pre – ap biology molecules of life (2.4) part 1. dehydration & hydrolysis reactions involving...
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Carbohydrate Monomer Molecular Structures Remember, Stored Hydrogen = EnergyTRANSCRIPT
Pre – AP Biology
Molecules of Life (2.4)Part 1
Dehydration & Hydrolysis reactions involving monomers & polymers
Carbohydrate Monomer Molecular Structures
Remember, Stored Hydrogen = Energy
Carbohydrate PolymersStarch – stored plant sugars
Glycogen – stored animal sugars
Cellulose of plant cell walls
Chitin
Lipids
Dehydration Synthesis Reaction to make LipidsCompare the number of Hydrogen in a lipid to that in a
Carbohydrate
Saturated vs. Unsaturated
Phospholipid structure
Cell MembranesSee the phospholipid bi-layer?
See the cholesterol too?
WaxesAlcohol + Oil
Steroid Structure
AtherosclerosisNormal artery on left
Clogged artery on right (See the cholesterol plaques on the inside?)
Pre – AP Biology
Molecules of Life (2.4)Part 2
Proteins
Some Amino AcidsCan you spot the amine functional groups?
Can you spot the carboxyl functional groups?These are Hydrophobic
Some more Amino AcidsThese are Hydrophilic (Why?)
Answer
Because the have charges – positive, negative, both (polar)
Peptide BondingWhat type of chemical reaction is occurring to make this polymer?
Insulin protein: Primary 1’ sequence
See the sequence of amino acids?
Sickle Cell DiseaseThe sixth amino acid has been changed in
the primary sequence
2’ structureThe Hydrogen bonding gives the protein
flexibility.
3’ StructureNotice the sulfur. Remember, sulfhdryl
functional groups?
4’ Structure in a Red Blood cell
Protein’s Natural Form
Denaturation of a proteinWhat bonds do you think broke
allowing this to happen?
Answer:
Hydrogen
Remember, they are weak bonds.
Nucleic Acid Structure
Complimentary Base Pairing Always a pyrimidine paired with a purine
Double Helix of DNA
Watson and Crick with their model of DNA What are scientific model for again?
Answer:
To help explain concepts visually which are hard to
see in real life.
Genes and EvolutionHow many are in common versus
different?