Preliminary Design:SPARROW

AE 420-02Professor J Martin

Dordick, Jacob ○ Hassan, Mahnoor ○ Kowolchuk, Robert ○ Lutz, Kurtis ○ Orren, Charlotte ○ White, Zack

3 December 2014

SPARROW

Introduction Mission Requirements Cost Analysis Design Weight and Balance Drag Analysis Performance Analysis Stability and Control Ongoing Issues and Future work Conclusion

Mission Requirements

Requirement Outcome

Wing Placement Low Wing

Engine Placement Tractor- Mounted on Wings

Landing Gear Tricycle-retractable

IFR Design yes

FAR 23 - C normal category standards

yes

6 passengers total + 120 lbs baggage

yes

2 gallons unusable fuel per engine yes

45 minutes excess fuel yes

T-Hanger with 6” clearance yes

4 hours mission time Yes-- 3 hours 50 minutes

Cost Analysis: Production Eastlake Method (General Aviation Aircraft Design:Applied

Methods and Procedures) Total Hours and employees required (5 years)

Description Value UnitsEngineering hours 183,719.6 hours

Tooling hours 141,641.7 hoursManufacturing hours 1,398,511.4 hours

Description Value UnitsEngineering Employees 19 employees

Tooling Employees 15 employeesManufacturing Employees 140 employees

Cost Analysis: Total Total Cost Breakdown with Quantitative Discount Factor (600 Units)

Description Value Units

Engineering cost $35,442,227.91 dollars

Development support cost $11,102,832.47 dollars

Flight test cost $7,896,836.95 dollars

Tooling cost $18,117,521.81 dollars

Manufacturing labor cost $72,559,419.14 dollars

Quality Control cost $20,205,190.53 dollars

Materials and Equipment cost $20,951,909.82 dollars

Engines, Props, and Avionics cost $125,081,520.00 dollars

Insurance cost $58,090,020.00 dollars

Total Production Cost $449,335,824.00 dollars

$748,893.04 per unit

Cost Analysis: Break Even

Break-Even Point analysis

Determined Selling Price: $1,000,000.00 Time to Break even: 2.33 years

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 16000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

$ 700k$ 800k$ 900k$ 1000kproduction cost

Units Sold

Tota

l Rev

enue

and

Pro

duct

ion

Cos

t ($

mill

ions

)

289 aircraft to break even

480 aircraft to break even

1420 aircraft to break even

Cost Analysis:Ownership Annual Cost of ownership (300 flight hours/year) 15 Year Loan @ 8.5% APR

Cost Category Value Units

Maintenance $1,260.00 Dollars

Storage $3,000.00 Dollars

Fuel (annual) $54,240.00 Dollars

Insurance (annual) $1,965.23 Dollars

Inspection (annual) $500.00 Dollars

Engine Overhaul $3000.00 Dollars

Loan Amount $1,000,000.00 Dollars

Interest Rate APR 8.50% Percent

Annual Loan Payment $118,168.75 Dollars

Total Annual Cost $182,133.97 Dollars

Hourly Cost $607.11 Dollars

Hourly Cost without loan $213.22 Dollars

Marketing Strategy

Air-International magazine Allows for greater market visibility than

only US market 5 year full-page adverts $40,000 contract

Beech Baron 58

Retail Cost: $1.35 million Operation Cost: $68,172.00 Cost/hour: $227.34

SPARROW

Retail Cost: $1.00 million Operation Cost: $63,966.00 Cost/hour: $213.22

Comparison

Design (3-VIEW)

Design (3-VIEW)

Design Initial design revised to

reduce drag Twin Vertical tail to ensure

dynamic stability in EO takeoff

Blended wings and HT Fully retractable landing

gear Main landing gear on aft

spar

Wing is made transparent to show landing gear storage

Design: Club Seating

Design: Fuel Tanks

Fuel Tanks are located between the forward and aft spars in the wings

Fuel Tanks

Tanks are located immediately outboard of the landing gear wheelhouse

Weight and Balance Fuel remaining after Mission : 280 lb

Description Symbol Value UnitsDesign Gross Weight W0

6404.0 lb

Projected Empty Weight We4044.0 lb

Design Fuel Weight Wf1200.0 lb

Crew Weight Wc190.0 lb

Payload Wp970.0 lb

Projected Useful Load Wu2360.0 lb

Wing Loading W/S 28.1

Weight and Balance

Weight and Balance

Weight and Balance

Aerodynamic Center located at 38.4% MGC at Cruise CG limits are 30.8% MGC and 39.2% MGC

Drag Analysis: Drag Polar

CD : Takeoff = 0.09648 Cruise = 0.03142 Landing = 0.10898

Performance: General

Category Value UnitsEndurance 6:48 Hours:minutesRange 1550 Nautical milesStall Speed 72 KTASTake-off Speed 73.2 KTASTake-off Distance 1712 ftCruise Speed 198 KTASMax Speed 218 KTASROD 634 FpmLanding Distance 2,265 ftMission Flight Time 3:50 Hours:minutes

Performance: Mission Engine: Lycoming L/TIO-540-W2A Mission Completion Time: 3:50 Cruise Altitude: 7000'

Mission Breakdown 9 minute climb to 7000' altitude 3 hours 6 minutes at cruise 10 minutes to descend to 1000' 2 minute to climb back to 3000' 4 minutes from DCA to BWI 5 minute descent into BWI (+5 minutes loiter)

Performance: Climb

Max ROC:1749 fpm

ROC speed:116 KTAS

Performance: Cruise

Cruise Speed:198 KTAS Cruise Speed

with padding:194 KTAS

Performance: Max Speed

Max Speed:

218 KTAS Max Speed

with padding:

214 KTAS

Performance: Descent

Min ROD:634 fpm

ROD speed:96 KTAS

Performance: Endurance

% Throttle Airspeed (KTAS) Range* (N. Mi.) Endurance (hours:minutes)

100 % 218 1459 5:49

75 % 198 1550 6:48

40 % 156 1672 9:18

*Assuming Constant Altitude and Airspeed

Range: Global

Displaying maximum range at 75% throttle

Range: US and Europe

Displaying maximum range at 75% throttle

Departures from LAX, DAB Departure from London, Heathrow (LHR)

Stability and Control

Calculations for Stability and Control computed with SURFACES model and verified with hand-calculation

Important Stability Derivatives:

Very Stable aircraft to account for engine out case at takeoff

Stability and Control

Derivative Value

CMCL -0.1352

CyB -0.83897

ClB -0.002004

CnB 0.003895

Stability and Control

Short Period Oscillation STABLE Damping Ratio: 0.58 Period: 1.19 sec/cycle

Phugoid STABLE Damping Ratio: 0.178 Period: 56.97 sec/cycle

Stability and Control

Dutch Roll STABLE Damping Ratio: 0.170 Period: 1.29 sec/cycle

Roll STABLE Time to Half: 0.08 seconds

Stability and Control

STABLE Time to Half: 85.1 seconds

Ongoing Issue and Future Work

Work on control surfaces to decrease stall speed

Detailed structural design and wind tunnel testing

Conclusion

Viable cross-country option as a private passenger plane

Competitive with Beechcraft Baron 58 Exceeds Mission Requirements

4 months of hard work

Questions?