. For the time being, I can‟t ……………… any more responsibilities as I have a busy

schedule.

2. GRAMMAR

A. Complete the sentences with the Past Simple or the Past Progressive of the verbs in

brackets.

1. My father was given a ticket because he ……………… (talk) on his mobile phone

as he ……………… (drive).

2. While I ……………… (walk), I slipped (slip) on a banana peel and ………………

(break) my leg.

3. As soon as he ……………… (hear) the strange noise, he ……………… (run)

downstairs to see what it was.

4. What ……… you ……….. (do) between nine and ten yesterday evening?

5. The teacher …………….. (notice) that we……………. (not pay) attention in class.

B. Join the following sentences using who, which, whose or where. Add commas where

necessary.

1. Tom‟s brother is a surgeon. He works in a big hospital.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

2. This dress is made of silk. It is very expensive.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Brian is my best friend. His mother is a soap opera actress.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

4. I am going to London. I am going to study Economics there.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

5. He is an author. His books have been read by thousands of people.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Mrs Braxton is a neighbour. She looks after our cat when we are away.

……………………………………………………………………………………………


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Worksheet

C. Complete the following sentences with the comparative or superlative form of the

adjectives or adverbs in brackets. Add the, than, as or and where necessary.

1. July is usually ……………….. (hot) month of the year.

2. The film we saw yesterday wasn‟t …………….(interesting) as the one we saw last week.

3. Ryan is …………….. (bad) student in class. He should really try harder.

4. It is generally believed that bungee jumping is not ……………………… (dangerous)

white water rafting. More people lose their lives while going white water rafting.

5. My son is …………….. (old) yours. They were born the same year.

6. Peter is getting ………………… (tall) every day. He takes after his father.

7. Jessica is ………………..(talented) Anna at painting. That‟s why Anna is so jealous of

her.

8. This exercise was …………………. (complicated) of all, so nobody could do it.

9. As she was late, she started walking ……………(fast) usual, so as to get to school on

time.

10. That is …………………… (fascinating) book I have ever read.

READING

Read the following and answer the questions.

Stan Lee: Heromaker Stan Lee is an American comic book creator. He has created many famous comics over the

years, and is responsible for some of the most popular superheroes that we know today. Some

of Lee's more well-known comics are: Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four, the X-Men, Iron Man,

the Hulk, Daredevil, the Avengers and Captain America.

Lee started working at Timely Comics, which he turned into his own company, Marvel

Comics, and later Marvel Entertainment. He was just 19 when he became an assistant editor

and started writing texts for Captain America. When he was 20, Lee joined the U.S. military.

There he spent most of his time writing manuals, training films, slogans, and even drawing

cartoons.

In the 1950s, Lee's main comic book competitor, DC Comics, renewed the interest in

comics, which prompted Lee to create more characters of his own. Lee created heroes that

were not perfect and had human characteristics like vanity and greed. In this first wave of new

characters, Lee introduced the world to the Fantastic Four, a group that often argued with one

another, the Incredible Hulk, a man whose temper was uncontrollable, Iron Man, a

businessman who was at times greedy and selfish, and finally, Spider-Man, a young man who

wanted to help make the world a better place, despite his own limitations. The change from

the idealistic superhero to the more realistic hero helped the average reader identify with the

characters more. Throughout his career, many of his comics have been developed into films,

and he also started his own company, Stan Lee Entertainment. He has also appeared as a


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character in many comic books, made appearances in films and TV shows and written an

autobiography. In 2007, Lee received perhaps the highest honour a comic fan could: an action

figure was created in his likeness and debuted at Comic-Con International.

1. Stan Lee first started working at

a. Marvel Comics.

b. Timely Comics.

c. Marvel Entertainment.

2. When Lee was in the military, he

a. wrote.

b. drew.

c. wrote and drew.

3. Why did Lee create many new characters?

a. He was told to.

b. To make more money.

c. To keep up with the competition.

4. What was unique about Lee's comic heroes?

a. They were all different.

b. They were more like ordinary humans.

c. They were not very heroic.

5. What hasn't Lee done during his career?

a. acted

b. directed

c. written a book


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EXTRA MATERIAL


33


34

Module 3 Work & Leisure 3a vocabulary

word Definition

willing to be happy to do something if it is needed: If you're willing to fly at night, you can get a much cheaper ticket.

bookworm a person who reads a lot

Costume the set of clothes typical of a particular country or period of history, or suitable for a particular activity:

Court a place where trials and other legal cases happen, or an area drawn out on the ground that is used for playing sports such as tennis:

Entertaining funny and enjoyable: an entertaining story/movie

goggles special glasses that fit close to the face to protect the eyes from chemicals, wind, water, etc.:

hang out to spend a lot of time in a place or with someone: You still hang out at the pool hall?

member a person, animal, or thing that is part of a group: a family member performance The action of entertaining other people by dancing, singing, acting, or

playing music: rehearsal a time when all the people involved in a play, dance, etc. practise in

order to prepare for a performance: They didn't have time for (a) rehearsal before the performance.

sociable Sociable people like to meet and spend time with other people: Rob's very sociable - he likes his parties.

sporty A sporty person enjoys sport and is good at it: Guy wasn't really the sporty type.

complain o say that something is wrong or not satisfactory: Lots of people have complained about the noise.

constantly all the time or often: He's constantly changing his mind. tend to to be likely to behave in a particular way or have a particular

characteristic: We tend to get cold winters and warm, dry summers in this part of the country.

intention something that you want and plan to do: It wasn't my intention to exclude her from the list - I just forgot her.

furious extremely angry: I was late and he was furious with me. peckish slightly hungry:


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By ten o'clock I was feeling rather peckish, even though I'd had a large breakfast.

stimulating A stimulating person makes you feel enthusiastic and full of ideas: a really stimulating teacher

creative producing or using original and unusual ideas: a creative person/artist/designer/programmer

competitive wanting very much to win or be more successful than other people: You're very competitive - it's meant to be a friendly match!

Challenging difficult, in a way that tests your ability or determination: This has been a challenging time for us all.

research a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover (new) information or reach a (new) understanding: scientific/medical research

Strong Adjectives

* very pleased = delighted

* very scared = terrified

* very angry = furious

* very tasty = delicious

* very tired = exhausted

* very surprised = amazed

Phrases with their meanings

* Where are we off to? = Where are we going?

* What’s up with you? = What’s wrong?

* grab a bite = eat something

* peckish = a little hungry

* chill out = relax

* hold on = wait

* I’m in = I agree


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GRAMMAR

Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive

irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular verbs Example: I / you / we / they have spoken he / she / it has spoken regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed Example: I / you / we / they have worked he / she / it has worked

form of 'have' + been + verb + ing Example: I / you / we / they have been speaking he / she / it has been speaking

Exceptions when adding 'ed' : when the final letter is e, only add d Example: love - loved after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example: admit - admitted final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) Example: travel - travelled after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - worried but: play - played

Exceptions when adding 'ing' : silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee) Example: come - coming aber: agree - agreeing after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example: sit - sitting after a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in British English (but not in American English). Example: travel - travelling final ie becomes y. Example: lie - lying


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USE Result or duration? Do you want to express what has happened so far or how long an action has been going on yet?

Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive Result (what / how much / how often) I have written 5 letters. / I have been to London twice.

Duration (how long) I have been writing for an hour.

Emphasis on completion I have done my homework. (Meaning: My homework is completed now.)

Emphasis on duration I have been doing my homework. (Meaning: That's how I have spent my time. It does not matter whether the homework is completed.


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3b vocabulary

word Definition

anxiety an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry about something that is happening or might happen in the future: Children normally feel a lot of anxiety about their first day at school.

appearance the way a person or thing looks to other people: a middle-aged man of smart appearance

behavior the way that someone behaves: Her behaviour is often appalling.

CV abbreviation for curriculum vitae : a short written description of your education, qualifications, previous jobs, and sometimes also your personal interests,

duty something that you have to do because it is part of your job, or something that you feel is the right thing to do: The duty of the agency is to act in the best interests of the child.

gesture a movement of the hands, arms, or head, etc. to express an idea or feeling: She made a rude gesture at the other driver.

image any picture, especially one formed by a mirror or a lens: television images of starving children

income money that is earned from doing work or received from investments: More help is needed for people on low incomes.

interview a meeting in which someone asks you questions to see if you are suitable for a job or course: a job interview

Knowledge understanding of or information about a subject that you get by experience or study, either known by one person or by people generally: Her knowledge of English grammar is very extensive.

nervous worried and anxious: Do you feel/get nervous during exams?

Preparation the things that you do or the time that you spend preparing for something: The teacher didn't seem to have done much preparation for the class.

qualifications an official record showing that you have finished a training course or have the necessary skills, etc.: You'll never get a good job if you don't have any qualifications

salary a fixed amount of money agreed every year as pay for an employee, usually paid directly into his or her bank account every month: an annual salary of £40,000


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Up-to-date modern, recent, or containing the latest information: Great trouble is taken to keep our database up to date.

genuine If something is genuine, it is real and exactly what it appears to be: genuine leather

location a place or position: The hotel is in a beautiful location overlooking the lake.

select to choose a small number of things, or to choose by making careful decisions: There was a choice of four prizes, and the winner could select one of them.

gather to collect several things, often from different places or people: I went to several libraries to gather information about the plans.

adequate enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose: Have we got adequate food for 20 guests?

ambitious having a strong wish to be successful, powerful, or rich: an ambitious young lawyer

applicant a person who formally requests something, especially a job, or to study at a college or university: How many applicants did you have for the job?

certificate an official document that states that the information on it is true: a birth/marriage/death certificate

Computer-literate able to use computers well experienced having skill or knowledge because you have done something many

times: an experienced teacher fluent When a person is fluent, they can speak a language easily, well, and

quickly: She's fluent in French. Marital status the fact of someone being married or not: Could I ask you about your

marital status? punctual arriving, doing something, or happening at the expected, correct

time; not late: a punctual start to the meeting reliable Someone or something that is reliable can be trusted or believed

because he, she, or it works or behaves well in the way you expect: Is your watch reliable?

suitable acceptable or right for someone or something: The film is suitable for children.

minimum the smallest amount or number allowed or possible: task a piece of work to be done, especially one done regularly, unwillingly,

or with difficulty:


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travel agency a company or shop that makes travel arrangements for people

Grammar Modal verbs for expressing present probability (deduction)

Some modal verbs can be used to express probability in the present and past.

Must, can't: expressing present probability

Structure: modal + verb infinitive without ‘to’ must be, can’t be, must have, can’t have, etc.

We use must to express that we feel sure that

something is true.

The team is playing really well today; they

must win.

They must be very rich – look at their big

house!

We use can't to say we are sure that

something is impossible.

She can't be so ill – I saw her playing volleyball

yesterday.

I don't believe you – it can't be true.

May, might, could: probability in the present

Structure: modal verb + verb infinitive without ‘to’ may be, might do, could go, etc.

We use may, could or might to say that it is

possible that something will happen in the

future or is happening now.

They may be arriving tomorrow.

He might be away on holiday at the moment.

He could be away on holiday.

He might get the job.

The negative of may is may not.

The negative of might is might not.

Both may not and might not mean that it is

possible that something will not happen or is

not happening now.

He might not get the job.

I may not pass the exam.

I might not go to the match tomorrow.

We don’t use could not to express probability in the present and future.

http://speakspeak.com/resources/english-grammar-rules/modal-verbs


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I couldn’t go to the match tomorrow.

Obligation and Necessity

A. Must / Must not + infinitive without to

Must is used:

1. For strong obligation imposed by the speaker. The speaker uses must to

express his/her authority.

Ex: You must be here by 8 am. (manager to employee)

2. to give strong advice.

Ex: It‟s a great film. You really must go and see it.

3. to tell oneself what is necessary.

Ex: I must remember to phone Roger.

“Must not” is used:

4. to talk about something that is not permitted.

Ex: Passengers must not smoke on the aircraft.

Ex: You mustn‟t drive without your seatbelt on in Britain.

5. to give strong advice.

Ex: You mustn‟t work to hard. You‟ll make yourself ill.

Past form

Must does not have a past form. Had to is therefore used to refer to the past.

Ex: We had to write a formal letter in the exam.


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Question form

Must is possible in question forms:

Ex: Must you wear that horrible dress?

Although “have to” is more common:

Ex: What do we have to do for homework?

B. Have to / Don’t have to:

“Have to” is used to refer to strong obligations imposed by another person rather than by the

speaker or writer.

Ex: I have to be at work by 8 o‟clock. The boss will get angry if I‟m late. (employee to a

friend)

“Don’t have to” expresses a lack of obligation.

Ex: I‟m glad I don‟t have to wear a suit. It‟s so hot today.

C. Need to / Don’t need to / needn’t

“Need to” is used to express necessity.

Ex: Can we go to the baker‟s next? I need to get some bread.

Don‟t need to / needn‟t express a lack of necessity.

Ex: We don‟t need to / needn‟t leave yet. It‟s only 2 o‟clock.


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Expressions with do and make

Do Make well business my best a favour shopping homework

money noise a decision an excuse mistakes plans


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Worksheet

1. VOCABULARY

A. Match the two columns.

1. interesting a. exhausted

2. big b. huge

3. angry c. terrified

4. scared d. delighted

5. pleased e. delicious

6. tired f. fascinating

7. surprised g. amazed

8. tasty h. furious

B. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals.

1. Brian is going to take care of all the travel …………….….. . ARRANGE

2. You can always depend on Ann as she is very……………… . RELY

3. The ………………. was brilliant and everyone applauded in the end. PERFORM

4. I can‟t stand Victor any more. He is ….......….. complaining about everything!

CONSTANT

5. …………. help was offered to the athlete after his serious injury during the match.

MEDICINE

6. None of the …………….had the necessary qualifications for the job. APPLY

C. Complete the sentences with a suitable word from the box. Make any necessary changes.

complain provide select include gather enclose rehearse

1. Once I have…………. enough information for my science project, I‟ll start writing it.

2. The company will …………..the candidate with the most experience.

3. I‟ve…………….to my next door neighbours about the noise they're making but they

justwon‟t stop.

4. Does the price of the hotel room …………… breakfast as well?

5. For the past week, she has been …………… for the school play they are putting on.

6. The government should ………………. the poor with food and accommodation.

7. Don‟t forget to …………………. a CV with your letter of application.


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Worksheet

D. Choose a, b or c.

1. Football is a very ……………………. sport.

a. relaxed b. creative c. competitive

2. It took me a long time to complete the ………………… the teacher gave me.

a. responsibility b. duty c. Task

3. I'm worried about my son as his ……………… at school has become worse lately.

a. facial expression b. gesture c. behaviour

4. Luke is a very ………………. person and never makes a mess.

a. confident b. ambitious c. neat

5. Helping out people who are in need is a experience.

a. challenging b. rewarding c. stimulating

6. ………………… to this natural beauty spot is only possible by car.

a. Search b. Access c. Research

A. Complete the sentences with the Past Simple, Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect

Progressive of the verbs in brackets.

1. I …………………… (work) all day and I feel exhausted.

2. A: ………… you ……………. (ever / travel) to Italy?

B: Actually, I …………….. (go) to Rome last summer. It is an amazing city.

3. Susan ……………. (want) to become an actress ever since she (be) a little child.

4. A: How long ……… your sister …………. (learn) Chinese?

B: For three years. It is an interesting language.

5. This is one of the best films I ………………. (ever / see).


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Worksheet

B. Choose the correct answer.

1. You mustn’t / don’t have to pick me up from the airport. I can take a taxi.

2. We had better / would rather put on warm clothes. It‟s very cold outside.

3. I have to / need be at work at 8am every morning.

4. You can’t / must be tired after such a long journey.

5. Need you / Do you need to wake up so early tomorrow?

6. You needn’t / don’t have worry about me, Mum. I‟m not a baby any more!

C. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using

the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words,

including the word given.

1. He tried as hard as he could to win the tennis match but he didn‟t succeed. BEST

He ……………………….. to win the tennis match but he didn‟t succeed.

2. It isn‟t necessary to wear formal clothes at the ceremony. HAVE

You ……………….. formal clothes at the ceremony.

3. He can't be at home as he is not picking up the phone. BE

He is not picking up the phone, so ………………… out.

4. If you want to become a successful athlete you must train hard. TO

You ………………… if you want to become a successful athlete.

5. You should avoid eating fatty food in order to keep fit. HAD

You ………………. eating fatty food in order to keep fit.

6. Harry started surfing in 2005. SINCE

Harry ………………………………2005.


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Worksheet

Read the following statements and decide which one applies to each person.

Write S for Shirley, D for Daniel, P for Pam or Z for Zack. Shirley

Daniel

Pam

Zack

When I got my first job, there weren't many choices available for women. At the time, girls

were expected to stay at home and help raise the children and take care of the house. So the

only job that was available for me then was as a waitress at a local restaurant. My parents knew

the owner, so he agreed to let me work there a couple nights a week. I started working there

when I was 16. My parents thought I was too young, but I was really excited to get out of the

house and make my own money. It was a good job, and I had a really nice boss. Plus, it was

fun, because all my friends from high school would come in the evenings and I was able to

hang out with people I knew while I worked. It was the perfect job!

I spent a lot of time in my dad's dental office as a child. Even when I was very young, I

understood how things worked there and I helped out whenever I could. So, everyone knew

that someday I would follow in my father's footsteps and take over the family business. After

I got my degree in Dentistry, I started working in my dad's practice as his partner until he

retired a few years later. I learnt a lot from my dad and from watching him in surgery. I learnt

how to love my job and be really good at it. I'm glad I didn't have to go to a bunch of

interviews. Now, my son helps out at the office and it seems he has already decided on his

future career. What can I say? Dentistry runs in our blood.

My first job in the „real world,‟ was really hard to get. I don't know what the problem was; I

mean I had my Master's degree and all the necessary qualifications and I was hard working.

Still, no one wanted to hire me. Maybe it's because I had so little real-world experience. I went

to at least three job interviews every week for more than six months. It was a lot of driving

around for nothing and it was very tiring. Not having a job for that long was really stressful,

because I kept eating away at my savings so I could pay rent and bills. Eventually, I did

manage to find a job with a good company. My salary was a lot more than I expected, so I

guess in the end, the wait finally paid off

I consider myself pretty lucky when it comes to my life. I'm 22, I've just graduated from university,

and I already have a great job. I design websites. It's funny, actually. The day I got my degree, I put

my CV on Monster.com, and within a few hours, I had a few companies interested in me. I decided

on one and we had a brief phone interview and that was that. I e-mailed them my portfolio, they

liked what they saw and hired me. They didn't even need to meet me! The best part is I can work

from home and they pay my salary right into my bank account and I never even have to leave my

house. The only problem is I still live with my parents. So it's really time I did something about that.

I'm tired of my friends making fun of me for my mum still cooking for me and doing my laundry!

But hey, with this great new job, now I can afford to live on my own.


48

1. This person still depends on other people. ( )

2. This person did something that was not very common at the time. ( )

3. This person started working in high school. ( )

4. This person didn't have to have an interview. ( )

5. This person had to wait a long time to get a job. ( )

6. This person got a job through the Internet. ( )

7. This person's lack of experience might have been the reason they couldn't get a job. ( )

8. This person improved by working with someone else. ( )


49

EXTRA MATERIAL


51

GRAMMAR


51

prep 2- booklet 1st term ( traveller b1)

Documents

particular area

particular group of

particular place

particular time

particular society

language section

social group

m3t schools prep stage