Pretreatment Techniques In Oil Refining

Outline•Pretreatment Process

•Why Pretreatment Process?

•Activity of Enzymes

•Various Pre Treatment Process

•Statistics and Graphs

•Conclusion

What is a Pretreatment Process?

• Raw Material

• Effective handling of the batch• Efficient Extraction Of Oil

1.Receiving and Storage

Train

ShipBarge

Trucks

Receiving

SampleAnalysis

Drying Storage

Seed Preparation

2. Preparation for Extraction

Seed From Storage Scaling Cleaning Process

Drying

CrackingDehulling

Flaking

Cooking

Heat Treatment

Extraction Process

Activity of Enzymes

Lipase •Free Fatty Acids

Lipoxy Genase

•Increase Secondary Oxidation Products

Phospho Lipase

•Increase the Non Hydra table Phospho Lipids

Why Pretreatment Process?Decrease wear and tear of Process

equipment

Efficient and Effective extraction of oil

Inactivation of Enzymes

Sources of Edible oils

World wide Top 10 Oil Productions1. 3.

2. 4.

Ground Nut

5. 6.

7. 8.

9. 10.

Oil Content in Fruits and Kernels

Olive Palm Palm Kernel Coconut0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Oil Content

Fruits

Oil Content in Seeds

Canola Corn Cotton Seed

Peanut Soybean Sunflower0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Oil Content

Fruit Reception

Sterilization

CPO CPKO

Canola Oil

Cleaning

OversizeScreening

UndersizeScreening

ElectroMagneticScreening

Heat TreatmentHeated : 30-40 C

• Fluid Bed Type Dryers• Rotary Kilns with steam heated coils

Fluid Bed Type Dryers

More Pliable Less Likely to shatter Reduce the moisture

FlakingFlakes: 0.4 - 0.7 mm

• Single stage flaking rolls• Double stage flaking rolls

Fractures the starch matrix Ruptures the cell walls More efficiently oil is leached out in subsequent solvent extraction

Flaking rolls

Cooking

Stacked Cookers

• Heated : 75-100 C• Ambient Air : 5-7% Moist

Rotary Cookers

Stack Cookers

Coalesces minute oil droplets into larger

Facilitate oil and meal separation

Insolubilisation of Phospholipids

Increased fluidity of the oil

Inactivation of enzyme (Myrosinose)

(Phospholipase)

RBD Canola Oil

Crude Canola Oil Bleached Refined

Peanut Oil

Cleaning De Shelling Drying

CrackingDehulling

Heat Treatment Flaking Cooking

Extraction

Pre Treatment Process

De Hulling Process

Dehulling Machine

Hulled Dehulled

1.Increases Efficiency2.Increase the Capacity of

Extraction Equipment3.Reduce wear and tear of

Equipment

Crude Peanut Oil RBD Peanut Oil

RBD Peanut Oil

Groundnut oil Cake

Rice Bran Oil

Increase In FFA

Lipolytic Enzyme

Quality of Bran

Rice Variety

Treatment of Grain

Type of Milling

Degree Of Milling

Rice Bran to Oil

Stabilization

Pelletization

Stabilization•Arrest lipase and lipoxy genase activity

•Improve oil extraction efficiency

•Reduce fines in crude oil

•Reduce color development

Pelletization

Refined Rice Bran Oil

Pellets

1. Rice Bran Converted to pellets of uniform size

2. Diameter ranges 6-8 mm3. Pelletization makes process efficient for oil extraction.

Coconut Oil

Sun Drying

• Kernels are separated from Shell• Drying 6-8 Days• Moisture 50% -- 6-8%

Hot Air Drying

Cleaning Grinding

Flaked

Cooking Extraction

Copra

(1) 8 Red/50 Yellow in the Lovi bond scale (2) Copra meal with 8% maximum residual oil (3) Approximately 0.6 cm and 6% maximum meal fines.

Crude Coconut Oil RBD Coconut Oil

RBD Coconut Oil

Olive Oil

Pre Treatment Process

Cold Pressing

Roll Crushers Cold Pressing

Refined Olive Oil

Refined Olive Oil Green Bottles

Cotton Seed Oil

Cleaning Delinting

Dehulling

Separating Flaking

Cooking

Pre Treatment Process

• Moisture 11%• Flakes 0.12-0.25• Enzyme Gossypol

Refined Cotton Seed Oil

Crude Cotton Seed Oil RBD Cotton Seed Oil Cotton Seed Cake

Delinting

Linted Seed Delinted Seed

ConclusionEase the oil extraction

Enzyme inactivation

Technology

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