PREGNANCY

Female Reproductive System1. Vagina/Birth Canal – female sex organ, passageway for the baby

during birth.

2. Uterus - muscular organ, houses developing fetus, stretches over 40 weeks. Lining of uterus is called Endometrium – this sheds each month when a girl menstruates.

3. Cervix – opening from birth canal to the uterus. This will dilate (open) to 10cm prior to birth.

4. Fallopian Tubes – “tunnel of love” – egg and sperm unite in fallopian tube (conception/fertilization)

5. Ovary(ies) – Eggs are stored here, released from here once a month beginning in puberty. Females hormones are also produced here.

6. Fimbre – hairlike structure that helps move the mature egg out of the ovary and into the fallopian tube.

*Draw Cilia – tiny hairs that help the egg move along once inside the fallopian tubes.

Uterus

Ovary

Fallopian Tubes

Fimbre

Cervix

Vagina – Birth Canal

Male Reproductive System1. Penis – male sex organ

2. Urethra – Tube that semen and urine travels through

3. Prostate Gland – produces fluid which makes up part of the semen, helping the sperm travel.

4. Vas Deferens – Sperm highway – sperm travel from the epididymis to the urethra.

5. Bladder – holds urine

6. Seminal Vesicle – produces fluid –which is part of the semen.. This fluid is high in carbohydrates/sugar and provides nutrition and energy for the sperm.

7. Cowpers Gland – produces the first fluid – part of the semen, which neutralizes or cleans out the urethra prior to ejaculation.

8. Epididymus – holds mature sperm.

9. Testes – where sperm are produced, also where testosterone is produced

10.Scrotum – surrounds and protects the sperm. Keeps it at a good temperature – lower than body temperature.

Prostate Gland

Penis

Urethra

Signs of Pregnancy

• Missed Period• Nausea• Tender Breasts• Frequent Urination• Weight Gain • Really Tired (fatigue)

A pregnant woman’s nausea and frequent urination is caused by changing Hormones and extra

Pressure at the bladder.

Vocabulary Words• Ovum: a mature female reproductive cell (THE EGG CELL)

• Sperm: a cell that is produced by the male sexual organs and that combines with the female's egg in reproduction

• Conception: When the sperm and the egg unite, also knows as fertilization.

• Prenatal: The baby’s development during the time before birth

• Zygote: Fertilized egg at conception - called zygote for first two weeks

• Embryo: From 2-8 weeks the developing baby is called an Embryo. Most critical time of development - all baby systems are developing.

• Fetus: 9 weeks + medical term for the developing baby. During this time the baby is maturing and growing since all body systems were developed in the embryonic stage

• Endometrium: uterine lining, thick layer of tissue rich with blood vessels, placenta will develop out of this where developing baby implants - or lining will be shed as menstruation each month

• Implantation: Implantation is the process that involves attachment of the embryo to the lining of the uterus - embedding into the endometrial lining.

• Placenta: The tissue connecting the fetus to the uterus. Nourishment and oxygen from the mothers bloodstream are carried from the placenta to the baby through the umbilical cord.

• Amniotic Sac: Sac surrounds and protects the baby until birth

• Amniotic Fluid: Fluid inside the sac that acts as cushion for the fetus

• Umbilical Cord: Carries oxygen, nutrients and antibodies to the growing baby.

• Identical Twins– One egg fertilized by one sperm, which splits.

These two share the same genetic material.

• Fraternal Twins– Two eggs released at the same time, each is

fertilized by a different sperm.

• Conjoined Twins– The split of an egg is not complete and the

twins develop with one or more areas of their body joined together.

• Do not take any medication unless approved by your doctor. This includes over-the-counter drugs.

• No drugs or alcohol. These have a tremendous effect on the baby.

Important to know during pregnancy:

• No X-rays. Radiation can interfere with cell division and organ development.

• No saunas and hot tubs. The high and prolonged temperatures can be harmful to the fetus.

• Take Prenatal Vitamins as soon as you find out you are pregnant!

Important to know during pregnancy:

There are some common discomforts many women experience during the

third trimester:

• Heartburn is caused by the large size of the baby and the stomach being pushed up. Usually cutting down on the size of meals will help with this problem. Also, avoiding spicy or greasy foods.

• Shortness of breath is due to the size and activity of the baby. Taking deep breaths is a difficult task. Before delivery the baby “drops,” making breathing easier.

• Some women experience heart palpitations. The body volume has increased and sometimes the heart has to work overtime. However, the heart can stand the strain.

Pregnant women should avoid changing Cat Liter or gardening without gloves, to avoid exposure to toxoplasmosis--an

infection caused by organisms present in

animal waste.

Weight Gain During Pregnancy• Baby 7.5 pounds

• Uterus 2 pounds

• Placenta 1/5 pounds

• Amniotic Sac 2pounds

• Increased Blood 3.5 pounds

• Increased Breast tissue 1.5 pounds

• Increased fat and protein stores 4 pounds

• Increased fluid retention 4 pounds

• AVERAGE WEIGHT GAIN OF 25-35 POUNDS

• 1-3 months – average gain of 5 pounds

• 4-8 months – average gain of 2-3 pounds a week

• 9th month – about 1 pound a week.

After delivery, the woman does not return to “normal” – the average size of the woman following delivery is about the size she was at 5-7 months of pregnancy.

Prenatal Testing

• Ultrasound– Uses sound waves that bounce off internal

structure, it allows pictures of the baby to be seen without using an X Ray• What are they used for?

To date the pregnancyTo determine the condition of the fetus

•How an Ultrasound Works - YouTube

• weeks 3D Ultrasound 4D Ultrasound –YouTube

• My baby ultrasound 13 weeks -YouTube16-17 weeks pregnant

• Amniocentesis (done only if specific concern is seen)– A needle is inserted

through the abdominal wall and into the uterus and a small amount of fluid is withdrawn.

When is it done??• If mother is over age 35• To determine if the fetus has

Downs Syndrome• If the couple has had chromosomal

abnormalities in the past• If complications are suspectedhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAXABDawDiw