preface - national institute of engineering · preface dear students, ... 2. one full question each...

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PREFACE

Dear Students,

From the academic year 2014-15 there is a slight

change in the syllabus structure and question paper pattern.

This change is due to the philosophy of Outcome Based

Education and requirement as per the National Board of

Accreditation (NBA), Government of India, New Delhi.

Sixteen countries including New Zealand, Australia,

Singapore, Russia and India are the signatories of the

Washington Accord, which has come out with the new

process of accreditation. This would enable every institution,

including NIE to attain high standards of technical education

in the respective countries and to create level playing

ground. The outcome based education is one of the

important components of NBA.

NIE is making sincere efforts in meeting the global

standards through new formats of NBA and timely World

Bank-MHRD initiative TEQIP (Technical Education Quality

Improvement Program). Efforts are being made to revise the

syllabi regularly to meet the challenges of the current

technical education.

Dr. B. K. Sridhara July 2014

Dean (Academic Affairs)

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BLUEPRINT OF SYLLABUS STRUCTURE AND

QUESTION PAPER PATTERN

(to be effective from the odd semester of the academic year

2014-15 for all semester students)

Blue Print of Syllabus Structure

1. Complete syllabus is prescribed in SIX units as Unit 1, Unit 2,

etc.

2. In each unit there is one topic under the heading “Self

Learning Exercises” (SLE). These are the topics to be learnt

by the student on their own under the guidance of the course

instructors. Course instructors will inform the students about

the depth to which SLE components are to be studied. Thus

there will be six topics in the complete syllabus which will carry

questions with a weightage of 10% in SEE only. No questions

will be asked on SLE components in CIE.

Blue Print of Question Paper

1. Question paper will have seven full questions.

2. One full question each of 15 marks (Question No 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

and 6) will be set from each unit of the syllabus. Out of these

six questions, two questions will have internal choice from the

same unit. The unit in which choice is to be given is left to the

discretion of the course instructor.

3. Question No 7 will be set for 10 marks only on those topics

prescribed as “Self Learning Exercises”.

Dr. B. K. Sridhara July 2014

Dean (Academic Affairs)

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Computer Applications to Power System Studies (4-0-0)

Sub Code : EE0419 CIE : 50% Marks

Hrs/Week : 04 SEE : 50% Marks

SEE Hrs : 03 Max. Marks : 100

Course Outcomes

On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Represent a power system network using the concept of graph theory and define matrices related to it.

2. Formulate load flow problem of a power system network and solve the same using different methods.

3. Analyse and solve economic generation scheduling. 4. Understand and explain the concept of state estimation using different methods. 5. Understand and explain the concepts of DSM, ABT,

Smart Grid, Distributed generation, Distribution automation.

UNIT 1 6 Hrs

NETWORK TOPOLOGY: Introduction, Elementary graph theory –

oriented graph, tree, co-tree, basic cut-sets, basic loops; Incidence

matrices – Element-node, Bus incidence, branch path, Basic cut-

set, Augmented cut-set, basic loop, Augmented loop, problems.

SLE: Primitive networks – impedance form and admittance form. UNIT 2 8 Hrs

NETWORK MATRICES: Introduction, Formation of YBUS matrix by method of inspection (including transformer off-nominal tap setting) and method of singular transformation, Formation of Bus Impedance matrix by step by step building algorithm, problems.

SLE: Modification of bus impedance matrix. UNIT 3 12 Hrs

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LOAD FLOW STUDIES: Introduction, Power flow equations, Classification of buses, Operating constraints, Data for load flow, Gauss - Seidal Method – Algorithm and flow chart for PQ and PV buses (numerical problems for two/three iterations), Acceleration of convergence; Newton Raphson Method – Algorithm and flow chart for NR method in polar coordinates (numerical problem for one iteration only). Fast Decoupled load flow method.

SLE: Comparison of Load Flow Methods. UNIT 4 9 Hrs

ECONOMIC OPERATION OF POWER SYSTEMS: Introduction, Generator operating cost, Performance curves, Economic dispatch neglecting losses, Economic dispatch including generator limits (Neglecting losses), Economic dispatch including losses, problems.

SLE: Basics of unit commitment.

UNIT 5 9 Hrs

INTRODUCTION TO STATE ESTIMATION OF POWER SYSTEMS: Introduction, Linear least squares Estimation, DC state estimator, Non-linear measurements, AC state estimator, other issues in state estimation.

SLE: Bad data detection. UNIT 6 8 Hrs

RECENT TRENDS IN POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL: Demand-side management, Smart grid, Distributed generation, Distribution automation.

SLE: Availability-based tariff. TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Computer Methods in Power System Analysis”, Stag, G. W., and EI-Abiad, A. H.- McGraw Hill International Student Edition. 1968.

2. “Modern Power System Analysis”, Nagrath, I. J and Kothari, D. P, TMH, 3

rd Edition, 2003.

3. “Power System Operation and control”, Dr.K. Uma Rao, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., Ist edition 2013

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REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Computer Techniques in Power System Analysis”, Pai, M. A- TMH, 2

nd edition, 2006.

2. “Advanced Power System Analysis and Dynamic”s, Singh, L. P, New Age International (P) Ltd, New Delhi, 2001.

3. “Computer Aided Power System Operations and Analysis”- Dhar, R. N, TMH, 1984.

4. “Power System Analysis”, Haadi Sadat, TMH, 2nd

Edition, 12

th reprint, 2007

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Power Distribution Planning and Control (4-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Define and describe the distribution system components. 2. Explain the present techniques of power distribution planning methods. 3. Explain the substation and the feeder configuration types. 4. Analyse the distribution feeders primary and secondary systems. 5. Explain the operations and controls of distribution systems. 6. Explain the distributed generation principles.

UNIT 1 8 Hrs

Distribution System Planning & Automation: Introduction, Distribution system planning factors affecting system planning, Present technique, Role of computers in distribution planning, Distribution Automation, SCADA, local energy control center, Typical control applications.

SLE: SCADA architectures, Security issues, Remote terminal units, Data acquisition, Communication infrastructure and methods UNIT 2 8 Hrs

Distribution Substation: Introduction; Load characteristics,

substation location, Rating a distribution substation, sub station

services area with „n‟ primary feeders, derivation of K constant,

substation Application curves, present voltage drop formula.

SLE: Comparison of four and six feeder patterns.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCADA#Security_issues

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UNIT 3

Primary and secondary distribution systems: Introduction,

feeder types and voltage levels, feeder loading rectangular type

development, radial type development application of the A,B,C,D

general circuit constants to radial feeders. Secondary banking,

feeder control equipment.

SLE: Distribution network configurations, Earthing systems, Sparing Transformer, Spot Network, Protection of Distribution Feeders UNIT 4 9 Hrs

Application of capacitors in Distribution System: Introduction, Power capacitors series, shunt P.F. Correction , economic P-F . Applications of capacitors of installation, types of control, economic justification, practical procedure to determine the best location, mathematical procedure for optimum-allocation, Dynamic behavior of distribution system.

SLE: Importance of power factor in distribution systems, Capacitor switching, harmonic concerns, effect capacitor bank in distribution side to power quality UNIT 5 9 Hrs

Artificial Intelligence Methodologies in Distribution System Operation & Control: Introduction, Expert system, Knowledge based system, simulated annealing technique for loss minimization and voltage control. Knowledge base methodologies for system reconfiguration and service restoration.

SLE: Applications of artificial intelligence, inference engine, The

annealing schedule

UNIT 6 8 Hrs

Decentralization and restructuring of power system: Introduction to distributed generation and control, fuel cell, wind mill, micro turbine, voltage stability analysis of distributed generation.

SLE: Types of distributed energy resources, Integration with the

grid, Microgrid, Communication in DER systems

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TEXT BOOKS:

1. TuranGonen, “Electric Power Distribution System Engineering”, McGraw Hill

2. A.S,Pabla, “Electric Power Distribution System”, Second Edition, TMH.

3. James Northcote Green, “ Control and Automation of Distribution”, CRC press

4. V. Kamaraju, “Electrical power distribution systems” TMH New Delhi.

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Advanced Control Systems (4-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Describe the concepts of state space representation and its advantages over traditional models.

2. Discuss the various canonical structures of state space representation.

3. Describe the various methods of computing state- transition matrix and state space solutions.

4. Discuss the concept of controllability and observability of control systems.

5. Explain the concept of design by pole placement.

6. Discuss Liapunov‟s contribution to the stability analysis. Unit 1 8 Hrs

Concept of state, State variables and state model, State model of linear systems, Linearization of state equations, State models for linear continuous-time systems, State space representation using physical variables, State space representation using phase variables.

SLE: Derivation of transfer function from state model Unit 2 8 Hrs

State-space representation in canonical forms, Controllable canonical form, Observable canonical form, Diagonal canonical form, Jordan canonical form, Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, Generalized Eigenvectors, Diagonalization.

SLE: Invariance of eigenvalues

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Unit 3 9 Hrs

Solution of homogeneous state equations, Matrix exponential, Laplace transform approach to solution of homogeneous state equation, State-transition matrix, Properties of state transition matrix, Computation of state transition matrix using Laplace transformation, power series and modal matrix, Solution of nonhomogeneous state equations.

SLE: Computation of state transition matrix using Cayley-

Hamilton theorem

Unit 4 8 Hrs

Complete controllability of continuous-time systems (due to Kalman), Alternative form of the condition for complete state controllability (due to Gilbert), Condition for complete state controllability in the s-plane, Output controllability, Complete observability of continuous-time systems(due to Kalman), Alternative form of the condition for complete observability (due to Kalman).

SLE: Principle of duality

Unit 5 9 Hrs

Design by pole placement, Necessary and sufficient condition for arbitrary pole placement, Design steps for placement, Direct substitution approach to obtain state feedback gain matrix, Ackermann‟s formula, State observers, Full-order state observer, Dual problem, design of full-order state observers, Direct substitution approach to obtain state observer gain matrix, Ackermann‟s formula, Comments on selecting the best observer gain matrix, Transfer function for the controller-observer.

SLE: Effect of addition of the observer on a closed-loop system

Unit 6 8 Hrs

Second method of Liapunov, Definition of system and equilibrium state, Stability in the sense of Liapunov, Definition of asymptotic stability, asymptotic stability in the large, instability, Graphical representation of stability, asymptotic stability and instability, Sign definiteness of scalar functions, Quadratic form, Liapunov‟s main stability theorem, Liapunov stability analysis of LTI systems.

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SLE: Krasovskii‟s method

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Control Systems Engineering”, I. J. Nagrath & M. Gopal, - 5

th Edition, New Age International (P) Ltd.

2. “ Modern Control Engineering”, Katsuhiko Ogata - 3rd

Edition, Prentice Hall of India

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “ Control System Analysis and Design”, A.K.Tripathi & Dinesh Chandra, New AgeInternational Publishers.

2. “Modern Control Engineering”, Dr.K.P.Mohandas, sanguine Technical Publishers, India

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Flexible AC Transmission Systems (3-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Analyse the performance of uncompensated and series compensated transmission lines.

2. Analyse the performance of a shunt compensated line and discuss the basics of FACTS technology.

3. Analyse the working of SVC and discuss its applications.

4. Explain the basic principle of working of STATCOM and discuss its applications.

5. Discuss basic concepts of controlled series compensation, operation and applications of TCSC.

6. Explain the operation, control schemes and applications of SSSC.

UNIT 1 6 Hrs

Basics of power transmission networks, Control of power flow in AC transmission line, Analysis of uncompensated AC line, Passive power compensation, Objectives of series compensation, Compensation by a series capacitor connected at the mid point of the line.

SLE: Comparison between passive and active capacitor

UNIT 2 7 Hrs

Objectives of shunt compensation, Shunt compensation connected

at the mid point of the line, Comparison between series and shunt

capacitor, Advances in Power-Electronics switching devices,

FACTS – terms and definitions, Applications of FACTS controllers.

SLE: Principles and applications of Semiconductor switches

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UNIT 3 7 Hrs

Analysis of SVC, Configuration of SVC, SVC controller, Supplementary modulation controller, Protective functions of SVC control, Applications of SVC.

SLE: Susceptance regulator UNIT 4 7 Hrs

Principle of operation of STATCOM, Control characteristics of STATCOM, Simplified analysis of a three phase six pulse STATCOM, Applications of STATCOM.

SLE: Comparison between STATCOM and SVC UNIT 5 6 Hrs

Introduction, Basic concepts of controlled series compensation, Operation of TCSC, Analysis of TCSC,

SLE: Applications of TCSC UNIT 6 7 Hrs

Introduction, Operation of SSSC and the control of power flow, Comparison between variable series compensation and SSSC, Power flow control characteristics, Applications of SSSC.

SLE: Control scheme for SSSC TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Reactive Power Control in Electrical Systems”, T.J.E Miller, John Wiley Publications.

2. “FACTS Controllers in Power Transmission and Distribution”, K.R.Padiyar, New-Age International Publishers.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Understanding FACTS”, N.G.Hingorani and L.Gyugyi, IEEE Press.

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2. “ Thyristor based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems”, R. Mohan Mathur and Rajiv K.Verma, IEEE Press.

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Power System Simulation Lab (0-0-3)

Sub Code : EE 0109 Max. Marks : 50

Hrs/Week : 03 Hrs.

Course Outcomes


1. Formulate Y-Bus and determine Bus currents and line currents

2. Determine the transmission line parameters

3. Perform the transient stability analysis

4. Perform load flow studies using numerical methods

1. a) Y Bus formation for power systems by inspection method.

b) Y-Bus formation by singular transformation method

c) Determination of bus currents, bus power and line flow for a system with a given voltage (Bus) Profile.

2. ABCD parameters: Formation for symmetric Π and T- configuration. Verification of AD-BC=1 Determination of efficiency and regulation.

3. Obtaining power angle characteristics for salient and non-salient pole synchronous machines and determination of reluctance power and voltage regulation.

4. To obtain i) Swing curve iiI) critical clearing time for a single m/c connected to infinite bus.

5. Formation of Jacobian for a system not exceeding 4 buses (no PV buses) in polar coordinates.

6. Program to perform load flow using Gauss- Seidel method (only PQ bus).

7. To determine fault currents and voltages in a single transmission line systems with star-delta transformers at a specified location for SLGF, DLGF.

8. Load flow analysis using Gauss Siedel method, NR method and Fast decoupled load flow method.

9. Optimal Generator Scheduling for Thermal power plants. 10. Determine the transmission losses and efficiency by using

hardware simulator.

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Relay and High Voltage Lab (0-0-3)

Sub Code : EE 0110

Hrs/Week : 03

CIE : Marks 50

Course Outcomes


1. Study and analyse the performance of different types of relays

2. Draw the current time characteristics of fuse

3. Study the spark over characteristics of insulators

4. Determine the breakdown strength of transformer oil

1. DMT characteristics of over voltage or under voltage relay. (solid state or Electromechanical type)

2. Operation of negative sequence relay.

3. Current-time characteristics of fuse.

4. Operating characteristics of microprocessor based (numeric) over – current relay.

5. Operating characteristics of microprocessor based (numeric) over/under voltage relay.

6. Spark over characteristics of air insulation subjected to high voltage AC with spark over voltage corrected to STP.

7. Spark over characteristics of air insulation subjected to high voltage AC, with spark over voltage corrected to STP for uniform and non-uniform field configuration.

8. Measurement of HVAC using standard spheres.

9. Breakdown strength of transformer oil using oil-testing unit.

10 Field mapping using electrolytic tank for any one-model cable/capacitor/transmission line/ Sphere gap models.

11. Generation of standard lightning impulse voltage and to determine efficiency and energy of impulse generator.

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Electrical Power Quality (4-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Define and identify the source and causes of power quality disturbances.

2. Analyse types of electrical systems loads and their power quality considerations.

3. Discuss the mitigation techniques of various power quality disturbances

4. Explain the fundamentals and evaluation of harmonics

5. Describe the principles of overvoltage protection and controlling harmonics

6. Describe equipments and assessment of power quality monitoring.

UNIT1 8 Hrs

INTRODUCTION - Power quality concern, Categories and Characteristics of Power System Electromagnetic Phenomena , power quality evaluation procedures, definition and cause of various power quality disturbances.

SLE: Justify the statement that power quality is the same as voltage quality, CBEMA and ITI Curves UNIT 2 10 Hrs

VOLTAGE SAGS AND INTERRUPTIONS: Sources of sags and interruptions, estimating voltage sag performance, fundamental principles of protection, Solutions at the End-User Level.

SLE: Utility System Fault-Clearing Issues

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UNIT 3

TRANSIENTS OVER VOLTAGES: Sources of Transient Over

voltages , Ferroresonance phenomenon, Principles of Overvoltage

Protection , Devices for Overvoltage Protection ,Utility Capacitor-

Switching Transients ,Utility System Lightning Protection.

SLE: Cabel protection , Computer Tools for Transients Analysis UNIT 4 10 Hrs

FUNDAMENTALS OF HARMONICS Harmonic Distortion, Voltage

versus Current Distortion, Harmonics versus Transients, Harmonic

Indices, Harmonic Sources from Commercial Loads and Industrial

loads, Locating Harmonic Sources, System Response

Characteristics, series and parallel resonance

SLE: Harmonic sequence, Effects of Harmonic Distortion

UNIT 5 8 Hrs

APPLIED HARMONICS: Harmonic distortion evaluations, principles for controlling harmonics, harmonic studies, modeling of harmonic source, devices for controlling harmonic distortion, harmonic filters.

SLE: Standards on harmonics UNIT 6 8 Hrs

POWER QUALITY MONITORING: Monitoring considerations, power quality measurement equipments, assement of power quality measurement data.

SLE: Application of intelligent systems. TEXT BOOK:

1. “Electric Power Quality,”Dugan, Roger C, Santoso, Surya, McGranaghan, Mark F Beaty, H. Wayne McGraw-Hill professional publication 2003.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Understanding power quality problems voltage sags and interruptions”- Math H. J.Bollen. IEEE Press, 2000

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Electrical Energy Management (4-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Classify different types of energy resources

2. Discuss the concept of the energy conservation, different types of energy audit, role of energy managers and financial aspects of energy management.

3. Discuss the need of energy efficiency in electric utilities.

4. Explain energy efficiency concepts of transformers and electric motors.

5. Describe different types of energy efficient illumination.

6. Describe demand side energy management concepts.

UNIT 1 8 Hrs

Energy Scenario: Introduction, primary and secondary energy, commercial and noncommercial energy, non renewable and renewable energy, global primary energy resources. Indian energy scenario, energy conservation and its importance, energy and environment.

SLE: Long term outlook for energy security for India

UNIT 2 9 Hrs

Energy Management and Audit: energy audit definitions, need for

energy audit, types of energy audit and approach, preliminary,

detailed and post audit phases, bench marking, plant energy

performance, instruments and metering for energy audit.

Financial Management: Introduction, financial analysis techniques-payback period, returns on investment (ROI), time value of money: net present valued method, internal rate of return method, electricity tariff and billing.

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SLE: Role of plant managers in energy conservation.

UNIT 3 9 Hrs

Energy Efficiency in Electrical Utilities: Introduction, electrical load management and maximum demand control, Economics of power factor improvement, automatic power factor controllers, selection and location of capacitors, performance assessment of power factor capacitors, T&D losses in power systems, Technical losses and commercial losses, A T & C losses, measures to reduce commercial losses.

SLE: Role of vigilance and monitoring of misuse of electrical

energy.

UNIT 4 9 Hrs

Transformers and Electric Motors: Energy efficient transformers, standards and labeling program for distribution transformers. Energy performance assessment of motors and variable speed drives: Introduction, determining motor loading, concept of variable frequency drive, need for VFD, principles of VFD, soft starters, star labeling of energy efficient induction motors. Selection of Motors, Energy efficient motor, factors affecting energy efficiency and minimizing motor losses in operation, rewinding effects on energy efficiency.

SLE: Awareness of energy efficiency programs.

UNIT 5 9 Hrs

Lighting System: Introduction, basic parameters and terms in lighting system, light sources and types of lamps, recommended illumination levels for various tasks, activities locations. Methods of calculating illumination levels and energy saving opportunities. Energy efficient lighting controls.

SLE: Economic aspects of using LED lamps. UNIT 6 8 Hrs

Demand Side Management and Demand Response: Introduction to DSM, Concept of DSM and Demand Response, Classification of DSM programs, Objectives & importance of DSM, DSM techniques, Load shaping objectives, time of day pricing, Benefits of DSM.

SLE: Role of smart metering in DSM

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TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Energy Technology”, S.Rao and Dr. B.B.Parulekar, 3rd

edition, Khanna Publishers.

2. “Energy Manager Training Programme (2012)”, Bureau of Energy Efficiency

3. “Demand-side management from a sustainable development perspective”, TERI and IREDA, 2003.

4. “Engineering Economics and Management”, N. Narasimhaswamy, Dynaram Publications

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Design of Control Systems (4-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Recall the time domain and frequency domain response specifications and the Stability concepts.

2. Design lead, lag and lag-lead compensators in time domain.

3. Design lead, lag and lag-lead compensators in frequency domain.

4. Describe the realization of PID controllers by passive and active elements.

5. Design proportional, integral and derivative controllers in time domain.

6. Discuss various tuning rules of PID controller. UNIT 1 8 Hrs

Review of time response analysis, Performance indices, Approximation of high-order systems by lower-order systems, Time domain and frequency domain specifications, Stability from Root-locus and Bode plots.

SLE: Relationship between phase margin and damping ratio UNIT 2 9 Hrs

Approaches to design problem, Preliminary considerations of classical design, Realization of lead, lag and lag-lead compensators. Design of Lead and Lag compensators using Root-locus diagram.

SLE: Design of Lag-lead compensator using Root-locus diagram

31

UNIT 3 9 Hrs

Cascade compensation in frequency domain, Design of Lead and Lag compensators using Bode diagrams, Realization of compensators by passive and active elements, Comparison of characteristics of phase lead and lag networks.

SLE: Design of lag-lead compensator using Bode diagrams UNIT 4 9 Hrs

Industrial automatic controllers, Proportional control, Integral control, Proportional plus Integral control, Proportional plus Derivative control, Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative control, Effects of different terms of three term control.

SLE: Generating hardware for industrial controllers UNIT 5 9 Hrs

Design of P, PI and PD controllers using the Root-locus diagrams, Rate feedback compensator design, Minor loop feedback compensation.

SLE: Design of PID controllers using the Root-locus diagrams UNIT 6 8 Hrs

Tuning rules for PID controllers, Ziegler-Nichols rules for tuning PID controllers-First method, second method, Design considerations for robust control.

SLE: Modifications of PID control schemes TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Modern Control Engineering”, Katsuhiko Ogata , 3rd

edition, Prentice Hall of India.

2. “Control Systems Engineering” I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, 5

th edition, New Age International (P) Ltd.

3. “ Control System Analysis and Design”, A.K.Tripathi & Dinesh Chandra, New Age International Publishers.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Modern Control Systems”, Richard C.Dorf and Robert H. Bishop, Addison-Wesley, 8

th edition

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Power System Dynamics and Control (4-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Analyse the concepts associated with Small Signal Stability and Transient Stability.

2. Model and evaluate the steady state performance of Synchronous generator.

3. Discuss the modeling aspects of various components of Power Systems viz., excitation system, prime mover, speed governing system, transmission lines and loads.

4. Illustrate the dynamics of a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus.

5. Explore the small perturbation stability characteristics of a SMIB system by giving an insight into effects of machine & system parameters and voltage regulator gain.

6. Design a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) and analyse the dynamics of a SMIB system with and without PSS.

UNIT 1 8 Hrs

Introduction: Power system stability, States of operation and System security, System model, Some mathematical preliminaries, Analysis of steady state stability.

SLE: Analysis transient stability

UNIT 2 9 Hrs

System Modeling and Dynamics of Synchronous Generator: Modeling of synchronous machine, Park‟s transformation, Transformation of flux linkages, Transformation of stator voltage equations, Transformation of the torque equation, Choice of Park‟s

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constants. Analysis of steady state performance, Equivalent circuits of synchronous machine.

SLE: Per unit quantities UNIT 3 9 Hrs

Modeling of Excitation system and Prime Movers: Introduction,

Excitation system modeling, Types of excitation, IEEE Type-1

Excitation system, System representation by state equations.

SLE: Prime-mover control system

UNIT 4 9 Hrs

Transmission line, SVC and Load Modeling: Modeling of

transmission network, Transformation to D-Q components, Steady

state equations, Modeling of SVC, Static load modeling.

SLE: Dynamic load modeling

UNIT 5 9 Hrs

Dynamics of a synchronous generator connected to infinite bus: System model, Synchronous machine model, Application of model 1.1, Calculation of initial conditions.

SLE: System simulation UNIT 6 9 Hrs

Small Signal Stability and Power System Stabilizers: Small signal analysis with block diagram representation of SMIB systems with generator represented by classical model. Synchronizing and damping torque analysis. Basic concepts in applying PSS,Structure and tuning of PSS.

SLE: Control signals for PSS

TEXT BOOK:

1. “Power System Dynamics Control and Stability”, K.R. Padiyar, Second Edition, B S

Publications.

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2. “Power System Stability and Control”, Prabha Kundur ,Tata Mc Graw – Hill edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Power System Dynamics and Stability”, Peter Sauer and M.A.Pai, Pearson Education Asia.

2. “Analysis of Electric Machinery”, Paul C.Krause, McGraw-Hill Book company.

3. “Generalized Theory of Electrical Machines”, Fifth Edition, Dr.P.S.Bimbhra, Khanna Publishers

35

Embedded Systems (3-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Discuss the functional blocks of a typical embedded system.

2. Describe the fundamental issues in selecting a processor.

3. Explain the working of peripherals.

4. Explain interfacing concepts, Bus architecture and protocols.

5. Recognize the trends in embedded operating systems, evolution of development languages.

6. Apply the techniques to solve simple problems on embedded designs.

UNIT 1 6 Hrs

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS: Embedded Systems Overview, Design Challenge, Processor Technology, IC Technology, Design Technology, Trade-Offs. CUSTOM SINGLE PURPOSE PROCESSORS: HARDWARE: Introduction, Combinational Logic, Sequential Logic, Custom Single Purpose Processor Design, Rt-Level Custom Single Purpose Processor Design.

SLE: Optimizing Custom Single Purpose Processors. UNIT 2 6 Hrs

GENERAL PURPOSE PROCESSORS: Introduction; Basic Architecture, Operation, Programmer‟s View, Development Environment, ASIPs, Selecting a Microprocessor.

SLE: General Purpose Processor Design.

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UNIT 3 8 Hrs

STANDARD SINGLE-PURPOSE PROCESSORS:

PERIPHERALS: Introduction, Timers, counters And Watchdog

Timer, UART, Pulse Width Modulators, LCD Controllers, Keypad

Controllers, Stepper Motor Controllers, Analog to Digital

Converters, Real Time Clock.

SLE: Memory Write Ability and Storage Permanence, Common

Memory Types, Composing Memory, Memory Hierarchy and

Cache, Advanced RAM.

UNIT 4 8 Hrs

INTERFACING: Introduction, Communication Basics,

Microprocessor Interfacing: I/O Addressing, Interrupts, Direct

Memory Access, Arbitration, Multilevel Bus Architecture, Advance

Communication Principles, Serial Protocols, Parallel Protocols.

SLE: Wireless Protocols

UNIT 5 6 Hrs

INTRODUCTION TO REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS: Tasks and Task States, Tasks and Data, Semaphores and Shared Data. MORE OPERATING SYSTEMS SERVICES: Message Queues and Pipes; Timer Functions; Events, Memory Management.

SLE: Interrupt Routines in an RTOS Environment UNIT 6 6 Hrs

BASIC DESIGN USING REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS:

Overview, Principles, An Example, Encapsulating Semaphores and

Queues, Hard Real Time Scheduling Consideration, Saving

Memory Space, Saving Power.

SLE: Mailbox

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Embedded System Design, A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction”, Frank Vahid / Tony Givargis,2006 reprint, John Wiley Student Edition.

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2. “An Embedded Software Primer”, David .E. Simon, Fourth Impression 2007, Pearson Education.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. “Embedded Systems, Raj Kamal”, 13th reprint 2007, Tata-McGrawHill Publications.

2. “Embedded Microcomputer Systems”, Valvano, Thomson.

38

Fuzzy Logic and Soft Computing (3-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Define crisp logic and fuzzy logic variables.

2. Describe fuzzy Set with illustrations.

3. Analyse fuzzy rule development.

4. Describe the basic concepts of Fuzzy logic

5. Define fuzzy neuro systems.

6. Explain genetic algorithms and its industrial applications

UNIT 1 6 Hrs

INTRODUCTION: What is fuzzy logic (FL), history of FL, Why use FL for control. BASIC CONCEPTS OF FUZZY LOGIC: Fuzzy sets, linguistic variables, possibility distributions, fuzzy rules.

SLE: General applications for fuzzy based systems. UNIT 2 8 Hrs

FUZZY SETS: Classical sets, fuzzy sets, operations of fuzzy sets, properties of fuzzy sets, geometrical interpretation of fuzzy sets.

FUZZY RELATIONS, FUZZY GRAPHS AND FUZZY ARITHMETIC: Fuzzy relations, composition of fuzzy relations, fuzzy graphs, fuzzy numbers, function with fuzzy arguments, arithmetic operations on fuzzy numbers.

SLE: Classical fuzzy sets and operation of fuzzy set theory. UNIT 3 6 Hrs

FUZZY IF-THEN RULES: Introduction, two types of fuzzy rules, fuzzy rule based models for function approximation, theoretical foundation of fuzzy mapping rules, types of fuzzy rule based models – mamdani model, TSK model, SAM model

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SLE: Define fuzzy associated memory (FAM) rules. UNIT 4 4 Hrs

FUZZY IMPLICATIONS and APPROXIMATE REASONING: Propositional logic, first-order predicate calculus, fuzzy logic.

SLE: Define fuzzy approximate reasoning. UNIT 5 8 Hrs

NEURO-FUZZY SYSTEMS: Basics of neural networks, Neural networks and fuzzy logic, Supervised neural network learning of fuzzy models, reinforcement-based learning of fuzzy models, using neural networks to partition the input space, neuro-fuzzy modeling examples.

SLE: Hybrid Fuzzy Neural Network system examples. UNIT 6 8 Hrs

GENETIC ALGORITHMS AND FUZZY LOGIC: Basics of genetic algorithms (GA), design issues in GA, improving the convergence rate, A simplex-GA hybrid approach, GA-based fuzzy model identification, industrial applications.

SLE: Compare features of genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic TEXT BOOK: 1. “Fuzzy Logic-Intelligence, control and information”, John

yen and Reza langari, LPE, Pearson education

40

Object Oriented Programming with C++ (3-0-0)




Course Outcomes On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Distinguish object oriented paradigm with procedure oriented paradigm.

2. Describe the concept of classes and objects.

3. Discuss the concept of the constructors and destructors.

4. Discuss the different methods of inheritance.

5. Discuss the importance of virtual functions & polymorphism.

6. Discuss various types of operators for operator overloading.

UNIT 1 7 Hrs The evolution of the object model, the elements of the object model, Introduction to C++: A Review of Structures, Procedure-Oriented Programming Systems, Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Comparison of C++ with C, Console Input/Output in C++, Variables in C++, Reference Variables in C++, Function Prototyping, Function Overloading, Default Values for Formal Arguments of Functions, Inline Functions.

SLE: Compare & contrast object oriented paradigm with traditional methods with illustrations.

UNIT 2 7 Hrs Classes and Objects: Introduction to Classes and Objects, the nature of an object, relationships among objects the nature of a class, relationships among classes, on building quality objects and classes, important of proper classification, identifying classes and objects, Member Functions and Member Data, Objects and Functions, Objects and Arrays, Namespaces, Nested Classes.

41

SLE: Build, execute and Analyse the programs based on objects and classes. UNIT 3 6 Hrs Dynamic Memory Management: Introduction, Dynamic Memory Allocation, Dynamic Memory Deallocation, The set_new_handler () function. Constructors and Destructors: Constructors, Destructors, The Philosophy of OOP.

SLE: Explore the concept of Constructors with two dimensional arrays. UNIT 4 7 Hrs Inheritance: Introduction to Inheritance, Base Class and Derived Class Pointers, Function Overriding, Base Class Initialization, The Protected Access Specifier, Deriving by Different Access Specifiers, Different Kinds of Inheritance, Order of Invocation of Constructors and Destructors.

SLE: Build, edit, debug the programs based on the concept of inheritance. UNIT 5 7 Hrs Virtual Functions and Dynamic Polymorphism: The Need for Virtual Functions, Virtual Functions, The Mechanism of Virtual Functions, Pure Virtual Functions, Virtual Destructors and Virtual Constructors.

SLE: Analyse the real world problems appreciating the concept of polymorphism and virtual functions. UNIT 6 6 Hrs Operator Overloading: Operator Overloading, Overloading the Various Operators – Overloading the Increment and the Decrement Operators (Prefix and Postfix), Overloading the Unary Minus and the Unary Plus Operator, Overloading the Arithmetic Operators, Overloading the Relational Operators, Overloading the Assignment Operator, Overloading the Insertion and Extraction Operators, Overloading the new and the delete Operators, Overloading the Subscript Operator, Overloading the Pointer-to-member (->) Operator (Smart Pointer).

SLE: Acquire the knowledge of operator overloading by illustrations.

42

TEXT BOOK:

1. Object-Oriented Programming with C++, Sourav Sahay, Oxford University Press, 2006. (Chapters 1 to 10).

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. The C++ program language by Bjarne Stroustrup Pearson Education Asia C++ Primer, Stanley B. Lippman, Josee Lajoie, Barbara E. Moo, 4

th Edition,

Addison Wesley, 2005.

2. The Complete Reference C++, Herbert Schildt, 4th

Edition, TMH, 2005.

3. Object-Oriented analysis and Design with applications by GRADY BOOCH Published by Addison Wesley

43

Programmable Logic Controllers (3-0-0)





1. Describe architecture and hardware of PLC.

2. Explain the interface for a variety of input and output devices for PLC.

3. Identify the programming constructs using ladder diagram, Instruction list, Sequential function charts (SFC), structured text.

4. Analyse the ladder diagram for Timers, counters, sequencers for some closed end academic programming exercises.

5. Apply PLC for solving control problems involving classical PID control strategies.

6. Demonstrate PLC application for process control and distributed control problems.

UNIT 1 7 Hrs Programming logic controller hardware and internal architecture, PLC systems Basic configuration and development, programming of PLC Hand-held programming, desktop and PC configurated system

SLE: Interface of encoder device to PLC UNIT 2 6 Hrs Input devices, mechanical switches, proximity switches, photoelectric sensors and switches, temperature sensors, position sensors, pressure sensors, smart sensors.

SLE: Serial and Parallel communication standards

44

UNIT 3 7 Hrs Output devices, Relay, directional control valves, control of single and double acting cylinder control, DC motor, stepper motor, conveyors control, I/O processing-signal conditioning, remote connections, networks, processing inputs, programming features.

SLE: Implementation of different programming languages to practical systems. UNIT 4 8 Hrs Ladder programming, ladder diagrams, logic functions, latching multiple outputs, entering programs, function blocks, programming with examples, instruction list(IL), sequential function charts(SFC), structured text example with programs. SLE: Sequencers

UNIT 5 4 Hrs Ladder program development examples with jump and call subroutines, timers, programming timers, off-delay timers, pulse timers, counters, forms of counter, up and down counting, timer with counters, sequencers, programming with examples.

SLE: alarm program

UNIT 6 4 Hrs Development of temperature control, valve sequencing, conveyor belt control, bottle packing using PLC systems.

SLE: Bottle packing using PLC systems TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Programming Logic Controllers”, W. Bolten, Elsevier Publication, Oxford UK

REFERANCE BOOKS

1. “Programmable logic controllers principle and application” ,John W Webb, Ronald Reis, Pearson publication.

2. “Programmable Controller Theory and Applications”, L.A Bryan and E.A Bryan.

3. “Programmable Controllers-An Engineers Guide”, E.A Paar, Newness publication.

45

PROJECT WORK (2 credits)


Hrs/Week : 04 SEE : % Marks


Course Outcomes

On successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

1. Identify and Analyse the real world problems

2. Carry out literature survey

3. Define the problem and plan for the execution

46

Industrial Management, Economics And Entrepreneurship (3-0-0)





1. Describe the concept of scientific management and its evolution.

2. Discuss different behavioural patterns.

3. Discuss various executive training programs and objectives

4. Discuss various management functions and its relevance

5. Explain the need for entrepreneurship and traits of an entrepreneur.

6. Explain the need for project planning.

UNIT 1 4 Hrs

INTRODUCTION: Evolution of concept of scientific management, historical perspective, contribution of Taylor, Henry Fayal, Gilbreth and HL Gantt to scientific management: management as science / art: relevance of scientific management in Indian context. SLE: Study of the various schools of management thought

UNIT 2 6 Hrs

MANAGEMENT AND BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH: contribution of Elton Mayo, Skinner and others to behavioural school of management thought, understanding past behaviour, predicting future behaviour, directing, changing and controlling present behaviour: Hawthorn Experiments and their findings: Maslow‟s theory of hierarchical needs and Herzberg‟s two factor theory, McGregor‟s Theory X and theory Y: Integration of organizational goals and needs of employees. SLE: Study of different motivational theories

47

UNIT 3 4 Hrs

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: Selection and recruitment, training of personnel, employer employee relationship, causes and settlement of industrial disputes.

SLE: Study of personnel selection criteria UNIT 4 6 Hrs

MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS: Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling. Principles of management: managerial skills and skill mix required at different level, leadership styles.

SLE: Study of leadership and management aspects in industry UNIT 5 5 Hrs

ENTRENPRENEURSHIP: Definition, evolution of entrepreneurship, Qualities of entrepreneur; barriers to entrepreneurship, economic liberalization and development of entrepreneurship

SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES 5 Hrs

Definition and objectives of SSI. Government policy and support through different state and central agencies; impact of economic liberalization on SSIs. ancillary industry and tiny industries

SLE: Study of women entrepreneurship and its relevance in the Indian context UNIT 6 10 Hrs

PROJECT PLANNING AND CONTROLLING : Definition of project, identification of project, feasibility study from technical, marketing, financial and social angles; preparation of project report, planning commission guidelines; project appraisal- factors to be considered, scheduling, use of CPM and PERT networks.

SLE: Study of „MS Project‟ project by Microsoft Corp. TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Principle of Management “– PC Tripathi, PN Raddy- TMH Publication

48

2. “Engineering Economics and Management” - N. Narasimhaswamy: Publishers Dynaram Publications No20,1

st floor, South cross road, Basavanagudi,

Bangalore-560004

3. “Entrepreneurship Development “– Small Business

enterprises Poornima M Charanthimath, Pearson

Education -2005

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Industrial Organization and Engineering Economics”- T. R. Banga and S. C. Sharma.

2. “Entrepreneurship Development “– S S Khanka S

Chand and Co.

49

Electric Drives (4-0-0)




Course Outcomes

On successful completion of the course, the students will be

able to:

1. Describe the dynamics of an electric drive system and fundamental concepts of Electric Drive systems.

2. Identify and select the motors required in drives.

3. Explain the fundamentals of DC motor drives.

4. Describe the operation of Induction Motor Drives.

5. Analyse the speed control of electric drives using Induction Motor.

6. Explain the principles of synchronous motor drives and applications of Industrial Drives.

UNIT 1 9 Hrs

An introduction to electrical drives & its dynamics: Electrical

drives,

Advantages of electrical drives, Parts of electrical drives, choice of

electrical drives, status of dc and ac drives, Dynamics of electrical

drives, Fundamental torque equation, speed torque conventions

and multiquadrant operation. Equivalent values of drive

parameters, components of low torques, nature and classification

of load torques, calculation of time and energy loss in transient

operations, steady state stability, load equalization.

SLE: Modern Electric drive system employing power electronic converters, Multi-disciplinary nature of electric drive system, Comparison between DC and AC drives

50

UNIT 2 5 Hrs

Selection of motor power rating: Thermal model of motor for

heating and cooling, Classes of motor duty, determination of motor

rating.

SLE: Study the characteristics, specifications of motor used in

various drive system.

UNIT 3 12 Hrs

D C Motor drives: Starting braking, transient analysis, single phase fully controlled rectifier, control of separately excited dc motor, Single-phase half controlled rectifier control of separately excited dc motor. Three phase fully controlled rectifier - control of separately excited dc motor, three phase half controlled rectifier - control of separately excited dc motor, multi-quadrant operation of separately excited dc motor fed from fully controlled rectifier. Control of dc series motor, chopper controlled dc drives- separately excited dc motor and series motor.

SLE: THYRISTOR D.C. DRIVES – GENERAL, Examples of drive

systems, Basic torque equation

UNIT 4 6 Hrs

INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES: Operation with unbalanced source

voltage and single phasing, operation with unbalanced rotor

impedances, analysis of induction motor fed from non-sinusoidal

voltage supply, starting braking, transient analysis.

SLE: Applications of D.C. drives, Variable reluctance and permanent magnet steppermotor Drives Regenerative braking, Dynamic or rheostat braking, Plugging or reverse voltage braking. modern trends in industrial drive

UNIT 5 6 Hrs

Stator voltage control: Variable voltage and variable frequency

control, voltage source inverter control, closed loop control, current

source inverter control, , rotor resistance control, slip power

recovery, speed control of single phase induction motors.

51

SLE: applications of induction motors drives,advantages of a

converter fed indication motor over a line fed motor, speed control

by variation of slip frequency obtained

UNIT 6 14 Hrs

Synchronous motor drives: Operation from fixed frequency

supply, synchronous motor variable speed drives, variable

frequency control of multiple synchronous motors. Self-controlled

synchronous motor drive employing load commutated thyristor

inverter.

Industrial drives: Rolling mill drives, cement mill drives, paper mill drives and textile mill drives.

SLE: Motivation for variable-speed AC drives, Applications, Single-

phase full-bridge PWM inverter drive, Half-bridge rectifier with full-

bridge PWM inverter.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Fundamentals of Electrical Drives, G.K Dubey , Narosa publishing house, 2nd Edition,2002. REFERENCE BOOKS:

2. Electrical Drives, N.K De and P.K. Sen- PHI, 2009.

3. A First Course On Electric Drives, S.K Pillai-Wiley Eastern Ltd 1990.

4. Power Electronics, Devices, Circuits and Industrial Applications, V.R. Moorthi, “Oxford University Press, 2005.

5. Electric Motor Drives, Modeling, Analysis and Control, R.KRISHNAN,PHI,2008.

52

Power System Operation and Control (3-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Explain the principles of SCADA and its implementations.

2. Model and discuss Single area and Two area load frequency control system

3. Describe the methods of voltage and reactive power control.

4. Explain the need and the importance of unit commitment in economic operation of power systems

5. Apply the contingency analysis to solve the power system problems.

6. Analyse the power system by applying the state estimation tool.

UNIT 1 6 Hrs

CONTROL CENTER OPERATION OF POWER SYSTEMS: Introduction to SCADA, control center, digital computer configuration, automatic generation control, area control error, operation without central computers, expression for tie-line flow and frequency deviation, parallel operation of generators. SLE: Area lumped dynamic model.

UNIT 2 8 Hrs

AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL: Automatic voltage regulator, automatic load frequency control, AVR control loops of generators, performance of AVR, ALFC of single area systems- Speed Governor, Turbine, Generator and Load models, steady state response, concept of control area, multi-area systems, POOL operation-two area systems, modeling the tie line, tie-line bias control. SLE: Simulink model of single and two area load frequency control system

53

UNIT 3 6 Hrs

CONTROL OF VOLTAGE AND REACTIVE POWER: Introduction, generation and absorption of reactive power, relation between voltage, power and reactive power at a node, single machine infinite bus systems, methods of voltage control. SLE: Voltage stability, voltage collapse.

UNIT 4 6 Hrs

UNIT COMMITMENT: Review of Economic Operation of Power

Systems. Statement of the Unit Commitment problem, need and

importance of unit commitment, methods-priority lists method,

dynamic programming method, constraints, spinning reserve, and

examples.

SLE: Numerical on unit commitment by dynamic programming

method

UNIT 5 6 Hrs

POWER SYSTEM SECURITY: Introduction, factors affecting power system security, power system contingency analysis, detection of network problems, network sensitivity methods, calculation of network sensitivity factor, contingency ranking. SLE: Derivation of Network Sensitivity factor.

UNIT 6 8 Hrs

STATE ESTIMATION: Introduction, Least Square Estimation

(LSE), Weighted LSE, Static State Estimation of Power Systems,

tracking state estimation of power systems.

SLE: Application of Power System State Estimation.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Power generation, operation and control- Allen J Wood and Woollenberg. John Wiley and Sons, Second Edition, 2009.

2.“Computer Aided Power System Analysis”- G.L.Kusic, Indian Reprint- BS Publications, Hyderabad.

3. “Modern Power System Analysis”- I J Nagarath and D P Kothari, TMH, 3

rd Edition, 2003

4. “Electric power systems”- B.M. Weedy

54

EHV AC Transmission (3-0-0)




Course Outcomes


able to:

1. Discuss the advantages and problems of EHV systems

2. Explain the procedure calculation of line inductance and

line capacitance.

3. Describe surface voltage gradient on conductors

4. Analyse types of over voltage and types of electrode

configuration in EHV System

5.Describe the mechanism of corona generations and

factors affecting corona

6. Discuss the compensation and the method of voltage

control in EHV line

UNIT 1 6 Hrs

INTRODUCTION: Necessity of EHV AC transmission –

advantages and problems–power handling capacity and line

losses- mechanical considerations – resistance of conductors –

properties of bundled conductors – bundle spacing and bundle

radius- Examples.

SLE: Standard transmission line voltages and Avarage values of

line parameter

UNIT 2 6 Hrs

LINE AND GROUND REACTIVE PARAMETERS: Line inductance

and capacitances –sequence inductances and capacitances –

modes of propagation – ground return – R L Calculations and

Examples

SLE: Properties of bundle conductor, temperature rise of conductor

and current carrying capacity

55

UNIT 3 8 Hrs

VOLTAGE GRADIENTS OF CONDUCTORS: Electrostatics – field

of sphere gap – charge – potential relations for multi-conductors –

surface voltage gradient on conductors – distribution of voltage

gradient on bundled conductors.

SLE: field of line charges and properties

UNIT 4 7 Hrs

CORONA EFFECTS: Introduction, principle of corona ,factor

affecting corona .critical disruptive voltage .Power loss and audible

noise (AN) – corona loss formulae –– generation, characteristics -

limits and measurements of AN – Examples. Radio interference

(RI) – corona pulses generation, properties, limits – frequency

spectrum – modes of propagation – attenuation – measurement of

RI, RI, Examples

SLE: Design criteria for EHVAC line

UNIT 5 6 Hrs

OVER VOLTAGES IN EHV SYSTEMS: Origin of Over voltages

and their types, short circuit current and the circuit breaker,

overvoltage caused by the interruption of low inductive current,

ferro resonance Overvoltage. Reduction of switching surges .Types

of Electrode geometries used in EHV systems. Insulation

characteristics of long air gaps.

SLE: Types of Electrode geometries used in EHV systems

UNIT 6 6 Hrs

POWER FREQUENCY VOLTAGE CONTROL: Power circle

diagram and its use – voltage control using synchronous

condensers – cascade connection of shunt and series

compensation – sub synchronous resonance in series capacitor –

compensated lines – static VAR compensating system.

SLE: Telecommunications in EHV systems.

56

TEXT BOOKS:

1. ”Extra High Voltage AC Transmission Engineering” by Rakosh Das Begamudre, New Age International Publishers.

2. “EHV-AC, HVDC, Transmission and Distribution

Engineering” by S.Rao, Khanna Publishers

57

HVDC Transmission (3-0-0)




Course Outcomes


able to:

1. Compare HVAC and HVDC transmission

2. Analyse six pulse converter circuits and its characterstics.

3. Discuss the principles of DC power control and concept of

Higher level controller.

4. Describe the functions of smoothing reactor and operation

of DC breaker

5. Explain the various converter faults and their protection

schemes

6. Explain the Reactive power requirements ,sources of

reactive power, harmonic filter

UNIT 1 6 Hrs

DC POWER TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY: Introduction,

Comparison of AC and DC transmission, Applications of Dc

transmission, description of DC transmission system, Types of DC

links, Planning for HVDC transmission.

SLE: Modern trends in DC transmission. UNIT 2 6 Hrs

ANALYSIS OF HVDC CONVERTERS: Pulse Number, Choice of

Converter configuration, Simplified analysis of Gratez circuit

without and with overlap, Characteristics of Twelve Pulse

Converter.

SLE: Converter Bridge Characteristics

58

UNIT 3 8 Hrs

CONVERTER and HVDC SYSTEMS: Principles of DC link

control, Converter control characteristics and its modifications,

system control hierarchy, firing angle control, current and extinction

angle control, starting and stopping of DC link, Power control,

SLE: Higher level controller. UNIT 4 6 Hrs

SMOOTHNING REACTOR AND DC LINE: Introduction, smoothing

reactor, DC line Transient over voltage in a DC line , Protection of

Dc line and DC breakers.

SLE: Monopolar operation UNIT 5 6 Hrs

CONVERTER FAULTS AND PROTECTION: Introduction,

Converter Faults, Protection against over currents, over voltages in

converter stations, protection against over voltages.

SLE: Surge arresters UNIT 6 8 Hrs

REACTIVE POWER CONTROL AND FILTERS : Reactive power

requirements in steady state, sources of reactive power, Static Var

Systems, , Design of AC filters and DC filters.

SLE: Generation of harmonics

TEXT BOOK:

1. “HVDC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS Techno-logy and System Interactions” K R Padiyar New age international limited publishers.

REFERENCE BOOK:

2. E. W. Kimbark, "Direct Current Transmission,” John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,

59

Non-Linear Control Systems (3-0-0)



SEE Hrs : 03 Max. Marks : 100 Course Outcomes


1. Discuss the fundamental concepts and features unique

to non-linear systems.

2. Investigate stability of non-linear systems by phase-

plane methods.

3. Apply numerical methods to solve problems of non-

linear systems.

4. Obtain describing functions for various nonlinearities.

5. Investigate stability of non-linear systems by describing

function method.

6. Construct Liapunov functions and investigate stability of non-linear systems.

UNIT 1 6 Hrs

Introduction, Characteristics of nonlinear systems, Methods of

analysis,Classification of nonlinearities, Common physical

nonlinearites, Linearization of nonlinear systems.

SLE: Inherent and intentional nonlinearities UNIT 2 7 Hrs

Phase plane analysis, Construction of phase trajectories by Isocline method, Delta method, Evaluation of time on phase trajectory, Analysis and classification of singular points, Limit cycles on phase plane.

SLE: Pell‟s method

60

UNIT 3 7 Hrs

Numerical method of analysis, Taylor series expansion method, method of Euler, Runga-Kutta method.

SLE: Adam‟s method UNIT 4 7 Hrs

Describing function analysis of nonlinear systems, Describing function for typical nonlinearities like ideal relay, relay with dead zone, simple dead zone, saturation or limiter,.

SLE: Describing function for friction controlled backlash UNIT 5 7 Hrs

Application of describing function, Closed loop stability using

describing function, Stability of the limit cycles, Closed loop

frequency response.

SLE: Relative stability from describing function

UNIT 6 6 Hrs

Liapunov stability analysis, first and second method of Liapunov.

Estimating the transient response behavior of dynamic systems,

Krasovskii‟s method.

SLE: Variable-gradient method

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Modern Control Engineering”, K.P.Mohandas, Sanguine Technical Publishers.

2. “Modern Control Engineering”, K.Ogata, 3rd

edition PHI. REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Introduction to Control Systems Design”, Virgil W.Eveleigh, T.M.H Edition.

2. “Control Systems Engineering”, Nagrath and Gopal, New Age International(P) Ltd.

61

Modern Power System Protection (3-0-0)




Course Outcomes


1. Discuss basic concepts of static relays and Analyse static relays through block diagram approach.

2. Discuss concepts of amplitude and phase comparators and Analyse different comparators through comparator equations.

3. Discuss Principle of Operation of distance relays.

4. Analyse need of pilot relaying schemes and discuss various pilot relaying schemes.

5. Discuss the operation of different micro processor based relays.

6. Explain tests performed on relays. UNIT 1 6 Hrs

Introduction to Static Relays: Definition of static relay,

Advantages over electromagnetic relay, General Block Diagram of

Static Relay, Static Voltage and Current Relays (Block Diagram

Approach Only).

SLE: Study of static voltage relay circuit. UNIT 2 7 Hrs

Comparators: Principle of amplitude and phase comparator,

Derivation of general equation of amplitude and phase

comparators, Realization of Ohm, Impedance, Reactance, Mho

and Offset Mho relay characteristics from general equation, Types

of amplitude comparator- Rectifier bridge type, Direct comparator,

62

Transductor type and Sampling type. Types of Phase comparator –

Coincidence type, Phase splitting type and Integrating type.

SLE: Duality between amplitude and phase comparators.

UNIT 3 6 Hrs

Distance Protection: Principle of operation of distance relays, Types of distance relays, reach of distance relays-over reach and under reach. 3 zone protection of transmission line section using distance rely, operating principle and characteristics of impedance, reactance, Mho, offset Mho and Ohm relays, switched distance schemes-star-delta switching, inter phase switching.

SLE: Effect of arc resistance on the performance of distance relays. UNIT 4 6 Hrs

Pilot Relaying: Definition of Pilot, need of Pilot Relaying Scheme,

types of pilots, wire pilot protection-circulating current scheme,

balanced voltage scheme, Transley S Scheme, half wave

comparison scheme (schematic diagram analysis only). Carrier

current protection- phase comparison and directional comparison

schemes.

SLE: Merits and de merits of unit protection and distance

protection schemes.

UNIT 5 8 Hrs

Micro Processor based Protective Relays: Factors encouraging

design of Micro processor based protective relays, general block

diagram of micro processor based protective relays, micro

processor based over current relay, voltage relays, directional

relays, measurement of R and X, micro processor based distance

relays- impedance relay, reactance relay, Mho relay, offset Mho

relay.

SLE: Study modified program flowchart to differentiate between

over current fault and transient fault.

63

UNIT 6 6 Hrs

Reliability, Testing and Maintenance of protective relays:

Environmental factors affecting protective relays, factors to be

considered for reliability assessment of protective relays, Testing of

relays- Factory test, commissioning test and maintenance tests.

SLE: Study the difference between testing of electromagnetic and

static relays.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Badriram and Vishwa Kharma, “Power System Protection and Switchgear”, 2

nd edition, TMH, 2011.

2. Bhavesh Bhalja. R P Maheshwari and Nilesh G. Chothani“Protection and Switchgear” Oxford University Press, 2011.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Ravindranth and Chander, “Power System Protection and Switch Gear” New Age International,2008.

2. T.S.MadhavaRao, “Static Relays with Microprocessor Application” TMH, 2009.

64

PROJECT (6 credits)

Sub Code : EE 0601 CIE : Marks 50

Hrs/Week : 12 Hrs. SEE Hrs : 100 Marks

SEE Hr : 3 Hrs.

Course Outcomes


1. Apply the knowledge acquired in the program to solve the problems

2. Harness the modern tools

3. Model, simulate and interpret results

4. Build hardware prototypes and validate

65

SEMINAR (1 credit)


Hrs/Week : 02 Hrs. SEE : % Marks

SEE Hrs : Max. Marks :

Course Outcomes


1. Identify the topic of relevance within the discipline.

2. Describe the technical aspects of the topic and demonstrate the feasibility of the scheme.

3. Present and Document the study

preface - national institute of engineering · preface dear students, ... 2. one full question each...

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