pragmatics pragmatics cristina lorente santamarina jose espinosa lópez marta garcía de paz irene...
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PRAGMATICSPRAGMATICS
Cristina Lorente SantamarinaCristina Lorente SantamarinaJose Espinosa LópezJose Espinosa LópezMarta García de PazMarta García de PazIrene Gonzalez MoralesIrene Gonzalez Morales
OUTLINEOUTLINE
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION DefinitionDefinition Aims & PurposesAims & Purposes
2. 2. THEORIESTHEORIES 2.1. Speech acts theory2.1. Speech acts theory 2.2. Relevance theory2.2. Relevance theory 2.3. Cooperation theory2.3. Cooperation theory 2.4. Argumentation theory2.4. Argumentation theory
OUTLINEOUTLINE
3. PRAGMATIC ANALISYS3. PRAGMATIC ANALISYS 3.1. Related to the 3.1. Related to the situationsituation 3.2. Related to the 3.2. Related to the contextcontext 3.3. Related to the 3.3. Related to the peoplepeople 3.4. Related to the 3.4. Related to the informationinformation
4. SUMMARY4. SUMMARY
DEFINITIONDEFINITION
Pragmatics is a Pragmatics is a subfield of subfield of linguisticslinguistics
It studies how It studies how the use of the use of languagelanguage is based on the is based on the relationship established between relationship established between utterance, context and utterance, context and interlocutors.interlocutors.
(Baena, E. 2002) (Baena, E. 2002)
OBJECTIVES & OBJECTIVES & PURPOSESPURPOSES
Why have we chosen Why have we chosen PRAGMATICS?PRAGMATICS?
Common un everyday lifeCommon un everyday lifeWide subject to be studiedWide subject to be studiedComes out of language studyComes out of language study
OBJECTIVES & OBJECTIVES & PURPOSESPURPOSES
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
OBJECTIVES & OBJECTIVES & PURPOSESPURPOSES
EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
2. THEORIES2. THEORIES
SPEECH ACTS THEORYSPEECH ACTS THEORY
Words do Words do notnot have meaning by have meaning by themselves.themselves.
(Searle, J.R. ; Kiefer, F. & (Searle, J.R. ; Kiefer, F. & Bierwisch, M. 1980)Bierwisch, M. 1980)
2. THEORIES2. THEORIES
Speech acts can be Speech acts can be analysed by three levelsanalysed by three levels
- Locutionary actLocutionary act- Perlocutionary actPerlocutionary act- Ilocutionary actIlocutionary act
2. THEORIES2. THEORIES
LOCUTIONARY ACTLOCUTIONARY ACT
The The performanceperformance of an utterance of an utteranceSemantic and sintactic aspectsSemantic and sintactic aspects
2. THEORIES2. THEORIES
EXAMPLEEXAMPLE
‘‘CLOSE THE CLOSE THE WINDOW’WINDOW’
2. THEORIES2. THEORIES
ILLOCUTIONARY ACTILLOCUTIONARY ACT
Real intended meaningReal intended meaning
EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:
The person who is talking is coldThe person who is talking is cold
2. THEORIES2. THEORIES
PERLOCUTIONARY ACTPERLOCUTIONARY ACT
It’s actual effectIt’s actual effect
EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:
The action of closing the windowThe action of closing the window
2. THEORIES2. THEORIES
2. THEORIES2. THEORIES
RELEVANCE THEORYRELEVANCE THEORY
The meaning of a concept is the The meaning of a concept is the subtotal of its impication for subtotal of its impication for possible observations and possible observations and actions.actions.
2. THEORIES2. THEORIES
COOPERATION THEORYCOOPERATION THEORY
The way in which people try to The way in which people try to make conversations work.make conversations work.
2. THEORIES2. THEORIES
There are four subprinciples There are four subprinciples within this theory called within this theory called maximsmaxims
Quantity.Quantity. ( (quantity of quantity of informationinformation))
Quality (be Quality (be truthfultruthful))Relevance/Relation (be Relevance/Relation (be
relevancerelevance))Manner (be Manner (be clearclear))
2. THEORIES2. THEORIES
ARGUMENTATION THEORYARGUMENTATION THEORY
Interdisciplinary study of how Interdisciplinary study of how humans do humans do reach conclusionsreach conclusions through logical reasoningthrough logical reasoning
3. PRAGMATIC 3. PRAGMATIC ANALYSISANALYSIS
3.1 RELATED TO THE SITUATION3.1 RELATED TO THE SITUATION
We adapt our conversation to different We adapt our conversation to different situations, depending on situations, depending on the place the place and the timeand the time where the speech where the speech occurs. occurs.
3. PRAGMATIC 3. PRAGMATIC ANALYSISANALYSIS
3.2 RELATED TO THE PEOPLE3.2 RELATED TO THE PEOPLE
Depending on who you are with and Depending on who you are with and the the relationrelation between those peoplebetween those people, , the conversation will have different the conversation will have different meaning.meaning.
Example: Ironic utterances with Example: Ironic utterances with friends and with unknown people. friends and with unknown people.
3. PRAGMATIC 3. PRAGMATIC ANALYSISANALYSIS
3.3 RELATED TO THE CONTEXT3.3 RELATED TO THE CONTEXT
Within the people, there are Within the people, there are clues in clues in the contextthe context that allow us to notice that allow us to notice that irony (to say the opposite of that irony (to say the opposite of what it actually means) what it actually means)
Example: Facial expressions.Example: Facial expressions.
3. PRAGMATIC 3. PRAGMATIC ANALYSISANALYSIS
3.4 RELATED TO THE 3.4 RELATED TO THE INFORMATIONINFORMATION
PresuppositionsPresuppositions about the world- about the world-knowledge of hearers; i.e meanings knowledge of hearers; i.e meanings that can be deducted by listeners that can be deducted by listeners because they already know about because they already know about that information.that information.
4. SUMMARY4. SUMMARY
Pragmatics as an important factor Pragmatics as an important factor when it comes to when it comes to understanding the understanding the languagelanguage in a deeply way as words in a deeply way as words do not have meaning by themselves.do not have meaning by themselves.
REFERENCESREFERENCESSearle, J.R. ; Kiefer, F. & Bierwisch, M. (1980).
Speech act theory and Pragmatics. Dordnecht; Holland.
Baena, E. ; Lacorte, M. (2002). Para entender la Pragmática. Ed. Gredos.
Yulen, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford: University Press.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
http://www.helsinki.fi/~pietarin/publications/Relevance%20theory-Pietarinen.pdf