pre-ap biology - flagstaff unified school district / … biology pacing power standards vocabulary...

Pre-AP Biology

Pacing Power Standards Vocabulary Assessment Title

Quarter 1 Science

Practices

Big Ideas

Experimental Design College Board

AP Biology 1 -

7

College

Board AP

Biology 1 -

4

Statistical significance

Chi-squared value

Critical value

Experimental treatment

Control

Null hypothesis

Ultimate reason for animal behavior

Innate versus learned behavior

Altruism

Animal Behavior lab miniposter &

presentation

Experimental design and animal

behavior lab quiz

Ecological Interactions College Board

AP Biology 1 -

7

College

Board AP

Biology 1 -

4

Mean rate of population growth

Logistic population growth model

Exponential population growth

Disturbance & ecological succession

Carrying capacity

Keystone species

Biodiversity

Habitat fragmentation

Ecosystem services

Common garden design

Effect of climate on species assemblages

Ecological interactions exam

Arboretum service-learning trip for

Southwestern Experimental Garden

Array (SEGA) study design

introduction and discussion of climate

model data

Cell structure and

function

1 - 7 1 - 4 Cell theory (and historical context)

Factory model of cell

Origin of organelles and endosymbiosis

Xylem

Stomata

Unique properties of water (H-bonds)

Density calculation

Stomata lab quiz

Osmosis and diffusion lab report

Cell structure and function exam

Standard deviation

Standard error of the mean

Water transport/transpiration

Cell membrane model (and historical context)

Alveoli

Microvilli

Surface area to volume ratio

Diffusion

Osmosis

Concentration gradient

Mitochondria structure/function

Hypo-, Hyper, isotonic solutions

Pre-AP Biology

Pacing Power Standards Vocabulary Assessment Title

Quarter 2 Science

Practices

Big Ideas

Ecological Energy and

energy dynamics

College Board

AP Biology 1 -

7

College

Board AP

Biology 1 -

4

Density dependent pop. factors

Energy mismatch

Food webs and flow of energy

Trophic cascade

Trophic structure and efficiency

Bioaccumulation and biomagnification

Invasive nonnative species

Ecological energy mismatch

1st and 2nd law of thermodynamics

Conservation of matter/mass

Enzyme structure and function

Buffering and blood homeostasis

Fermentation

Chloroplast structure and function

Model organisms

Computer model: Rabbits, weeds,

grass

Online database (eBIRDS) inquiry

investigation about competition for

limited ecological energy

Photosynthesis lab quiz (calculation

of net primary productivity) from

student propagated plants

Enzyme lab report

Energy energy exam

Photosynthesis, primary productivity energy

calculations, and where the biomass comes from

Cellular respiration, connection to ATP cycle,

and where the matter goes

The Cell Cycle and

Cancer

College Board

AP Biology 1 -

7

College

Board AP

Biology 1 -

4

Chromosomes

Sister chromatids

Mitosis

G0, G1, G2, M-phase

Asexual reproduction strategy

Stem cells and cell differentiation

Hallmarks of cancer

Lab: calculation and comparison of

rate of mitosis in plant meristem and

animal blastulas & model mitosis

Cell cycle quiz

Quarter 3 Science

Practices

Big Ideas Vocabulary Assessment Title

Meiosis, sexual reproductive strategy, and Mendelian genetics

College Board

AP Biology 1 -

7

College

Board AP

Biology 1 -

4

Genetic recombination and diversity Homologous chromosomes/pairs Random assortment Crossing over Random fertilization Karyotype and chromosome abnormalities Allele Dominant and recessive Phenotype and genotype Punnett squares Monohybrid cross Dihybrid cross Sex chromosomes Sex-linked trait and inheritance Pedigree Genetic disorders/disease Genotype (DNA) testing The effect of environment on phenotype Polygenetic inheritance

Meiosis lab: model meiosis, summarize sources of genetic diversity, use karyotype analysis to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities, compare/contrast advantages of asexual and sexual reproduction Are you a supertaster lab report Polygenetic inheritance: skin color and heart disease with pedigree connection Genetics exam

DNA to trait and biotechnology

College Board

AP Biology 1 -

7

College

Board AP

Biology 1 -

DNA, double-helix, sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base, hydrogen and covalent bonds Heavy vs. light isotopes and Meselson Stahl

Lab: Model the structure of DNA and connection to history

4 experiment Semiconservative model of replication DNA replication, DNA polymerase RNA structure Transcription, RNA polymerase Ribosome tRNA Translation Codons Messenger RNA Mutation: definition, substitution, silent, frame-shift, positive, negative, neutral Mutagen Sickle-cell mutation case-study SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) DNA sequencing, genomes Restriction enzymes Gel electrophoresis RFLP analysis (DNA fingerprinting) Recombinant DNA technology Bacterial transformation

Models: DNA replication, transcription, and translation Sickle-cell case-study and connection to natural selection Gel electrophoresis lab: lab procedures and crime-scene simulation DNA and biotechnology Exam

Quarter 4 Science

Practices

Big Ideas Vocabulary Assessment Title

Evolution College Board

AP Biology 1 -

7

College

Board AP

Biology 1 -

4

Homology: definition, morphological, embryological, molecular Transitional fossil, Tiktaalik Common ancestry/ancestor Phylogenies, trees, cladogram Artificial selection Natural selection: survival and reproductive advantage, fitness Antibiotics Genetic resistance Sexual selection Types of selection: directional, stabilizing, disruptive Allele frequency calculation and change in Microevolution

Lab: Natural selection - antibiotic resistance in bacteria Lab: Artificial selection - selection for tall rapid plants Lab: Solving a Phylogenetic Puzzle (lizards of the Canary Islands) Model: Population Genetics Evolution exam

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Gene pool Gene flow Genetic diversity Genetic drift: genetic bottleneck Mechanisms of evolution: natural selection and genetic drift Inbreeding and risk of small population size Loss of genetic diversity and risks of Translocation experiments

Animal Physiology College Board

AP Biology 1 -

7

College

Board AP

Biology 1 -

4

Zoonosis, zoonotic disease, evolution of Disease transmission Vector diagram Virus: structure, why not living, replication, lytic cycle, keys, host species and cell-type specificity, evolution rate, influenza, Hemagglutinin, and neuraminidase genes, HIV Genetic resistance in humans - CCR5 mutation Macrophage and phagocytosis Antibody and antigen interaction B-cells, memory B-cells, and immunological memory Primary and secondary immune response Quorum sensing in bacteria Signal transduction pathway: signal molecule (hormone), protein receptor, reception, relay molecules, transduction, response Blood glucose homeostasis Insulin Glucagon Negative feedback diagram Diabetes Neuron structure and function: dendrites, cell body, axon, Schwann cell, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier, axon terminals, synaptic cleft, synapse, presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons Action potential: Na+ and K+ channels, Na/K pump

Discussion answers to Jared Diamond's article: Arrow of Disease Animal physiology Quiz

Neurotransmitters and dopamine Neurotransmission The effects of drugs on neurotransmission

College Board AP Biology

The 4 Big Ideas This course is structured around four big ideas identified in the 2012 College Board curriculum framework for biology. Each unit will integrate all four big ideas. Big idea 1 The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. Big idea 2 Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. Big idea 3 Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes. Big idea 4 Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. Science Practices (S.P.) Science practices enable students to establish lines of evidence and use them to develop and refine testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena. Each lesson will require that students apply one or more science practices. Over the course on any given unit, students will have applied all seven science practices multiple times. The science practices identified in the 2012 College Board curriculum framework for biology include:

1. Students will create, describe, refine, and use scientific representations and models of scientific phenomena to analyze situations or solve problems.

2. Students will justify the use of mathematical routines to solve problems, apply a mathematical routine to a data set, and apply appropriate estimation techniques.

3. Students will engage in scientific questioning by posing, refining, and evaluating scientific questions.

4. Students will plan and implement data collection strategies by selecting the type of data necessary to answer a question, designing a plan for data collection, collecting data, and/or evaluating sources of data.

5. Students will perform data analysis and evaluate evidence by searching for patterns and relationships, refining observations and measurements based on these, and evaluate data presented in data sets in relation to a scientific question.

6. Students will justify claims using scientific evidence, construct explanations based on evidence, make predictions, evaluate alternative scientific explanations, and explain why scientific explanations are refined or replaced.

7. Students will connect knowledge of phenomena and models across both spatial and temporal scales and connect concepts across domains.

Pacing Power Standards

Quarter 1 Learning Objectives

Ecology Big idea 4 and 2

Energy dynamics Science Practices 1 -7



Molecules to cells Big ideas 3 and 4

Mitosis and meiosis Science Practices 1 -7

Genetics



DNA to protein Big ideas 1 and 3

Biotechnology Science Practices 1 -7

Evolution started



Evolution continued Big ideas 1 and 4

Homeostasis Science Practices 1 - 7

Human disease and immunity

Nervous system and drug connection

AP Biology

Unit I: Ecological Interactions (three weeks)

Topics Readings Activities/Labs & Assessment

A. Population ecology:

abiotic, biotic & density-

dependent factors, need

for free energy, growth

curves, demographics,

life history and trade-off

B. Species interactions:

types of interactions,

trophic structure,

diversity and stability,

disturbance

C. Ecosystems and

energy: laws of

conservation, limiting

factors, energy transfer,

biological and

geochemical processes

cycle nutrients

40.3 – 40.6

43.5

Read: Binkley article

41.1 – 41.5, 43.1 & 43.3

42.1 – 42.4 & P. 899

· Discuss Binkley article (Kaibab deer population)

· Discuss life-history patterns and trade-offs

· Science skills exercise: can mycorrhizae help plants cope with high-temperature soils?

· Use multiple resources to discuss patterns of biodiversity

· Science skills exercise: How efficient is energy transfer in a salt marsh ecosystem?

· Host guest-speaker from Northern Arizona University to introduce the Southwest

experimental Garden Array (SEGA) project

· Explore climate change models for the Flagstaff region and make predictions about

changes in vegetation structure, fire intensity/frequency, and economic impacts

· Discuss data on ecological mismatch (due to climate change)

· Summarize patterns of terrestrial and aquatic primary production

AP Lab #10: Energy Dynamics

Assessment: lab quiz, FRQ, multiple-choice & grid-in questions

* Service-learning trip for fire-management data collection: Walnut Canyon

* Optional 5-day service-learning trip to N. Rim of the Grand Canyon

Unit II: Plant Form and Function (three weeks)

Topics Readings Activities, Labs & Assessment

A. H-bonding and

properties of water,

evolution of terrestrial

plants, water transport in

plants, transpiration

mechanism and trade-offs,

stomata regulation

B. Lipids, membrane

structure and function,

C. Diffusion, osmosis,

and water potential, types

of cellular transport

D. Signal transduction,

plant responses to internal

and external factors:

tropisms, response to

light, drought & common

garden experiments

2.5, 26.1, 26.2, 29.1, 29.3 –

29.6

3.4, 5.1 – 5.2

5.3, 5.4, 29.2, 32.3

5.3 – 5.4, 29.2, 32.3, P.

617 – 619, 624, 626 – 635

· Scientific skills exercise: Using a scale-bar to calculate surface area and volume of a

cell

· Create artificial membranes and view under the microscope. Connect to abiogenesis.

· Discuss the structure of the phospholipid, connect to the phosphorous cycle, and

diagram the structure/function of the plasma membrane

· Scientific skills exercise: Is glucose-uptake affected by cell age?

AP Lab #4: Diffusion and Osmosis

· Kinesthetically model transpiration

AP Lab #11 Transpiration

· Watch/discuss: Bonnie Bassler’s TED Talk on quorum sensing

· Kinesthetically act out the steps in a signal transduction pathway

· Case-study of negative feedback: stomata regulation

· Scientific skills exercise: Do drought-stressed plants communicate their condition to

their neighbors?

· Scientific skills exercise: Nature versus nurture – why are leaves from northern red

maples “toothier” than leaves from southern red maples?

· Seed-dormancy inquiry discussion


Unit III: The Energy of Life (six weeks)


A. Carbon, monomers

and polymers,

carbohydrates

B. Thermodynamics:

conservation of energy

and mass, entropy, energy

transformations, free

energy, ATP, connection

back to ecosystems

C. Enzymes: structure,

function and regulation,

lysosomes, phenotype

determined through

protein activities,

buffering

D. Photosynthesis:

chloroplast structure and

function, light-reactions,

Calvin Cycle

E. Cellular Respiration:

mitochondrion structure

and function, glycolysis,

Krebs Cycle and

Oxidative phosphorylation

F. Connections:

endothermy, exothermy,

energy needs,

reproduction, the origins

3.1 – 3.3

6.1 – 6.4

3.5, 6.4, 6.5

8.1 – 8.3

7.1 – 7.6

32.1, 33.1 - 33.5, 42.1, P.

610, 679 – 681, 731, 25.2,

· Inquiry activity: Carbon’s role in organic molecules, monomers to polymer, and

starch versus glycogen

· Diagram analysis: conservation of matter, laws of thermodynamics, energy

transformations, ATP-cycle

· Diagram analysis: nitrogen-cycle, amino acids, peptide bonds

· Model primary protein structure with colored pop-beads and through quaternary

structure with pipe-cleaners

· Scientific skills exercise: Does glucose 6-phosphatase activity change over time in

isolated liver cells?

· Science skills exercise: does the inactivation of the PCSK9 enzyme lower LDL levels

in humans?

· Discuss structure and function of lysosomes

AP Lab #13: Enzyme Activity

· Discuss the significance of the oxygen revolution

· Plant pigment inquiry investigation using spectrophotometer

· Science skills exercise: does atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration affect the

productivity of crops?

· Explore evidence that oxygen arises from the splitting of water

· Play a role in the photosynthesis play

AP Lab #5: Photosynthesis

· Discuss and model mitochondrion & chloroplast structure and function in the

mechanism of chemiosmosis

· Scientific skills exercise: Which prokaryotes are most closely related to mitochondria

(endosymbiosis)?

· Play a role in the cellular respiration play

AP Lab #6: Cellular Respiration

· Science skills exercise: does thyroid hormone level affect oxygen consumption in

cells?

· Graphical analysis: exo- vs. endothermy

· Science skills exercise: what are the energy costs of locomotion?

· Watch/discuss TED Talk on the “secret” of weight loss

· Science skills exercise: what are the roles of the ob and db genes in appetite

regulation?

of multicellularity,

hierarchy of organization,

ruminant digestion


Unit IV: Patterns of Inheritance (4 weeks)


A. Role of cell-division,

mitosis, regulation, cancer

B. Asexual versus sexual

reproduction, homologous

chromosomes, meiosis,

genetic diversity

C. Mendelian patterns of

inheritance, complex

patterns, human genetic

disorders, pedigree

analysis

D. Chromosomes, sex-

linked inheritance, linked

genes and map distance,

alteration in chromosomes

25.2, 33.3, 33.4

9.1 – 9.3, 36.1, 10.1 – 10.4,

24.3, 30.2, P. 412-413

11.1 – 11.4

12.1 – 12.4

· Science skills exercise: at what phase is the cell cycle arrested by an inhibitor?

AP Lab #7: Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

· Science skills exercise: do monkey flower species differ in allocating energy to

sexual versus asexual reproduction?

· Science skills exercise: does DNA content change as budding yeast cells proceed

through meiosis?

· Model independent assortment

· NCCSTS case-study: Why sex is good?

· Sexual selection inquiry: are males accurately advertising the quality of their genes?

· Discuss representations of genetic recombination in bacteria

· Given a data set, determine the pattern of inheritance

· Identify and describe nonmendelian patterns of inheritance

· Apply the chi-squared test to genetics data

· Science skills exercise: what is the distribution of phenotypes among offspring of two

parents who are both heterozygous for three additive genes?

· Science skills exercise: are two genes linked or unlinked?

· Explore & discuss a case-study of a human genetic disorder

· Karyotype on-line activities


Unit V: DNA and Biotechnology (three weeks)


A. Historic studies:

Avery-MacLeod-

McCarty, Hershey-

Chase, Watson and

Crick, nucleotide

structure and

directionality, DNA

& RNA structure and

function, replication

B. From gene to

protein: transcription,

RNA polymerase,

RNA processing, role

of ribosomes and

rough ER,

translation, mutation

C. Biotechnology:

PCR, restriction

enzymes, gel

electrophoresis,

operons,

transformation

Watson and Crick’s 1953

Nature article

3.6, 13.1 - 13.3

4.3 – 4.4, 3.5, 14.1 – 14.5,

34.7

13.4, 24.3, 30.3

15.1

· Discuss the abiogenesis of RNA nucleotides and the DNA-world hypothesis

· NCCSTS case-study: Classic experiments in molecular biology: The transforming

principle: Identifying the molecule of inheritance

· Inquiry activity: Meselson-Stahl experiment

· Model: replication, transcription, and translation using physical manipulatives and

diagram analysis

· Discuss the structure, function, and relationship between the nucleus, endoplasmic

reticulum, ribosome, and golgi

· Identify the mutation and discuss the possible consequences

· NIH Human genetic variation discussion

AP Lab #9: Biotechnology: Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA

· Create and critique a model of the operon

· Model recombinant plasmids with pop-beads

· Discuss uses of recombinant DNA technology

AP Lab #8: Biotechnology: Bacterial Transformation

Assessment: FRQ, multiple-choice & grid-in questions

Unit VI: Regulation and Development (three weeks)

Topics

Readings Activities, Labs & Assessment

A. Regulating gene

expression:

regulatory sequences,

inducers, repressors,

negative & positive

control, transcription

factors, operons,

RNAi

B. Development:

cell differentiation,

apoptosis, homeotic

genes

C. Viruses:

replication and

recombination, rapid

evolution,

retroviruses

D. Genomes and

their evolution:

noncoding DNA,

multigene families,

chromosome

duplication,

arrangement,

comparison of

sequences

15. 2 – 15. 4

16.1 - 16.3

17.1 - 17.3

18.4 – 18.6, 23.3, 23.4

· Science skills exercise: DNA deletion experiments

· Use on-line manipulatives that illustrates gene-regulation and development and cell

differentiation

· Discuss antibiotic resistance with MRSA case-study

· Science skills exercise: analyzing quantitative and spacial gene expression data

· Explore on-line tutorials on cloning and stem cells

· Discuss case-study of FOXP2 gene

· Watch/discuss: The making of the fittest: evolving bodies evolving switches

· Watch/discuss video clips from Your Inner Fish

· Watch/discuss video clip from Great Transformation on homeotic genes

· Explore the stickle-back development case-study

· Discuss hemoglobin as a case-study of multigene family

· Got lactase video and activities

· Explore: Diet and Evolution of Salivary Amylase

· Watch & discuss ice fish video

· Science skills exercise: analyzing a DNA sequence-based phylogenetic tree to

understand viral evolution

· Case-study: Resistance Is Futile ... or Is It? The Immunity System and HIV Infection

· NCCSTA case study: Murder by HIV?

Unit VII: Evolution (six weeks)

Topics

Readings Activities, Labs & Assessment

A. Natural selection

and evidence:

biogeography,

morphology, fossils,

molecular, genetic,

mathematical models

and simulations

B. Phylogeny: tree

of life, morphological

and molecular data,

phylogenetic trees,

horizontal gene

transfer

C. Significance of

genetic variation,

description of the

mechanism, graphical

analysis of allele

frequencies in a

population, Hardy-

Weinberg

equilibrium, Genetic

Drift, genetic bottle-

neck, founder-effect,

significance to

rare/endangered

species

D. Speciation:

biological species

concept, reproduction

19.1 – 19.3

20.1 – 20.5

21.1, 21.4

22.1 – 22.4,

23.1 – 23.2

AP lab #1: Artificial Selection

· Discuss the Stanley Miller experiments: past and present

· Scientific skills exercise: can a native predator species adapt rapidly to an introduced

prey species?

· Run a natural selection computer simulation

· Science skills exercise: how much does camouflage affect predation on mice by owls

with and without moonlight?

· Read/discuss: Fish of a Different Color article

· Case-study: The Evolution of Human Skin Color

· Science skills exercise: interpreting data in a phylogenetic tree

· Science skills exercise: is there evidence of selection for defensive adaptations in

mollusk populations exposed to predators?

· Science skills exercise: are Rhesus monkeys or gibbons more closely related to

humans?

· Case-study: The Evolution of Color Vision in Monkeys: From Nucleotides to

Ecology

AP lab #3: BLAST

· Model genetic drift (population bottleneck, founder effect)

· Science skills exercise: using the Hardy-Weinberg equation to interpret data and

make predictions

AP lab #2: Mathematical Modeling Hardy-Weinberg

· Pair-share articles: genetic bottleneck in endangered species

· Discuss ring species case-study: California salamanders

· Science skills exercise: does distance between salamander populations increase their

reproductive isolation?

· Case-study: As the worm turns - the apple maggot fly

· Project: Create a speciation story in comic-strip form

· Science skills exercise: estimating quantitative data from a graph and developing

hypotheses

· Case-study: Reproductive isolation in columbines

· Argument-driven inquiry: How Has Biodiversity on Earth Changed Over Time? (use

Excel data file)

· Watch/discuss: The Day the Mesozoic Died

isolation and

allopatric/sympatric

speciation,

polyploidy

E. Macroevolution:

broad patterns in

speciation and

extinction

· Activity: weighing the evidence for a mass extinction in the ocean


Unit VIII: COORDINATION AND INTERACTION (four weeks)

Topics Readings Activities/Labs & Assessment

A. Immune system: plant

responses, nonspecific

immune response, specific

immune response, MHC

proteins, create

representations and

models to describe

immune response

B. Hormones and

feedback: regulating the

internal environment

C. Osmoregulation

D. Nervous system:

neuron structure, action

potential, Na+/K+ pump,

synapse, neurotransmitters

(stimulatory and

inhibitory), response,

brain regions

E. Behavioral ecology:

role of natural selection in

behavior, cooperation and

altruism, innate vs.

learned behavior

31.4, 35.1 – 35.3

27.1 – 27.5, 34.5, 34.7, 5.6,

32.1 – 32.4, 33.5

P. 101, 32.3, P. 661 - 662

37.1 – 37.4, 38.1 – 38.3

39.3 – 39.6, P. 312 –

414, P. 426 - 427

· Kinesthetic model of specific immune response with different colored balloons,

stickers, toothpicks

· Interpret representations of the humoral and cell-mediated specific immune responses

· Watch the Nobel Prize video on the immune system

· Science skills exercise: how does the immune system respond to a changing

pathogen?

· Science skills: do soil microorganisms protect against crop diseases?

· Read/discuss article that summarizes how many human diseases are the result of cell-

communication failures

· Case-study: Diabetes and Insulin Signaling

· Kinesthetic acting out of an action potential and release of neurotransmitter

· Understanding neurobiology through the study of addition (NIH) Lesson 3 Drugs

Change the Way Neurons Communicate

· Science skills: does the brain have specific protein receptors for opiates?

· Science skills: does the SCN control the circadian rhythm in hamsters

· Create and present a representation of negative feedback

· Science skills exercise: what role do hormones play in making a mammal or female?

· Science skills exercise: How do desert mice maintain osmotic homeostasis?

· Case-study: Muscleman: A Surprising Case of Shrinkage

· NCCSTS case study: My brother’s keeper (kin-selection)

· Discuss Seyfarth article on vervet monkey predator warning calls

· NCCSTS clicker-case: given a set of scenarios, identify the proximate and ultimate

cause of behavior

· LabBench Lab 11: Animal behavior

AP lab#12: Fruit fly behavior


pre-ap biology - flagstaff unified school district / … biology pacing power standards vocabulary...

Documents