pre-civil war civil war reconstruction goal 3. slave codes slaves had few legal rights could not...
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Pre-Civil WarCivil WarReconstruction
Goal 3
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Slave Codes
• slaves had few legal rights • Could not testify against whites • Could not enter in contracts• Could not own property• Could not strike a white person• Could not travel without a permit• Could not assemble without white supervision• Could not be taught to read or write• Could not legally marry• Punishment = whipping, branding, imprisonment,
death
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Compromise of 1850 =Clay’s Compromise
• CA = Free state• Utah Territory &New Mexico Territory =
Popular Sovereignty (people get to vote about slavery)
• Fugitive Slave Act (more strict)—heavy penalties (fines, prison) for helping runaway slaves
• Slave trade banned in DC – could not buy or sell slaves in the capital city
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Underground Railroadsecret network that helped runaway slaves
get to freedom in Canada
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Harriet Tubman – most famous conductor on the Underground RR
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Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
• Formerly Missouri Compromise territory• Supposed to be free• Divide Territory into 2 states (KS & NE)• Popular Sovereignty—people get to vote
on whether or not slavery would be allowed
• Repealed Missouri Compromise
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Bleeding Kansasradical pro and anti slavery supporters rushed into Kansas
to vote—led to violence & murder
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John BrownRadical, militant abolitionist
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John Brown
• Pottawatomie Creek Massacre – Brown & his followers murdered proslavery supporters (chopped off their hands)
• Raid at Harpers Ferry – (VA) plans to steal weapons from the US arsenal & give them to slaves to lead a rebellion – Captured by Robert E. Lee & Marines– Tried & hanged for treason
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Lincoln-Douglas Debates
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Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• Campaigning for the Illinois Senate seat• Lincoln (Republican) v. Douglas (Democrat)
• Lincoln – more anti-slavery (b/c against extension of slavery)
• Douglas – more pro-slavery b/c of popular sovereignty
• Douglas won
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Popular Sovereignty
• Residents of a territory or state voted on whether or not to allow slavery
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Stephen Douglas—Popular Sovereignty
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Sumner-Brooks Incident
• Preston Brooks (pro-slavery)• Charles Sumner (anti-slavery)• Brooks attacked Sumner in the Senate
Chamber b/c of his criticism of the South, slavery and his uncle
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Brooks – Sumner Incident
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Dred Scott v. Sanford
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Dred Scott v. Sanford
• Scott sued for his freedom b/c his owner had taken him to live in a free state
• The Supreme Court ruled that he was property and he had no legal right to bring the case (Roger Taney—Chief Justice)
• Decision will allow slavery to spread into free areas where residents voted against slavery
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe• Published in 1852• Over 300,000 sold in US • Increased the abolitionist movement• Outraged the South
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Election of 1860—Abraham Lincoln
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Abraham Lincoln
• US President – Election of 1860• 1861-1865• Republican• Goal = to save the Union • “a house divided cannot stand”
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Jefferson Davis
Confederate President
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Jefferson Davis•Confederate President• “the time for compromise has passed”
•Former Sec. of War for US
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Robert E. LeeConfederate General—Army of Virginia
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Robert E. Lee
• Confederate General • Army of Northern Virginia • Former West Point Grad / Mexican War
leader• Excellent / beloved general• Home = Arlington
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Stonewall JacksonConfederate General
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Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
• Confederate General• Excellent leader • Killed by friendly fire after
the Battle of Chancellorsville
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Ulysses GrantCommander of US Forces
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Ulysses Grant• Union General / Commander
of all Union Forces• West Point Graduate • Mexican War Veteran
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George McClellanUnion General- Army of the Potomac
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George McClellan• Union General • Army of the Potomac
(Washington DC)• Beloved by Union troops • Fired by Lincoln b/c he didn’t
follow through & capture Richmond
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William T. ShermanUnion General – MS occupation
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William Tecumseh Sherman
• Union General• Occupied Mississippi • Burned the South – “March to the
Sea” • “Sherman’s bow ties” – twisted RR
tracks • Wage Total War on the South – attack
civilians & military
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David Farragut • Union – Navy Admiral • Captured port of New Orleans • Secured the Mississippi River
for the Union • “Damn the torpedoes, full
speed ahead!”
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John Wilkes Booth Lincoln’s Assassin
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John Wilkes Booth• Famous actor• Killed President Lincoln • Confederate sympathizer
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Fort Sumter, SC1st shots of the Civil War
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Appomattox Courthouse, VA
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Bull Run -- Manassas
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Bull Run / Manassas •1st battle of Civil War
• July 21, 1861•Considered a Confederate
victory b/c the Union retreated•Neither side thought it would
be a serious battle •Union picnickers even came to
watch (Bad Idea!)•Some actually thought the war
was over after this battle
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Bull Run -- Manassas• Leaders – Union Gen. Irvin McDowell
Confederate Gen. Johnston & Gen. Beauregard
• Where Thomas Jackson got his nickname “Stonewall” Jackson
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Shiloh
• Leaders – US Grant (Union)• March 1862• Tennessee – church• CSA troops accidentally found Union
encampment • Draw / tie –some see it as a CSA victory
b/c of the surprise attack• Taught both sides to be prepared
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Antietam /Battle of Sharpsburg
•Sept. 17, 1862•Bloodiest single day of battle in American History
•23,000 casualties•Union victory•George MCClellan (Union)•Robert E. Lee (Confederate)
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Chancellorsville
• Leader – Stonewall Jackson (CSA)• May • Virginia• Confederate victory• After the battle Stonewall Jackson was
accidentally shot by friendly fire / arm amputated
• Later died from pneumonia
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Vicksburg
• Leader – US Grant• Vicksburg, Mississippi • July 1863• 6 week siege of the city • Helps the Union control the Mississippi • Same time that Gettysburg is lost by the
CSA
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Gettysburg
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Gettysburg
• General Robert E Lee v. General Meade• The Turning Point of the Civil War• July 1863• Last & only time the Confederate troops
invade the North• MAJOR Confederate defeat• Over 50,000 casualties
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Minnie Ball
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Long Rangel Rifle
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CSS Hunley
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Iron Clads
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USS Monitor
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Clara Barton• Union Nurse• “Angel of the
Battlefield”• Founded the
American Red Cross