precentral gyrus postcentral gyrus. main contents the thoracic wall breast intercostal spaces...
TRANSCRIPT
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precentral gyrus postcentral gyrus
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Main Contents
The thoracic wall Breast
Intercostal spaces
Mediastinum
Concept, boundaries, division
Superior mediastinum
Posterior mediastinum
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Introduction
1 formation
2 division : Thoracic wall—
Anterior region of thorax, anterolateral region
of thorax and posterior region of thorax.
Thoracic cavity—mediastinum, left and right l
ung and pleura cavity.
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The thoracic wall
superficial structures
1)skin2)superficial fascia3)cutaneous nerve : The supraclavicular nerve Anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal ne
rve Lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal ner
ve
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superficial structures
4) superficial vessels artery:• perforating branches of internal thoracic artery • the branches of posterior intercostal A. Vein :• → internal thoracic V. and posterior intercostal V.• The V. of thoracic and abdominal wall→lateral thora
cic V.
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Deep structures
Intercostal spaces Position Contents:1) The intercostal externus2) The intercostal internus3) The intercostal intimus 4) The intercostal nerves:
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Intercostal spaces
5) Veins and Arteries
6)The relationship of the intercostal nerve a
nd vessels in the costal groove:
— V. A. N..
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Mediastinum
Boundaries Anterior: the sternum and costal cartilages. Posterior: the thoracic vertebrae Two sides: the mediastinal pleurae. Superior: the thoracic inlet. Inferior: the diaphragm
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2 Division four parts of the
mediastinum
Mediastinum
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superior mediastinumglandular plane venous plane arterial-nervous plane visceral plane
lymphatic plane anterior layer thymus or its rudiment; right and left brachiocephalic V.; superior vena cava; middle layer(arterial layer) aorta and its three branches; right and left phrenic and vagus nerves; posterior layer trachea; esophagus; Left recurrent laryngeal nerve thoracic duct.
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1) Thymus Relationship ―two side: ―upper boundary:―lower boundary: External feature ―two unequal lateral lobes and a pyramidal lob. 2) Superior vena cava 3) The aortic arch and its branches
superior mediastinum
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superior mediastinum
4)The thoracic part of trachea in front of the the thoracic part of trachea :
① the sternal manubrium; ② origins of sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles; ③ thymus; ④ left brachiocephalic V., ⑤ aortic arch; ⑥ brachiocephalic trunk; ⑦ left common carotid A. ⑧ cardiac plexus and lymph nodes.
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Main organs:
① principal bronchi;
② thoracic part of esophagus;
③ thoracic aorta;
④ thoracic duct;
⑤ azygos and hemiazygos V.;
⑥ vagus nerves;
⑦ sympathetic trunk and lymph nodes.
The Posterior Mediastinum
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The Posterior Mediastinum
The thoracic part of esophagus
Relation
• Anteriorly:
• Posteiorly:
• Left side:
• Right side:.
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The thoracic part of esophagus
2) Blood supplyArteries:• Superior part• Inferior partVeins:
→ azygos vein, hemiazygos vein,accessory he
miazygos vein → Superior vena cava
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The thoracic part of esophagus
3) Lymphatic drainage
• Superior part
• Middle part
• Inferior part
• Part of it
4) Nerves
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The Sympathetic Trunk
• 10-20 ganglia and interganglionic fibers.
• upper 4th-5th ganglions→esophageal, cardic, pulmonary plexuses.
• 5th-9th ganglions→greater splanchnic N. →celial ganglion
• 10th-12th ganglions→lesser splanchnic N. →aorticorenal ganglion
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Thoracic aorta
1 ) position and passage2 ) branchesParietal branches and visceral branches3 ) relation anteriorly :posteriorly :right :left :
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Question ?
What are they in the posterior mediastinum?
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Summary
The thoracic wall Breast
Intercostal spaces
Mediastinum
Superior mediastinum
Posterior mediastinum
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