precarious housing - marja katisko
DESCRIPTION
Marja Katisko, Researcher at Helsinki Metropolitan Region Urban Research Program presents on homelessness among newcomer youth in Finland.TRANSCRIPT
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Precarious Housing among Migrant Communities: A Multi-Sectoral Discussion 15th May 2014 Toronto
Dr. Marja Katisko, Helsinki Metropolitan Urban Research Programme, Finland
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1. About Finland 2. National Programme to reduce long-term homelessness in Finland 3. The European Typology of Homelessness and Housing Exclusion 4. Katisko (2013) Homelessness among immigrants in Helsinki Metropolitan area (survey)
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Source: Statistics Finland, 2014 http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_vaesto_en.html#foreigners
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Statistics: Asylum-seekers and Refugees
Source: Statistics Finland, 2014 http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_vaesto_en.html#foreigners
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FEANTSA – The European Federation of National Organizations working with the Homeless.
ETHOS – The European Typology of Homelessness and Housing Exclusion
ETHOS was developed as a means of improving understanding and measurements of homelessness in Europe, and to provide a common language for transnational changes on homelessness.
Homelessness is a process, rather than a statistic phenomenon that affects many vulnerable households at different points of their lives
The typology was launched in 2005 and it is used for different purposes: as a framework for debate, data collection, policy making, monitoring, and media coverage. How do we define home?
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Home is a decent place, that provides shelter for individuals or families
Home is a physical place which the inhabitants govern
Home provides privacy and a social space to build social relationships
Every person should have the opportunity to stand up for his/her tenants rights (legal space)
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After War: The storage and control of an marginal groups (1945-end of 1960’s)
Tranformation Period (end of 60’to end of 80’)
Structural Change – New system and its renewal (end of 80’ to 2006/2007)
New Tranformation Period – New System? New Challenges?
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The goverment approved a national programme to reduce homelessness and eliminate long-term homelessness by 2015
Reinforcing the Housing First – approach as a mainstream principle for housing
Long-term homelessness = a person whose homelessness become prolonged and chronic, or is threatening to became chronic (over 1 year of homelessness or repeadtedly homeless during past 3 years)
The first phase took place from 2008 to 2011. It focused on reducing the long-term homelessness.
Traditional short-term shelters were transformed into supported housing units that facilitate independent living
The second phase (2012- 2015) focuses on preventing homelessness
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Living in a shelter is always a temporary solution, but it can turn to be permanent
You dont have privacy You have only very limited professional help in
your problems Hostels sustain a culture of irresponsibility:
problems in hostels are resolved in a very straightforward manner: if you end up in trouble either you are thrown out or you leave on your own and also leave the problems behind, ulsolved
Hostels create ”a culture of silence” Source: Juha Kaakinen, Programme Leader: Long term perspectives: From Housing First to Ending Homelessness.
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”Name on the door” - A basic human need to have privacy - A rental contract of one’s own (not second-hand contract or temporary
social contract) - A permanent housing allows other problems to be solved: non-drinking
is not requirement for permanent housing - Separation of housing and services - Individually tailored services based on an assesment of needs - The solutions for homelessness cannot be temporary - Conventional shelters and dorminatory hostels are not anymore
adequate responses to homelessness: hostels will be converted into supported housing units
Source: Juha Kaakinen, Programme Leader: Long term perspectives: From Housing First to Ending Homelessness.
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Housing First Appropriate accommodation is a precondition for
solving other social and health problems (traditional staircase approach)
The goal is to provide a permanent housing solution for homeless people as quickly as possible, combined with flexible social support based on their needs
The program is based on a partnership between the central goverment and the ten largest municipalities affected by homelessness
The program is coordinated by the Finnish Housing Association and is funded by Finlands Slot Machine Association
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Source: The Housing Finance and Development Centre of Finland, ara, 2014 http://www.housingfirst.fi/files/3461/The_ARA_s_report_Homelessness_in_Finland_2013_(14_2_2014).pdf
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Katisko (2013) Homelessness among immigrants in Helsinki Metropolitan area
Survey of social workers working in municipalites (n=82)
Who are the homeless immigrants? What leads immigrants to homelessnes? How are
their situations? Families: ◦ Somali:32 ◦ Estonian: 13 ◦ Russian: 8 ◦ Others: Irak, Turkey, Afghanistan ◦ Common family composition: single mothers, 1 child
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Substance Use
Divorce
Family Conflict Residential
Mobility
Unemployment
Illness
Financial Situation Eviction Other
Reasons
Unaffordable Housing
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Sukulaisten tai ystävien luona Jälleenvuokrausasunnossa Majoituspalveluasunnossa Turvakodissa Muualla, missä
Relatives and Friends
Hotels/Motels
Secondary leasing
Emergency Housing
Other
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African background: (98 people) European background: (70 people) Asian background: (62 people)
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Divorce
Family Conflict
Language Skills Mental Health Housing Policies Racism Substance
Use
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Thematic interviews with youth (18-29 years of age) 40 interviews (April 2014) Different backgrounds and different reasons for
immigrating to Finland: uncompanied minor asylum seekers, refugees, work, marriage.
Preliminary analysis ◦ Children come to Finland as unaccompanied minors
seeking asylum. When they reach 18 years of age they must move out from special housing centres.
◦ Youth move from elsewhere in Finland to Helsinki in order to live with friends or members of their own ethic group
◦ Make decisions to move based on rumors, presumptions, informal knowlegde about work, and housing possibities in Helsinki area
◦ There is not enough support to lead an independent life ◦ Women and free labour
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Thank You for listening! [email protected] Helsinki Metropolitan Region Urban Research
Program, Finland http://www.helsinki.fi/kaupunkitutkimus/eng
lish/index.htm