METODE PERANCANGAN

UNIVERSITAS TEKNOLOGI YOGYAKARTA

OKTOBER 2016

PRECEDENTS IN ARCHITECTURE

prec·e·dent

noun

ˈpresəd(ə)nt/

synonyms: model, exemplar, example, pattern,

previous case, prior

instance/example

an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or

guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances.

METODE PRESEDEN…

1. Sebagai referensi di dalam merancang.

2. Membantu mengatasi permasalahan ketika merancang denah,

tampak, potongan, dan detail.

METODE PRESEDEN:

Dengan menggambar kembali siteplan, denah, tampak, potongan.

Kemudian gambar-gambar tersebut dianalisis.

Preseden dalam arsitektur:

Metode penilaian terhadap arsitektur yang secara mendalam meliputi 3

aspek:

1. Aspek Konseptual:

filosofi dan gagasan yang mendasari karya.

yang dianalisis:

- bagaimana implikasi konsep filosofis yang dimiliki

- bagaimana merumuskan konsep

- bagaimana menanggapi tuntutan programatis, konteks dan berbagai

gagasan yang muncul

2. Aspek Programatik:

fungsi dan hubungan antar fungsi.

yang dianalisis:

- bagaimana membuat penzoningan atau pengelompokkan fungsional

- bagaimana menata dan mengaitkan ruang pakai dengan sirkulasi

- bagaimana membentuk ruang dan massa dalam kaitannya dengan

program dan fungsi yang diakomodasi

3. Aspek Formal:

ruang dan bentuk.

yang dianalisis:

- menganalisis konstruksi geometris

- menganalisis konfigurasi keruangan

ASPEK FORMAL

• Siteplan

• Denah

• Tampak

• Potongan

Diagram

Analisis

-Struktur

-Pencahayaan

alami

-Massa

-Denah-potongan

-Sirkulasi

-Unit to whole

-Repetitive to

unique

-Simetri dan

keseimbangan

-Geometri

-Additive &

Subtractive

-Hierarkhi

STRUKTUR

PENCAHAYAAN

ALAMI

MASSA

DENAH-POTONGAN

SIRKULASI

UNIT TO WHOLE

REPETITIVE TO

UNIQUE

ANALISIS

SIMETRI DAN

KESEIMBANGAN

GEOMETRI

ADDITIVE &

SUBTRACTIVE

HIERARKHI

IDE

FORMATIF

LOUIS I KAHN - 1

Alfred N Richards Medical

Research Building

University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

1957-1961

LOUIS I KAHN - 1

LOUIS I KAHN - 2

Salk Institute of Biological

Studies

La Jolla, California

1959-1965

LOUIS I KAHN - 2

LOUIS I KAHN - 3

Library

Philip Exeter Academy

Exeter, New Hampshire

1967-1972

LOUIS I KAHN - 3

FORMATIVE

IDEAS

Ide formatif bisa dimengerti sebagai suatu konsep yang digunakan

oleh desainer yang memberi pengaruh atau bentuk kepada

desainnya.

- Mengorganisasikan keputusan.

- Tata atur

- Bentukkan.

Setiap ide formatif yang digunakan mempunyai hasil yang berbeda-

beda.

PLAN TO SECTION

OR ELEVATION

UNIT TO WHOLE

REPETITIVE TO

UNIQUE

ADDITIVE AND

SUBTRACTIVE

SYMMETRY &

BALANCE

GEOMETRY & GRID

CONFIGURATION

PATTERNS

PROGRESSIONS

REDUCTION

FORMATIVE

IDEAS

Hubungan antara denah dengan tampak atau potongan, dimana

terdapat korelasi yang teridentifikasi melalui konfigurasi

horizontal dan vertikal bangunan.

Keputusan di satu area (denah) mempengaruhi keputusan di area

lain (tampak/potongan).

PLAN TO SECTION OR

ELEVATION

PLAN

SECTION

ELEVATION

OR

EQUAL

ONE TO ONE

HALF

ANALOGOUS

PROPORTIONAL

INVERSE

PLAN TO SECTION

OR ELEVATION EQUAL

SNELLMAN HOUSE

ERIK GUNNAR ASPLUND

1917-1918

PANTHEON

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

C.100

OLD SACRISTY

FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI

1421

PLAN TO SECTION

OR ELEVATION ONE TO ONE HALF

STOCKHOLM EXHIBITION HALL

LE CORBUSIER

1962

CHAPEL AT RONCHAMP

LE CORBUSIER

1950-1955

RUSAKOV CLUB

KONSTANTIN MELNIKOV

1927

PLAN TO SECTION

OR ELEVATION ANALOGOUS

FLOREY BUILDING

JAMES STIRLING

1966

CAMBRIDGE HISTORY FACULTY

JAMES STIRLING

1964

TEMPLE OF THE SCOTTISH RITE

JOHN RUSSEL POPE

1910

PLAN TO SECTION

OR ELEVATION PROPORTIONAL

FARNSWORTH HOUSE

LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE

1945-1950

VILLA SAVOYE

LE CORBUSIER

1928-1931

UNITE D’HABITATION

LE CORBUSIER

1946-1952

PLAN TO SECTION

OR ELEVATION INVERSE

FIRE STATION N0 4

ROBERT VENTURI

1966

LEICESTER ENGINEERING

BUILDING

JAMES STIRLING

1959

VOUKSENNISKA CHURCH, IMARTA

ALVAR AALTO

1956-1958

FORMATIVE

IDEAS

Ide formatif yang menghubungkan unit-unit ke unit lain dan

terhadap bentuk keseluruhan dengan menggunakan cara khusus untuk

menciptakan suatu bentukkan.

UNIT TO WHOLE

UNIT TO WHOLE

UNIT EQUALS

WHOLE

UNITS CONTAINED

IN WHOLE

WHOLE GREATER THAN

SUM OF THE UNITS

UNITS AGGREGATE

TO FORM WHOLE

UNITS

OVERLAP

UNITS

SEPARATE

UNIT TO WHOLE UNIT EQUALS WHOLE

PYRAMID OF CHEOPS

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

C. 3733 BC

HOUSE AT WEISSENHOF

LE CORBUSIER

1927

RESIDENCE IN RIVA SAN

VITALE

MARIO BOTTA

1972-1973

UNIT TO WHOLE UNITS CONTAINED IN

WHOLE

SAN GIORGIO MAGGIORE

ANDREA PALLADIO

1560-1580

REDENTORE CHURCH

ANDREA PALLADIO

1576-1591

AUDITORIUM BUILDING

LOUIS SULLIVAN

1887-1890

UNIT TO WHOLE WHOLE GREATER THAN

SUM OF THE UNITS

EXETER LIBRARY

LOUIS I KAHN

1967-1972

TENDERING HALL

JOHN SOANE

1784-1790

TEMPLE OF HORUS

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

237 BC – 57 BC

UNIT TO WHOLE UNITS AGGREGATE TO

FORM WHOLE

LEICESTER ENGINEERING

BUILDING

JAMES STIRLING

1959

EASTON NESTON

NICHOLAS HAWKSMOOR

C. 1695-1710

NASHDOM

EDWIN LUTYENS

1905-1909

UNIT TO WHOLE UNITS OVERLAP

SEVER HALL

HENRY HOBSON RICHARDSON

1878-1880

LISTER COUNTY COURTHOUSE

ERIK GUNNAR ASPLUND

1917-1921

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CENTER

HARDY-HOLZMAN-PFIEFFER

1973

UNIT TO WHOLE UNITS SEPARATE

DEERE WEST OFFICE

BUILDING

ROCHE-DINKELOO

1975-1976

COLLEGE LIFE INSURANCE

COMPANY

ROCHE-DINKELOO

1967-1971

EVERSON MUSEUM OF ART

I.M. PEI

1968

FORMATIVE

IDEAS

The formative idea of relating repetitive and unique elements is

the design of buildings by establishing relationships between

components which have singular and multiple manifestations.

REPETITIVE TO UNIQUE

REPETITIVE TO

UNIQUE

UNIQUE SURROUNDED BY

REPETITIVE

RECTANGLE OVERLAPPED BY

CIRCLE

UNIQUE IN REPETITIVE

FIELD

UNIQUE ADDED TO

REPETITIVE

UNIQUE DEFINED BY

REPETITIVE

REPETITIVE TO

UNIQUE

UNIQUE SURROUNDED BY

REPETITIVE

FIRE STATION N0 4

ROBERT VENTURI

1966

LEICESTER ENGINEERING

BUILDING

JAMES STIRLING

1959

VOUKSENNISKA CHURCH, IMARTA

ALVAR AALTO

1956-1958

REPETITIVE TO

UNIQUE

RECTANGLE OVERLAPPED

BY CIRCLE

FIRE STATION N0 4

ROBERT VENTURI

1966

LEICESTER ENGINEERING

BUILDING

JAMES STIRLING

1959

VOUKSENNISKA CHURCH, IMARTA

ALVAR AALTO

1956-1958

REPETITIVE TO

UNIQUE

UNIQUE IN REPETITIVE

FIELD

FIRE STATION N0 4

ROBERT VENTURI

1966

LEICESTER ENGINEERING

BUILDING

JAMES STIRLING

1959

VOUKSENNISKA CHURCH, IMARTA

ALVAR AALTO

1956-1958

REPETITIVE TO

UNIQUE

UNIQUE ADDED TO

REPETITIVE

FIRE STATION N0 4

ROBERT VENTURI

1966

LEICESTER ENGINEERING

BUILDING

JAMES STIRLING

1959

VOUKSENNISKA CHURCH, IMARTA

ALVAR AALTO

1956-1958

REPETITIVE TO

UNIQUE

UNIQUE DEFINED BY

REPETITIVE

FIRE STATION N0 4

ROBERT VENTURI

1966

LEICESTER ENGINEERING

BUILDING

JAMES STIRLING

1959

VOUKSENNISKA CHURCH, IMARTA

ALVAR AALTO

1956-1958

FORMATIVE

IDEAS

Suatu ide formatif dimana ada bagian-bagian yang dibentuk atau

dihilangkan ketika menciptakan suatu bentukkan.

ADDITIVE &

SUBTRACTIVE

ADDITIVE &

SUBTRACTIVE

SUBTRACTIVE

ADDITIVE

ADDITIVE &

SUBTRACTIVE SUBTRACTIVE

ADDITIVE &

SUBTRACTIVE ADDITIVE

FORMATIVE

IDEAS

Keseimbangan tercipta di antara komponen yang menciptakan suatu

bentukkan.

SYMMETRY & BALANCE

SYMMETRY & BALANCE

SYMMETRY

BALANCE BY

CONFIGURATION

BALANCE BY GEOMETRY

BALANCE BY POSITIVE

& NEGATIVE

SYMMETRY &

BALANCE SYMMETRY

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

SYMMETRY &

BALANCE

BALANCE BY

CONFIGURATION

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

SYMMETRY &

BALANCE BALANCE BY GEOMETRY

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

SYMMETRY &

BALANCE

BALANCE BY POSITIVE &

NEGATIVE

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

FORMATIVE

IDEAS

Ide formatif dimana konsep dari bidang dan geometri solid

digunakan untuk menentukan bentukkan bangunan.

GEOMETRY & GRID

GEOMETRY & GRID

BASIC

GEOMETRY

CIRCLE &

SQUARE

RECTANGLE

OVERLAPPED BY

CIRCLE

TWO SQUARES

NINE-SQUARE

FOUR-SQUARE

1.4 & 1.6

RECTANGLE

GEOMETRIC

DERIVATIVES

ROTATED, SHIFTED

& OVERLAPPED

PINWHEL, RADIAL

& SPIRAL

GRID

GEOMETRY & GRID

BASIC GEOMETRY

CIRCLE & SQUARE

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

GEOMETRY & GRID

RECTANGLE OVERLAPPED

BY CIRCLE

TWO SQUARES

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

GEOMETRY & GRID

NINE-SQUARE

FOUR-SQUARE

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

GEOMETRY & GRID

1.4 & 1.6 RECTANGLE

GEOMETRIC DERIVATIVES

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

GEOMETRY & GRID

ROTATED, SHIFTED &

OVERLAPPED

PINWHEEL, RADIAL &

SPIRAL

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

GEOMETRY & GRID

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

GRID

FORMATIVE

IDEAS

Menggambarkan disposisi relatif dari bagian-bagian, dan

merupakan tema ketika merancang ruang dan mengorganisasikan

kelompok ruang dan bentuk.

CONFIGURATION

PATTERNS

CONFIGURATION

PATTERNS

LINEAR : USE

LINEAR :

CIRCULATION

CENTRAL :

USE

CENTRAL :

CIRCULATION

DOUBLE

CENTER

CLUSTER

NESTED

CONCENTRIC

BINUCLEAR

CONFIGURATION

PATTERNS LINEAR

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

LINEAR : USE

LINEAR : CIRCULATION

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

CONFIGURATION

PATTERNS CENTRAL

CENTRAL : USE

CENTRAL : CIRCULATION

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

CONFIGURATION

PATTERNS DOUBLE CENTER

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

CONFIGURATION

PATTERNS CLUSTER

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

CONFIGURATION

PATTERNS NESTED

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

CONFIGURATION

PATTERNS CONCENTRIC

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

CONFIGURATION

PATTERNS BINUCLEAR

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

FORMATIVE

IDEAS

Progression adalah pola dari perubahan secara berkala yang

menggambarkan pergerakan dari satu kondisi/atribut ke kondisi

lain.

PROGRESSION

PROGRESSION

HIERARCHY

TRANSITION

TRANSFORMATION

MEDIATION

PROGRESSION HIERARCHY

OSTERLARS CHURCH

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

12TH CENTURY

EINSIEDELN ABBEY

KASPAR MOOSBRUGGER

1719-1735

DIRECTOR’S HOUSE

CLAUDE NICHOLAS LEDOUX

1775-1779

PROGRESSION TRANSITION

GUILD HOUSE

ROBERT VENTURI

1961

HOUSE OF THE FAUN

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

2ND CENTURY BC

SOUTH PLATFORM AT MONTE

ALBAN

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

C.500

PROGRESSION TRANSFORMATION

CHURCH OF SAN LORENZO

GUARINO GUARINI

1666-1679

SAN MARIA DELLA

CONSOLAZIONE

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

1508

CHURCH AT FIRMINY-VERT

LE CORBUSIER

1963

PROGRESSION MEDIATION

ROYAL CHANCELLERY

ERIK GUNNAR ASPLUND

1922

ALLEN ART MUSEUM ADDITION

ROBERT VENTURI

1973-1976

THE ATHENEUM

RICHARD MEIER

1975-1979

FORMATIVE

IDEAS

Miniatur dari keseluruhan atau bagian utama dari suatu bangunan.

Komponen yang dikecilkan bisa merupakan bagian dari keseluruhan,

atau merupakan elemen penunjang yang ditambahkan ke bagian

utama.

REDUCTIONS

REDUCTIONS

LARGE PLUS SMALL

REDUCTIONS

PART OF WHOLE

REDUCTION

REDUCTIONS LARGE PLUS SMALL

REDUCTION

THE SALUTATION

EDWIN LUTYENS

1911

SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE

JORN UTZON

1957-1968

SHUKOSA BUILDING

ARATA ISOZAKI

1974-1975

REDUCTIONS PART OF WHOLE

REDUCTION

EASTON NESTON

NICHOLAS HAWKSMOOR

C.1695-1710

STRATFORD HALL

ARCHITECT UNKNOWN

1725

ERDMAN HALL DORMITORIES

LOUIS I KAHN

1960-1965