practice tests for the revised cpe 2 student s book

8/16/2019 Practice Tests for the Revised CPE 2 Student s Book

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. . ;,.'. ".'~

P r o c t i c e .T e s t s

f o r t h e r e v i s e d .

C P E

V i r g i n i o E v o n s

~

Expres s Pub l i sh ing



(l hour 3 0 mins)

has four parts with 40 questions drawn from

.: -;=yr- which contain approximately 3,000 words in

- ed d oze texts with six four-option multiple

C !, O:I:2 q uestions on each. (l mark per question)

:1rz::~idioms,collocations, fixed phrases, complementation,

, semantic precision

texts from a range of sources, with four-option

ice q uestions on each.

d et ail, opinion, main idea, attitude, purpose,

. : . : : r : : ; : : - l , t e xt organisation features (2 marks per question)

with seven questions.

.' e xt st ructure, cohesion , coherence, global meaning

(2 marks per question)

- =rom a range of sources, with seven four-option::;;~ !{liceq uestions.

same as Part 2 (2marks per question)

(2 hours)

two parts. Each task requires a total of

::::==,ely 300-350 words. Each question in this paper

~mar ks.

:C :: :J . ulsory contextualised writing task based on

Il:OIIDS" and one short text which may be supported by

pts.

. an art icle, an essay, a letter, a proposal

-discursive writing

= - f rom a choice offour. One of the choices is a

; u :; . on each of three set texts.

. an article , a letter, a proposal, a review , a report

_. description, narrative, evaluating, summarising, etc

R3

'H IN USE (l hour 30 minutes)~ has five parts with a total of 44 questions.

d oze containing fifteen gaps.

: gr ammatical / lexico-grammatical

(l mark per question)

2

romaining ten gaps. Words must be formed to complete

:-. using the given "stems" of the missing words.

~: wor d formation, lexical (1 mark per question)

3

:-:r esions made up of three discrete sentences. Each

Sx:e contains one gap. The gapped word is common and :- _ - te to the three sentences.

7 x:us: le xical (eg. collocation, phrasal verbs, idioms, etc)

(2 marks per question)

Part 4

Eight discrete items with a lead-in sentence and a gapped

response to complete using a given word .

Test focus: lexical / lexico-grammatical (2 mar ks per question)

Part 5

Two texts with two comprehension questions on each text

and one summary writing task using information from both

texts.Test focus: awareness of use of language, selection of

information, linking, sentence construction

(2 marks plus 4 marks for question 44)

PAPER 4LISTENING (approximately40 minutes)

This paper has four parts with 28 questions.

(l mark per quest ion)Part 1

Four short extracts from monologues or texts involving

interacting speakers with two three-option multiple choice

questions per extract.

Test focus: understanding gist , topic attitude or opinion,

feeling , purpose

Part 2

A monologue, or prompted monologue, with nine sentence

completion questions.

Test focus: understanding specific information, stated opinion

Part 3

A text involving interacting speakers followed by five

multiple choice questions .

Test focus: understanding opinion , detail, gist and inf erence

Part 4

Matching statements on a text to either of two speakers or to

both when they express agreement.Test focus: recognising stated and non-stated opinion ,

agreement and disagreement.

PAPER 5SPE AK ING (approximat ely20 minutes)

This paper contains three parts and is tak en by the

candidates in pairs with two examiners present. One of the

examiners acts as Interlocutor and the other one as A."SeSSOr .

Part 1

Conversation between the Interlocutor and each cand idate.

Interlocutor encourages candidates to give inf or mation aboutthemselves and express personal opinions.

Test focus: using general interactional and social language

Part 2

Two-way conversation between the candid ates based on

visual and spoken prompts.

Test focus: speculating, evaluating , com par ing , giuing

opinions, decision making, etc

Part 3

Individual long turn by each candidate f ollowed by a

discussion on topics related to the long turn. Each cand id ate

is given a written question to respond to. Then cand idates

engage in a discussion to explore fur ther the long turn wpics.Test focus: expressing and justifying opinions , cW :elo pingto pics.



Paper 1 - Reading (l hour 30 minutes)

For q uestions 1-18, read the three texts below and decid e which answer (A, B , C or D) best fits each ga p.

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

A u s t r a l i a n C i n e m aThirty years ago, the New

Australian cinema (1) .

the attention of the wor ld with

her oic stories set in the late-

nineteenth and early-twentiethcenturies. They were tales of the

for mation of a national identity,

of the recent Eur opean settlers'

tr ansactions with their strange

new world and its frighteningly

mystical inhabitants. When this

vein was (2) , local film

makers lef t home or tur ned to the

problematic pr esent of people

living lives of noisy desperation in

the (3) suburbs of the

big coastal cities, home to most

Austr alians. As television series,these cosy, unher oic stories

(4) wor ldwide popular ity,

but relatively f ew films of this sor t

have f ound success elsewher e,

except f or a small handful,

among which ar e these,

(5) accomplished

and calculatedly theatr ical f ilms.

They are loving assemblages of

conventions and cliches from

musicals of the past, pr oduced

with an exuberance that

(6) the audience up in

uncr itical en joyment.

1 A appropr iated B captur ed C annexed D master ed

2 A exhausted B dr ained C emptied D squandered

3 A lounging B stooping C str etching D spr awling

4 A reached B achieved C fulfilled D managed

5 A deeply B heavily C highly D widely

6 A sweeps B lifts C br ushes D car ries

R ecent ar cheological studies of the

isolated region have (7) .

astounding evidence of Mesolithic

hunter-gather ers, Neolithic f ar mers and

even an ar istocratic dynasty which

populated the area during the late Bronze

(8) The few centur ies befor e thetime of Chr ist saw the ar ea at its most

remar kable. Artef acts, relics and the

remains of dwellings, bear (9) to

its importance. An extraor dinary sequence

of buildings (10) in the erection

of a gigantic wooden structur e, at least 40

metres in diameter , which was pr obably

used for cer emonial (11) befor e

it was eventually burnt to the (12) .

and subsequently covered over with tur f tocr eate the huge mound which is still visible

today.

7 A unburied B uncovered C unf olded D unmasked

8 A Year s B Per iod C Er a D Age

9 A testimony B evidence C witness D pr oof

10 A ter minated B culminated C f inalised D ceased

11 A aims B intentions C purposes D tar gets

12 A sur f ace B ground C ear th D f ield

6



T LIMITED

RISK

e believe that there are two

:- es of people who will take

~e time and (13) .

r ead this adver tisement. In

the f irst category are those

unbelievers who, in all

likelihood, will think to

themselves, 'sounds good,

but I don't think this is f or me.

I could never manage to do

that'. They then go back to

doing the same (14) .

job that they have (15) .

been doing f or the past

decade or so. Then, there is

the second category. This

gr oup is made up of those

people who believe in taking

(16) but not at the

expense of peace of mind.

These individuals caref ully

(17) the advantages

against the disadvantages.

You know, those people who

look befor e making the

pr overbial (18) .

A exer tion B effort C struggle 0 stress

A substandar d B unreliable C insuff icient 0 unfulf illing

5 A distastef ully B reluctantly C hesitantly 0 adversely

A r isks B dangers C hazards 0 stakes

A measure B weigh C compare 0 count

A jump B vault C leap 0 spr ing



-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

you ~re going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with exploration and discover y. For

questIOns 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

~. - . -' - [ r ave l l i n g A c r o s 's t h e -D e se r 't- '

Crossing the Sahara is a dangerous business.

George-Marie Haardt needed no reminder of this.

During the desert leg of his 1924 expedition's

15,000 mile trip, the expedition's eight trucks

travelled for 330 miles without finding a drop of

water. ' Any breeze there is, becomes a torment,'

the team reported. 'We are suffocated, saturated

with dust; we could almost believe ourselvesto be

like men turned into red brick.' Writer Donovan

Webster confirms this. 'People die all the time,' hesays. 'That's why you go with someone you trust.'

Don reckoned a little technology wouldn't hurt,

though. 'When I mentioned to my guide, a Tuareg

tribesman from Niger, that I had a GPS (global

positioning system) receiver to help us navigate,

he said he didn't need it,' saysDon. 'I've got TPS,'

he told me - 'Tuareg positioning system.' And he

did! He could find hisway anywhere just by seeing

ripples in the sand. He was as interested in my

world asI was in his,' Don recalls. 'When I showed

him a photo of my kids at NiagaraFalls, he wanted

to keep it. He thought the kids wen~ sweet - but

couldn't imagine that much water in the world.'

A could not find water.

B were not to be trusted.C didn't need technological aids.

D were affected by the climate.

A was indifferent to other cultures.

B wanted to visit Niagara Falls.

C was fascinated by the immense waterfall.

D wanted to keep a souvenir of his children.



Maria Reiche, a German mathematician,

devoted f ifty years of her life to protecting and

studying the Nazca lines of the Inca. Born in

Dresden in 1903, she arrived in Peru, became

fascinated by the Inca culture and initially found

archaeological work. It was when, however, she

overheard someone discussing giant figures

carved into the ground, south of Lima that she

found what was to become her life's work.

Instantly mesmer ised by these strange objects,

she began to study them alone. 'I walked along

them to understand their meaning,' she said. 'I

noticed that they for med figures, a spider , a

monkey, a bird.' After surveying around 1,000

lines, she wrote her book Mystery of the Desert,

published in 1949.

In order to spend more time with the

geoglyphs, she set up home on the edge of the

desert, living off fruit and nuts and sleeping

under the stars. If vandals dared to set foot near

A immense shapes cut into the earth.

B a form of rock art found in the desert.

C vast and mysterious - Peruvian statues.

D paths left by the Incas.

A the Nazca: lines are uninteresting.

B Maria Reiche belonged to a religious order.

C in the past the lines were not valued.

D Maria Reiche's work was not continued.

Paper 1 - Reading

the lines, she shooed them away, so deter mined

that the lines should be preserved that when

plans wer e made to flood the ar eafor agricultural

use, she successfully blocked the move.

Her tireless work has now resulted in the Nazca

lines having been declared a World Heritage

Site and she is regarded by some as a national

heroine; she is Saint Maria, 'Lady of the Lines'.

When she died in 1998 aged 95, the question

arose of who would now protect the lines,

which were becoming increasingly threatened

by vandals, looter s, ir r esponsible tourists and

changing weather patter ns. Fortunately,however ,

the UN's cultural agency has recently donated a

substantial amount for their long-term

conservation.



-------------------------

Marine ResearchThe World Centre for Exploration has been

running since 1904. Our international, professional

society has been a meeting point and unifying

force for explorers and scientists worldwide. The

Explorers Club is dedicated to the advancement of

field research, scientific exploration, and the ideal

that it is vital to preserve the instinct to explore. Wefoster these goals by providing research grants,

educational lectures and publications, expedition

planning assistance, exciting adventure travel

programmes, and a forum where experts in all the

diverse fields of science and exploration can meet

to exchange ideas. March will mark the fifth year of

the running of the Kosa Reef Protection Project.

The project is a joint effort by Kosa Marine

resources, an international group of volunteer

divers, and island support staff . Divers prepare

fish inventories, photo and video records, and

take scientific measurements documenting r eef

status. For the first time, this year 's team will

employ protocols developed by the internationalorganisation 'Reef Check'.

The Explorers Club also offers modest expedition

grants for expeditions that forge links between

space and earth exploration. Expeditions working

in extreme environments or using satellite and

space related technologies should contact us at

the following address.

A to provide somewhere to meet.S to record the world's resources.

C to promote on-site investigations.

D to support explorers financially.

A intending to ask for international aid.

S trying to increase marine resources.

C taking action to prevent damage.

D observing the condition of the reef.



B a h a r i y a ' s T o m b ser 2,600 years, a desert oasis yields the long-sought tombs of its legendary governor and

is f amily. The streets of EI Bawiti, the largest town in Bahariya Oasis, are busier now. Hotels

ave been built since more than 200 Graeco-Roman mummies were discovered nearby. Yet,

EI Bawiti hid an older secret. The tombs of Bahariya's legendary governor , Zed-Khons-uef-

ankh, his father, and his wife were discovered in a maze of chambers beneath local homes.

chaeologists had been looking for Zed-Khons-uef-ankh ever since the tombs of three of

e governor's relatives were discovered in 1938. Zed-Khons-uef-ankh ruled Bahariya duringEgypt's 26th dynasty, a time when the isolated oases of the Western Desert were

str ategically important buffers against invaders. Bahariya, with governors who were wealthy

en with connections to the throne, flourished at the crossroads of caravan routes. Zed-

ons-uef~ankh, a man whose power to move men and material is most evident in the two

mammoth stone sarcophagi that were transported across miles of sand and wasteland to

is oasis tomb, had a chapel built in a temple nearby, with a relief depicting him as large as

e pharaoh, a bold assertion from a powerful man we now know better .

A many Graeco-Romans were buried there.

B it was well located on a prime trade route.

C it was the seat of a powerful man.

D many rich administrators were posted there.

A extremely confident.

B remarkably impious.

C hugely wealthy.

D very impertinent.



-------------------------

You ar e going to r ead an extr act from a novel. Seven par agr a phs have been r emoved from the extr act. Choose f r om

the par agr a phs A-H the one which fits each ga p (27-33). Ther e is one extr a par agraph which you d o not need to

use. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

The small, bright lawn stretched away smoothly

to the big, br ight sea. The turf was hemmed with

an edge of scar let geranium and coleus, and

cast-iron vases painted in a chocolate colour ,

standing at intervals along the winding path that

led to the sea, looped their garlands of petunia

and ivy geranium above the neatly raked gravel.

~I I A number of ladies in summer dresses and

gentlemen in grey f r ock-coats and tall hats stood

on the lawn or sat upon the benches. Ever y now

and then, a slender girl in starched muslin would

step from the tent, bow in hand, and speed her

shaft at one of the targets, while the spectator s

interrupted their talk to watch the result.

§]-------The Newbury Archery Club always held its August

meeting at the Beauforts'. The sport, which had

hitherto known no rival but croquet, was

beginning to be discarded in favour of lawn-

tennis. However , the latter game was still

considered too rough and inelegant for social

occasions, and as an opportunity to show off

pretty dresses and graceful attitudes, the bow

and arrow held their own.

~~------In New York, during the previous winter , after he

and May had settlE)ddown in the new, greenish-

yellow house with the bow-window and the

Pompeian vestibule, he had dropped back with

r elief into the old routine of the office. The renewal

of his daily.activities had served as a link with his

former self.

§ ] = = = = = = = = = = = = = At the Century, he had found Winsett again, and

at the Knickerbocker , the fashionable young men

of his own set. And what with hours dedicated to

the law and those given to dining out or entertaining

f r iends at home, with an occasional evening at

the opera or the theatre, the life he was living had

still seemed a fairly real and inevitable sor t of

business.

@ 2 ] ~But the Wellands always went to Newport, wher e

they owned one of the square boxes on the cliffs,

and their son-in-law could adduce no good

r eason why he and May should not join them

ther e. As Mr s. Weiland rather tartly pointed out, it

was hardly worthwhile for May to have worn

herself out trying on summer clothes in Par is, if

she was not to be allowed to wear them; and this

argument was of a kind to which Archer had as

yet found no answer .

§]-------It was not May's fault, poor dear. If , now and then,

dur ing their travels, they had f allen slightly out of

step, harmony had been r estored by their r eturn

to conditions she was used to. He had always

f or eseen that she would not disappoint him; and

he had been r ight. No, the time and place had

been perfect for his marriage.

§]-------He could not say that he had been mistaken in his

choice, for she fulfilled all that he had expected. It

was undoubtedly gratifying to be the husband of

one of the handsomest and most popular young

mar r ied women in New York, especially when she

was also one of the sweetest-temper ed and most

reasonable of wives; and Archer had not been

insensible to such advantages.



May herself could not understand his obscure

r eluctanceto fall in with so reasonableand pleasant

a way of spending the summer. She reminded him

that he had always liked Newport in his bachelor

days, and as this was indisputable, he could onlyprofess that he was sure he was going to like it

better than ever now that they were to be there

together . But as he stood on the Beaufortverandah

and looked out on the brightly peopled lawn, it

came home to him with a shiver that he was not

going to like it at all.

In addition, there had been the pleasurable

excitement of choosing a showy grey horse for

May's brougham (the Wellands had given the

carriage). Then, there was the abiding occupationand interest of arranging his new library, which, in

spite of family doubts and disapproval, had been

car r ied out as he had dreamed, with a dark-

embossed paper , an Eastlake book-case and

"sincere" armchairs and tables.

The next morning Archer scoured the town in vain

f or more yellow roses. In consequence of this

search, he arrived late at the office, perceived that

his doing so made no difference whatever to

anyone, and was filled with sudden exasperation

at the elaborate futility of his life. Why should he

not be, at that moment, on the sands of St.

Augustine with May Weiland?

Newland Archer, standing on the verandah of the

Beaufort house, looked curiously down upon this

scene. On each side of the shiny painted steps,

was a large, blue china flowerpot on a bright

yellow china stand. A spiky, green plant filled each

pot, and below the verandah ran a wide border of

blue hydr angeas edged with mor e r ed geraniums.

Behind him, the French windows of the dr awing

rooms through which he had passed gave

glimpses, between swaying lace curtains, of

glassy parquet floors islanded with chintz pouffes,

dwarf armchairs, and velvet tables covered with

trifles of silver.

Archer looked down with wonder at the familiar

spectacle. It surprised him that life should be going

on in the old way when his own reactions to it had

so completely changed. It was Newport that had

first brought home to him the extent of the change.

Archer had married (as most young men did)

because he had met a perfectly charming girl at

the moment when a series of r ather aimless

sentimentaladventureswere ending in a prematuredisgust; and she had represented peace, stability,

comr adeship, and the steadying sense of an

inescapable duty.

Half-way between the edge of the cliff and the

square wooden house (which was also chocolate-

coloured, but with the tin roof of the verandah

striped in yellow and brown to r epresent an

awning), two large targets had been placed against

a background of shrubber y. On the other side of

the lawn, facing the targets, was pitched a real

tent, with benches and garden-seats about it.

Newport, on the other hand, repr esented the

escape from duty into an atmosphere of

unmitigated holiday-making. Archer had tr ied to

persuade May to spend the summer on a remote

island off the coast of Maine (called, appropriately

enough, Mount Desert) where a few hardy

Bostonians and Philadelphians were camping in

native cottages, and whence came reports of

enchanting scenery and a wild, almost trapper-like

existence amid woods and waters.



~~i~~~D~~ _

You are going to read an extract f r om an article. For questions 34-40, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which

you think fits best accor ding to the text.

Although he made his name with his archeological

finds of early humans, Richard Leakey became famous

as the conservationist who turned the tide against

elephant poaching. Bringing the slaughter of Kenya's

elephants under control required a military solution, and

Leakey was not afraid to apply it. Many poachers were

killed, giving Leakey a reputation for being a cold-blooded obsessive who put animals before people.

Moreover , his ef f or ts to eradicate cor r uption in Kenya's

wildlife management system won him many enemies.

But the birth of the Kenya Wildlife Ser vice (KWS), the

er adication of elephant poaching and the ban on the

inter national tr ade in ivor y are his legacy, and they form

the basis of Wildlife War s. This surpr isingly personal

memoir has much to tell about the fr agile relationships

between conser vationists and governments. It is a stor y

not only of Kenya, but of the continuing cost of tr ying to

save the wor ld's wildlife from extinction.Life for the aver age per son in Africa is tough, and

basic needs ar e far from being met. This is the

background against which Leakey fought his war , and

he constantly r efers to the threat pover ty poses to the

preservation of Africa's spectacular wildlife. Leakey's

argument, here and in recent lectures, is that national

parks managed exclusively for biodiversity protection

must be cr eated, and that this protection of our wildlife

heritage should be funded by international sour ces.

However , in the early 1990s the development agencies

favour ed "community-based" conser vation. Leakey's stand

on pr otection of parks was seen as a lack of respect for

local communities, and used against him when he

r esigned as head of the KWS in 1994. Recently donors

and conservationists have come to r ecognise the

limitations of purely local conservation progr ammes;

there is a gr owing consensus that the poor are unlikely

to manage wildlife resour ces wisely f or the long term

because their needs are immediate.

Wildlife Wars continues where Leakey's memoir One

Lif e lef t of f. It spans a 13-year period, beginning in 1989

when Leakey became head of the KWS. Then the

elephant slaughter was at its height across Africa; it is

estimated that between 1975 and 1989 the international

markets for ivory in Europe, the United States and Asia

led to the death of 1.2 m elephants, slaughtered for their

ivory to make piano keys, games and fashion accessor ies.

Kenya's her ds wer e reduced by more than 85% by ar medpoachers, who turned their guns on anything and

anyone. To stop this killing r equired changing the

perceptions of ivor y user s so as to eliminate the markets,

as well as mounting an armed force against the poachers.

With both humour and seriousness, Leakey explains

the sacrif ices he had to make in order to see his vision

succeed. Despite the gravity of the situation, Leakey

makes light of the sometimes comical circumstances,

although it is clear that his life was at r isk many times

and he worked under tr emendous pressure. For many,

however , the r eal question is why this paleoanthr opologistshould r isk his life for wildlife. The answer may lie in

Leakey's own depiction of himself , although obviously

aggr essive and driven while running KWS, as essentially

r eflective. Presenting in moving terms his introduction to

elephant emotions and society, he describes his

outrage at the moral and ethical implications of

poaching and culling for ivory, arguing that elephants,

apes, whales and dolphins have emotions so like those

of humans that they deserve to be treated as such.

Hard-cor e wildlife gr oups snigger ed at his 'bunny-

hugging' tendencies, but they underestimated his

impact. It is impossible to put a value on Leakey's work

dur ing those year s. As the elephant population began to

recover , Kenya's tour ist industry r evived to become the

country's main source of r evenue. An international

awar eness campaign centred on an ivory bonfire, which

led to the ban on ivory trade and the collapse of ivory

pr ices.



Richard Leakey is most well-known for

A increasing wildlife budgets.

B successf ully stopping illegal hunting.

e removing the ban on the ivory trade.

D helping to identify man's origins.

- In paragraph 3, Leakey makes the point that

A conservation should be a global responsibility.

B a war must be fought against poverty.

e Africa's wildlife is an inter national attraction.

D there is insufficient money to establish parks.

~ It is now becoming accepted that

A Leakey had no regard for local communities.

B conservation pr ogrammes should be under local control.

e donors have not yet received sufficient recognition.

D pover ty makes regional conservation programmes unreliable.

e writer says that between 1975 and 1989

A the per ceptions of the use of ivory changed.

B elephants were used to make piano keys.

e the elephant population was decimated.

D demand for ivory began to decrease.

eakey considers himself

A amusing.

B sentimental.e contemplative.

D obsessive.

hat does the wr iter imply in the last paragr aph?

A A disease had affected elephants.

B Leakey's views are overly sentimental.

e Leakey's success is in doubt.

D Leakey's wor k had wide-ranging effects.

his passage is taken fr om

A an ar ticle about endangered species.B a book about Richar d Leakey.

e an article about Kenya.

D a book r eview.



~riting (2 hours)

1 You have r ead the extract below as par t of a news pa per article on teaching f oreign languages in secondar y

schools. Read er s wer e asked to send in their o pinions. You d ecid e to write a letter r es ponding to the points

raised and ex pressing your own views.

"It isn't enough that our teenagers are

constantly bombarded with hours of

lectures and reams of homework. Now,

they want to make learning a second

language compulsory for secondary

school students. Some of these childr en

will never visit a foreign country or mix

with foreigners, so why should they be

forced to pile this extra cour se onto their

academic plates? Whatever happened to

teaching the basics and preparing our children for the futur e?"



r ite an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Wr ite your answer in 300-350 word s in an

a p pro priate style.

2 A national TV channel has just begun the br oad cast of a new soa p o per a. You have been ask ed to wr ite a

review of the show for a local magazine. Write a review and say why these shows ar e so po pular with some

peo ple and unpopular with other s.

3 Your local town council has announced plans to u pgr ade the town centre. They have invited proposals

f r om inter ested citizens on how to d o this. In your pr o posal, comment on the present condition of the ar ea

and make suggestions as to how to impr ove it.

4 A business magazine has invited read er s to contri bute an article entitled W h y I t's Good T o Be Your Own

Boss. Wr ite an article d escr ibing what k ind of company you would like to set up and the ad vantages and

disadvantages of running your own business.



Paper 3 - Use of English (1hour 30 minutes)

For questions 1-15, r ead the text below and think of the word which best fits each s pace. Use only one word in

each s pace. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answer s o n the separate answer sheet.

Example: ~ i _ n ~

A N IN F L U E N T IA L M A N Bor n (0) Sw itze r la nd in 18 75 , Karl Gustav jung' s ear ly li fe w as (I) from

conventional. Th e (2) child of a country pastor with waning religious convict ions and a

spiritualist mother (3) convers ed w ith ghosts , jung felt alie na te d a nd lo ne ly

(4) a child . He spent his life trying to under st an d (5) nature of the human

psyc he , to pr obe t he human mind to see w hat lur ked beneath. (6) he found helped for m

t he foundations of modern psychology , identi fy ing such familiar concepts as introver s io n a nd

extroversion , as (7) as complexes .jung went (8) t han t he mainstream of

science. (9) o f accepted scientific opinion , he d elved into ancient myths and rel igion s

and the esoteric l iterature o f alchemy and astrology. (10) his research, he discovered

r ecur rent images that he argued r evea led the exis tence of a ' collective unconscious' , wh ich we

(II) share. Such f ind ing s ha ve m ad e ju ng' s w ork in ffu en tia l in fie ld s w ell

(12) psychology , permeat ing literatur e , r el igion and culture.

jung co mpleted his final wor k just mont hs bef or e h is deat h in 1 9 6 1. T oday , jung ian an alys is thrives

( 13) psychological circles , attracting a steady stream of pat ient s s eeking s olace from

the personal difficulties in their live s. W it h mor e people th an (14) before d iscovering

t ha t ' success' often (15) to bring ha p piness , the impor tance of jung ' s efforts to find

co nt en t ment have never been c lear er .



:or q uestions 16-25, r ead the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form

'or d that f its in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers on

the separate answer sheet.

0 e _ s _ t _ a b _ ' _ i S _ h _ m _ e _ n _ t - - - - -

Co e

istorically a coffee house which served only coffee. The English ter m cafe,

borr owed from the French, is ultimately a (16) of the Turkish DERIVE

kahve, meaning coffee. The (17) of coffee and coffee drinking to INTRODUCE

Eur ope provided a much-needed focus for the social (18) of the ACT

iddle classes. The f irst cafe is said to have opened in 1550 in Constantinople;

r ing the 17th century, cafes opened throughout Europe. During the 200 years

after the mid-17th century, the most (19) coffee houses of Europe PROSPER

ourished in London as meeting points for (20) discussion about the END

f a est news and for bitter (21) During this time, the lucr ative AGREE

usiness of buying and selling insur ance, ships, stock and commodities was

isposed of in coffee houses. They became informal stations for the collection

a d distribution of packets and letters. By the 19th centur y, the (22) DAY

ewspaper and the postal service had displaced these f unctions. About the same

. e, the French cafe and restaurant were at their zenith as (23) .

laces for artists and (24) The cafe continued to be an

portant social institution in France thr oughout the 20th century. During the late

2 h centur y, as espresso and other various cof fees became popular , many

GATHER

INTELLECT



------------------------

For questions 26-31, think of one wor d only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Here is an

example (0).

0 g_ oo_ d _

26 Roger agreed that it was a(n) in the right direction, but said more progress was

needed.



The new bill attempted to consumers with the means to fight back against

unscr upulous retailers.



--------------------------

For questions 32-39, com plete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the fir st sentence, using

the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, induding the word

given. Here is an example (0).

~ a _ r _ e _ s u _ l t _ o _ f _ m _ y _ p _ r _ o _ m _ o _ t i _ o n _

Our other expenses befor e we decide to buy anew car.



Th ere is for our picnic

tomorrow.



When did you last go to a zoo? It's a fair bet that many people will reply 'not since I was a child'. Why do

so many people stop going to zoos when they reach adulthood, or at least until they have children of

their own? Maybe it's unease about, or opposition to all those bars.Or ganisations such as Zoo Check have campaigned vocifer ously in response to some blatant examples

of poor animal welfare. The group's doggedness has achieved positive results, with zoos in the 21st

century taking stock and questioning what their purpose is. Such pr essur e has generated a much greater

awareness of the need for good animal welfare and a r ole in conser vation. Animals are now kept in as

natur al conditions as possible and with as much space as possible.

Improving animal welfare is one aspect of work driving zoos into the 21st century. But what about their

conservation role? Clearly, education is an area to which zoos are ideally suited. An extensive collection

of the most popular animals ensures a healthy flow of visitors, while a large presence of less well-known

but endangered species aims to provide conservation education.

More direct involvement in conservation involves the captive br eeding of endanger ed species, rangingfr om snails right up to tigers. Unfortunately, the way things are going, with rapid loss of wild habitats,

widespread re-r elease of zoo-bred animals is not going to happen. The aim for now is to maintain stocks

of endangered species, breeding them in a co-ordinated way with other zoos so as to maintain their

numbers and minimise in-breeding.

Some would prefer zoos to drop their captive breeding and to pour their resources back into the

pr otection of wild habitats. Captive breeding incurs huge costs and encounters massive problems with

r e-introduction. In protecting the natural habitat, the animal, its environment and everything that lives with

it is protected. Thankfully, in-situ, or habitat protection, looks set to become a major component of many

zoos' work.

In a paragraph of between 50 and 70 words, summarise in your own words as far as possible, the

information given in the two texts on how effective the modern zoo is likely to be in conserving endangered

species.

Write your summary on the separate answer sheet.



Paper 4 - Listening (approx. 40 minutes)

You will hear four different extracts. For q uestions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according

to what you hear . There are two questions for each extract.

Ext ract One I

1 What does the expert say about foliage plants?

A They are very versatile.

B They need little attention.

e They ar e cheap and attractive.

2 The broadcast is aimed at people

A who suff er fr om allergies.

B who want backgr ound plants.

e who neglect their gar dens..

Ext ract Two I

3 The couple bought the farmhouse because they thought

A it was r easonably priced.

B it was in bad condition.

e it could be improved.

4 Using r ecycled wood made the kitchen look

A war m and sunny.

B more established.

e ultra modern.



----------------------------------

You will hear a report on how English has become a global language. For questions 9-17, complete the

entences with a word or shor t phrase.

_______ 0·English first star ted to spread when explorers made I~ ~Q !Jo the other side of the world.

The influence of Britain in the past and the influence of American businesses are the

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ IJ IJ which give English its present significance.

The number of people whose I I~ is English is

ignif icantly greater in the USA than in the UK.

t is dif f icult to I ~ the communicative functions of

English in some countries.

t is sometimes suggested that English is I ~ superior

o other languages.

People tend to judge languages using subjective rather than I I~ .

English sentence structur e is I~ ~.

Language success is I Q :I ] on a variety of different things.



_ 'n hear an interview with Mar ia Stef anovich, co-found er of a cr eativity group which organises wor k shops

tives. For q uestions 18-22, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which f its best accor d ing to what you hear.

porations appreciate mask-making workshops because

no one wants negative faces at the office.

B unhappy employees won't come to work.

C they realise how their employees see them.

D their employees change their approach.

mpanies are turning to creative workshops because they have acknowledged that

unpr oductive employees are a financial burden.

S the traditional work environment has its limitations.

e employees at the f irm 'Play'

change positions frequently to lessen boredom.

have business cards indicating their jobs.

dr ess up like comic book characters.

do not have stereotyped ideas about their jobs.

- e companies that show most interest in creative workshops are supr ising because

hey usually have creative employees to begin with.

eir employees are the ones who have to present regularly.

ther e are many other exciting workshops they would prefer.

heir employees should be used to being funny.

~ 'a mentions the traditional companies that have held workshops in order to

: = . I oast about the clients her company has helped.

3 show that they have a narrow list of clients.

ownplay the serious reputations of the firms.

oint out the diversity of those trying different approaches.



-------------------------

You will hear two writers, Susan and Edward , talking about the best way to deal with luggage when travelling.

For questions 23-28, decid e whether the opinions are ex pressed by only one of the speaker s, or whether the

s peaker s agree.

Write S

E

or B

for Susan

for Edward

for Both



~eaking (approx. 20 minutes)

'ng test involves two cand idates and two examiners. One examiner , the Inter locutor , will s peak to

the other , the Assessor , will just listen.

Part 1 (3 minutes)

be asked questions in tur n about certain as pects of your personal life; where you are from, what you- -:a li\ing, where you go to school, your hobbies and your general opinion on certain to pics.

Part 2 (4 minutes)

be ask ed to discuss the photogra phs on page 163 together . There are two stages in this par t.

-:::1-

- = - = E..r P some photogr aphs depicting people with dif f erent lifestyles. Look at pictures 2 and 4 on page 163 and

= er about the dif ferent ways of life the people shown here might have.

~2

k at all the pictur es. Imagine these photographs will be par t of an adver tising campaign for a new pr oduct.

other about the kind of product each of these photographs could be used to promote and select the best

,-C;:Jg j'8p,hf or an advertising campaign.

Part 3 (12 minutes)

_ iU be asked to talk on your own, comment on what your partner says and join in a thr ee-way discussion

- _ 'Our partner and the Interlocutor around a cer tain theme.

idate will be asked to look at prompt card (a)about it for two minutes.

- = 3 e also some ideas f or the candidate to use if

- = _-e ·f ishes.

- e candidate will then be asked if he/she has

o add.

e Inter locutor will ask both candidates a

such as:

, a extent is·tour ism promoted in your country ?

to u r ism im po r tan t to d a y ?a ional under standing

al economies

ement of f acilities

The second candidate is then given prompt card (b)and asked to discuss it for two minutes.

The other candidate will then be asked if he/she has

anything to add.

Then both candidates will be asked a question on the

sub ject, such as:

• What could be done to attract more tourists?

Prompt Card (b)

W h y d o t o ur is t s c o m e t o y o u r c o u n tr y ?- natur al beauty

- enter tainment

- history

--: -"'- will then be concluded with a number of general questions about the topic:

'--5i egative effects might an incr ease in tourism pr oduce ?

- " has tour ism aff ected the diet of local people?

- ,'/ successful would eco-tour ism be in your country ?

-5' -eatur es could make an ar ea attr active to visitor s?




For questions 1-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

Mark your answer s on the separate answer sheet.

N E W D E V E L O P M E N T Svisit the cinema and as a result the

film industry was struggling. By

contrast, the music industry was

on the up. 'Micro-groove' seven-

inch records, made of unbreakable

vinylite, had begun to be produced

and for the first time, consumers

could choose from a (6) .

range of equipment on which to

play them.

now ubiquitous Dar chair - a one-

piece moulded plastic seat,

(3) by wire legs.

However , in this era of optimism

there were a few casualties. The

BBC had extended its service with

outside broadcasts of major

sporting events, plays, gardening

and children's programmes. With

such delights on (4) .

in their homes, people wer e

increasingly (5) to

After the war designers could

experiment more (1) .

with materials once regarded as

substitutes - in particular plastics,

acrylics and nylon. In 1948, American architect Charles Eames

(2) knowledge gained

during the war to design the

1 A copiously B freely C loosely 0 wildly

2 A exerted B allotted C applied 0 practised

3 A held B shoulder ed C supported 0 sustained

4 A offer B show C sale 0 approval

5 A disappointed B displeased C disconnected 0 disinclined

6 A wide B lavish C plentiful 0 excessive

~

ira Kurosawa's 1954 classic

Seven Samurai is about a bunch of

own-on-their luck warriors who

agree to defend a small village from a

band of thieves in (7) for three

meals a day and much honour . Since

Kurosawa's (8) influence was

the epic Westerns of John Ford, it is

ironic that in 1959 Hollywood thoughtSamurai would make a good cowboy

film - and The Magnificent Seven

appeared on the screen. Originally, Yul

Brynner was to direct the remake but

after much (9) , director John

Sturges took the helm. Aside from

Broadway actor , Eli Wallach, Brynner

was the only famous name in the movie;

Charles Bronson, Robert Vaughan and

James Coburn got their career changing

roles by (10) of mouth. Now,

in this digitally r ejigged (11) ,

you can f ind out what happened on theaction - filled set via an exclusive new

documentary and see how the film nearly

did not become the (12) classic

it is today.

7 A reciprocity B trade C exchange 0 substitute

8 A deep B major C large 0 most

9 A argument B combat C brawling 0 jostling

10 A talk B speech C word 0 claim

11 A edition B recital C variety 0 version

12 A idolised B revered C sacred 0 worshipped



UNUSUAL

INSPIRATION

hen I was a teenager studying

r er atur e, I used to be annoyed by

"he way my father , a doctor , would

(13) the inspir ation for great

liter atur e to various illnesses.

Leontes in Shakespear e's The

Winter 's Tale was a 'case study' inpathological jealousy. Monet and

Turner achieved their gr eat wor k

because of (14) eyesight,

making things (15) blur r ed,

and so on. I realise now that such

thinking is characteristic of the

(16) that doctors have for

Paper 1 - Reading

their sub ject. Thomas Dormandy,

a consultant pathologist is noexception to t he (17) He

ar gues in his very (18) book

that dur ing the 19th and much of

the 20th century, tuber culosis was a

formative influence on art, music

and literatur e.

13 A credit B ascribe C account 0 suggest14 A contracting B failing C def icient 0 short15 A hardly B slightly C bar ely 0 narr owly16 A passion B vigour C fury 0 emotion17 A law B pr inciple C ethic 0 rule18 A informative B knowledgeable

C informed 0 instructed



------------------------

ou ar e going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with marriage and weddings. For

uestions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think f its best accor d ing to the text. Mark your

nswers on the separate answer sheet.

- - _ . .' ~ . W : e d d i n g A r r a n g e m e n t s

Royal Lily Weddings exists to provide you and your

dear ones with a prof essional wedding co-ordination

ser vice.

We can attend to all aspects of the event. Restassur ed no detail will be disregarded by us.

Not everyone gets married in chur ch these days.

Even the tr aditional sometimes choose other venues

they consider more romantic or f itting - a beautif ul

garden for instance, or a beach, or a mountain top -

even a bus shelter.

Choice regarding the dr ess too, has become far

wider . If you don't want to be marr ied in white,

dar e to be bold. We offer advice and access to

select coutur iers and fashion designer s.

A wish to preser ve customar y styles.

B lack knowledge of wedding pr ocedures.

C only want something different.

D want their wedding day to be per f ect.

~ - : : : ~ ~ ; ~ g: n m : ~: f f i : ~ ; e ~ e ~ : ~ ;~ ~ l f o ,; ; - - lwrite the book. The traditional Christian vow made

by a wife to her husband has lar gely been

abandoned, and in its wake, per sonalised vows

have come to the fore.

Seating at the r eception, as at the chur ch, can be a

pr oblem. We will liaise between you and any

unintentionally dif f icult f amily members or f riends

using tact and discr etion to pr eserve the har mony

on the day as well as in the year s to follow.

Whatever f or mat you choose, do come to Royal

Lily Weddings to make sure it all adds up to a day

you will remember for the r est of your lives.

A accommodating

B f orbearing

C patr onising

D demanding



An impor tant role of the church is to r emind to keep f amilies together . Using the tax

us of the moral concerns conf ronting system or custody laws to discipline

society. Recently we have been r eminded couples whose marriages f ail, will only add

of that r ole in a speech ,....---------------, to the str ess and har dship

given by the archbishop, of those contemplating

who lamented the high T1lJE divorce. Marriage is not

r ate of divor ce and linked I I 'the only contr act that

f alling fertility rates to theS'I t TE 0F people can walk awaycollapse of tr aditional I/1 f rom without a penalty' as

f amily life. He pr edicted he suggested, because

that the lower birth rate L A MIL Y divor ce itself can be awould have serious social I" great penalty f or those

consequences in the f uture LIFE af f ected by it. Keeping

and suggested that the couples together by

tax system be used to dur ess is not the best wayr eward couples who stay to str engthen mar r iage.together and have children. L...- --' How to nur tur e the

It is unlikely, however , that imposing a individual desir e f or gr owth and fulfilment,

'divorce tax' on separating couples, or while str engthening family lif e is a gr eat

r eintroducing fault as an element in challenge f or all of society. The ar chbishop

deter mining custody and pr oper ty is to be congr atulated f or r e-opening the

settlements, as he suggested, will do much debate.

A contractual.

B punitive.

C r ewarding.

o understanding.

A exceeded his role.

B overemphasised the individual.

C acted in accordance with his position.

o paid too much attention to divor ce.



-

----------------------

MehndiMehndi is deeply ingrained in the

Indian tradition. Although applied on

other occasions as well, it is an

integral part of the wedding ceremony

and is almost synonymous with

marriage. A special time is set aside

for the application of mehndi to the

hands and feet of the bride-to-be,and the ceremony _generally takes

place on the night before the actual

wedding. In the past, when almost all

the women in any given household

were proficient in this art, the most

talented relative or friend was usually

designated to perform this duty. Now

that this art is getting lost in the race

for urbanisation, special beauticians

or artists have to be hired for the

purpose and mehndi parlours are

springing up in large cities.

The mehndi ceremony is a special

one for the bride. She is surrol,lnded

by all the female members of the

household, as well as the friends she

has grown up with and close relatives

who have come to attend the wedding.

There will be much singing and

dancing interspersed with bouts of teasing the bride. They have a

captive audience in her, since she

has to sit still for at least five to six

hours while the mehndi is being

applied. Like most customs and

traditions that surround a wedding,

there is an atmospher e of joviality

and nostalgia, with a tinge of sadness.

the mehndi ceremony may replace the marriage ceremony.

the growth of big cities is causing all traditional practices to disappear.

changes in liVing patterns have caused new types of businesses to appear.

the art of applying mehndi is learnt by the majority of women.

24 The writer gives the impression that, on the whole, the mehndi ceremony is

A a chance to review the past.

S a time of regret.

e a time for celebration.

o a daunting experience.



O u t s i d e t h e R e ~ s t r y O f f i c e And then she saw the Registry Office and a small cr owd chatting on the pavement

in front of the entr ance. Like a visitor f rom another planet, she saw her publisher

and her agent and her poor f ather 's cr azy vegetarian cousin and several of her

friends and quite a f ew neighbour s. And she saw Penelope, animated, her red hat

attr acting the attention of one or t wo of the photographers, conver sing with the

best man and Geof f r ey. And then she saw, in a flash, but for all time, the totality

of his mouse-like seemliness.

Leaningf or war d, in a condition of extreme calm, she said to the driver , "Would you

take me on a little fur ther please? I've changed my mind."

"Certainly, Madam he r eplied, thinking she was one of the guests. "Wher e would youlike to go?"

"Perhaps r ound the par k?" she suggested.

As the car proceeded smoothly past the Registr y Of f ice, Edith saw, as if in a

still photogr aph, Penelope and Geof fr ey, star ing, their mouths open in horror . Then

the scene became slightly mor e animated, as the cr owd began to straggle down the

steps, reminding her of a sequence in some ear ly masterpiece of the cinema, now

pr eser ved as ar chive mater ial.

A th e wedding o f a fr iend.

S a relative's h ou se.

e her own wedding.

o an official reception.

A cut off from the scene.

S disturbed by what she sees.

e impressed by the immobility of the people.

o the onset of old age.



------------------------

You ar e going to read an extract from a book a bout India. Seven paragr aphs have been removed from the extr act.

Choose f r om par agr a phs A-H the one which fits each gap (27-33). There is one extr a paragraph which you do not

need to use.

Mar k your answers on the se par ate answer sheet.

~ <~ - • ~ ~ .•..•_~.~~-.._. ~ _ _ ~~~~ ~-.-~:'Eo~ ~~~~~~~~......_;: •..•~~_=_~~~~

RAJASTHAN

One evening, by the light of an electric bulb we sat

out with the villagers in the main street of a 'model

village' of the command area. The street was

unpaved, and the villagers, welcoming us, had

quickly spread cotton rugs on the ground that had

been softened by the morning's rain, half hardened

by the afternoon's heat, and then tr ampled andmanured by the village cattle returning at dusk. The

women had withdrawn, we were lef t with the men

and, until the rain came roaring in again, we talked.

~~------The problems of the irrigation pr oject the commissioner

was directing wer e not only those of salinity or the

r avinesor land levelling.The problem as he saw it, was

the r emaking of men. And this was not simply making

men want something; it meant in the first place,

bringing them back from the self-wounding and thespecial waste that come with an established destitution.

§]~------But if in this model village - near Kotah Town, which

was fast industrialising - there had been some

movement, Bundi, the next day, seemed to take us

backward. Bundi and Kotah; to me, until this trip, they

had only been beautif ul names, the names of r elated

but distinct schools of Rajasthan painting. The artistic

glor y of Bundi had come first in the late seventeenth

centur y.

~IOld wars; bravely fought but usually little more had

been at stake other than the honour and local glory of

one particular prince. The fortifications were now

useless, the palace was empty. One dark, dusty room

had old photographs and remnants of Victor ian bric-

a-brac. The small formal garden in the courtyard was

in decay; and the mechanical, decorative nineteenth-

century Bundi mur als around the courtyard had faded

to blues and yellows and greens. In the inner rooms,

hidden from the sun, brighter colours survived, andsome panels wer e exquisite. But it all awaited r uin.

§]~------Their mock aggressiveness and mock exasperation

held little of real despair or rebellion. It was a ritual

show of deferenceto authority, a demonstration of their

complete dependence on authority. The commissioner

smiled and listened and heard them all; and their passion faded.

~~------They were far removed from the commissioner's

anxieties, from his vision of what could be done with

their land. They were, really, at peace with the world

they knew. Like the woman in whose yard we sat.

She was friendly, she had dragged out string beds for

us from her little brick hut; but her manner was

slightly supercilious. There was a reason. She was

happy, she considered herself blessed. She had hadthree sons, and she glowed with that achievement.

§J _Men had retr eated to their last, impregnable defences:

their knowledge of who they were, their unshakeable

place in the scheme of things; and this knowledge

was like their knowledge of the seasons. Rituals

marked the passage of each day, rituals marked

every stage of a man's life. Life itself had been turned

to r itual; and everything beyond this complete and

sanctified world was vain and phantasmal.

§]~-----~But to those who embraced its philosophy of

distress, India also offered an enduring security, its

equilibr ium. Only India with its great past, its

civilisation, its philosophy, and its almost holy

poverty, offer ed this truth; India was the truth. And

India, for all its surface terrors, could be proclaimed,

without disingenuousness or cruelty, as perfect. Not

only by pauper but by pr ince.



e were, as the commissioner said, among men

who until recently, cut only the very tops of sugar

cane and left the rest of the plant, the substance

of the cr op, to rot. So the present concer n, her e

i the model village, about fertiliser s and yieldsas an immeasur able advance.

Kingdoms, empires, pr ojects like the

commissioner 's; they had come and gone.

The monuments of ambition and r estlessness

littered the land, so many of them abandoned

or destroyed, so many unfinished, the wor k of

dynasties suddenly supplanted. India taught

the vanity of all action; and the visitor could be

appalled by the waste, and by all that now

appear ed to thr eaten the commissioner 's

enterprise.

So handsome, these men of Rajasthan, so

self -possessed; it took time to understand that

heir concer ns were limited. The fields, water,

cr ops, cattle: that was wher e concern began

and ended. They wer e a model village, and so

hey considered themselves. There was little

more that they needed, and I began to see my

own ideas of village impr ovement as f antasies.

othing beyond f ood - and survival - had, as

yet, become an object of ambition.

All vitality had been sucked up into that palace

on the hill; and now vitality had gone out of

Bundi. It showed in the rundown town on the

hillside below the palace; it showed in t he

ields; it showed in the people, more beaten

down than at Kotah Town just sixty miles away,

less amenable to the commissioner 's ideas,

and more full of complaints. They complained

even when they had no cause; and it seemed

hat they complained because they felt it wasexpected of them.

All the chivalry of Rajasthan had been reduced

here to nothing. The palace was empty; the

petty wars of pr inces had been absorbed into

legend and could no longer be dated. All that

r emained was what the visitor could see: smallpoor fields, ragged men, huts, monsoon mud.

But in that very abjectness lay security. Where

the world had shrunk, and ideas of human

possibility had become extinct, the wor ld could

be seen as complete.

The Prince's state, or what had been his state,

was wr etched; just the palace and the peasants.

The developments in which he had invested

hadn't yet begun to show. In the mor ning, in the

rain, I saw young child labour ers using their

hands alone to shovel gravel onto a water logged

path. Gr oundnuts were the only source of

protein her e; but the peasants preferred to sell

their crop, and the childr en were stunted.

And after the flat waterlogged fields, pallid

paddy thinning out at times to mar shland, after

the desolation of the road from Kotah, the

flooded ditches, the occasional cycle-rickshaw,

the damp groups of bright-turbaned peasants

waiting for the bus, Bundi Castle on its hill was

startling, its great walls like the wor k of giants,

the extravagant creation of men who had once

had much to defend.

Later we sat with the 'village level' worker s in the

shade of a small tr ee in a woman's yard. These

officials were the last in the chain of command;

on them much of the success of the scheme

depended. There had been evidence during the

morning's tour that they hadn't all been doing

their jobs. But they were not abashed; instead,

sitting in a line on a str ing bed, dressed likeofficials i n tr ouser s and shirts, they spoke of

their need for pr omotion and status.



--------------------------------------

You ar e going to r ead an extract f r om an ar ticle on Marco Polo. For questions 34-40, choose the answer (A, B,

C or D) which you think f its best according to the text.


"Here begins the introduction of this book, which is

called 'The Description of the World.' Lords, Emperor s,

and Kings, Dukes, and Marquesses, Counts, Knights,

and Burgesses, and all people who wish to know the

different generations of men and the diversities of the

different regions of the world, then take this book and

have it r ead and her e you will find all the greatest

mar vels and the great diver sities ..."

So begins Marco Polo's book, 'The Description of the

World,' as pr esented in Ar thur Christopher Moule's

masterful English translation of a ver sion of Mar co Polo's

book known to scholars as the 'F' text. The storied

Venetian trader escaped bandits, pirates, r ampaging

r ivers and sandstorms on his epic eastbound journey.

Sailing the treacherous coasts of Southeast Asia and

India, Marco Polo r eturned to Venice in 1295, after 24

year s, rich in gems, and wild tales of unimagined lands.

Shortly after his retur n to Venice, Mar co Polo wascaptured at sea, possibly by pir ates. One tr adition

suggests he was imprisoned in Genoa's Palazzo and

that he devoted his prison time to composing his book.

On his deathbed in 1324, the legendary adventurer

reflected that he had many more stories to tell.

'The Description of the World,' the original pr oduct of

Marco Polo's collaboration with a romance wr iter named

Rustichello has been lost, and so scholars are lef t to sift

through the some 150 ver sions known to exist, no two

exactly alike. Scholars divide the 150 ver sions into two

gr oups, labeled ' A' and 'B'. The 'F' text, which f alls into

the ' A' group, is housed in the Bibliotheque Nationale in

Par is. Considered one of the best and very close to the

original, it is written in a Franco-Italian language

described by one scholar as 'uncouth French much

mingled with Italian.'

Some of these ' A' texts are notor ious for variations that

show the biases, mistakes and editor ial judgments of

their copiers. For example, when some tr anslators were

pr esented with the news that the thr ee Magi wer e buried

at Saveh in Per sia rather than in Cologne, they inser ted

that the people of Saveh tell many lies. As these books

wer e translated f rom language to language, the

oppor tunities for er r or multiplied; one text fr om the early

16th centur y is a Tuscan translation of a Latin tr anslation

of an earlier Tuscan translation of the original Fr anco-

Italian language. Although we have no conf irmation of

the Marco-Rustichello collaboration other than the book

itself, Marco Polo seems to have approved of at least

some of its versions, for in 1307 he presented a French

tr anslation of it to an envoy of Charles of Valois.

The second gr oup of manuscr ipts, known as the 'B'

group, pr ovides some provocative mater ial not found in

the ' A' texts. Fr om this 'B' group, for example, we learn

that the people ar ound Yarkand in western China suf f er

from goitr e - a pr oblem for them even today. Until the

1930s the only examples of 'B' texts wer e.a f ew odd bits

of manuscr ipt and a printed text by Giambattista Ramusio

that appeared in 1559, two years after his death. Ramusio

tells his reader s that his Italian version was produced 'with

the help of diff er ent copies.' The foundation of his work

appears to be a Latin text dating f r om before 1320, with

influences f rom other identifiable ver sions. What isdistinctive about Ramusio's work is that about twenty per

cent of it was, until 1932, considered unique. That twenty

per cent is thought to have come fr om another early Latin

text, which may have been destroyed in a 1557f ire. In any

event, the source has never been f ound.

A second version containing much of Ramusio's original

material sur f aced in Toledo, Spain in 1932. Most of this

Latin manuscript agr ees with the 'F' manuscript, but it

also contains some 200 passages not found in 'F'. About

120 of those, however , ar e f ound in Ramusio's book.

Because the remaining 80 of f er valuable historical and

geographical material and even help to clarif y some

obscur e passages of 'F', this manuscript is thought to be

a copy of something that was very close to an original.

In sorting this out, scholars have come to conclude that

Marco Polo probably wrote two ver sions of his book.

The second version, repr esented by the 'B' texts, may

have been a revision and expansion done for a select

gr oup of r eaders who had alr eady made their way

through the fir st book. It is unlikely that we will ever know

exactly what f orm the first book took, but the versions we

have still make for a very good read.



P a p e r 2 - W r it i n g (2 hours)

A proposal has been made by an international retail gr oup of companies to build a lar ge sho pping complex,

complete with r estaurants and leisur e facilities in a countr y ar ea close to your town. This is lik ely to cause

disruption to the area with new road and rail link s and relocation of local residents. Th e f ollowing comments

were made at a public meeting to discuss the situation.

- - - - - - -It will bring new')

lif e to the ar ea! /

~

- - - " ~-~-- - - - - -

)What a bout t he noise

an d pollution fr om

the traffic?I

Your local newspaper has published an editorial and invited readers to express their views, to be

brought up at the next public meeting. You decide to wr ite a letter to the editor to state your point

of view. Write your letter. Do not write any postal addresses.



answer to one of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an

~ _ ~ate style.

~-o are employed by a local magazine and have been asked by your editor to write a review of a new hotel

. h bas r ecently opened in the town. Describe the f acilities available. Give your impression of the

::t- rio d ecorations, courtesy of the staff , and value for money and say whether you would recommend it

:-not.

·ou are a member of a group that is involved in a campaign to encourage people to help the environment.

·ou have been asked to contribute an article for a local magazine, describing how you became interested protecting the environment and explaining how groups such as yours can help.

The company for which you work is planning to renovate and ex pand its present premises. Staff have been

ed to give in proposals on how this can best be done. In your proposal, comment on the present

• remises and make proposals for improving and extending them.



For q uestions 16-25, read the texts below. Use the wor d given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to for m

a \ ord that fits in the s pace in the same line. Ther e is an example at the beginning (0). Wr ite your answers on

the se parate answer sheet.

~ ~ a _ p _ p _ e _ a _ r _ a _ n c _ e _

EINinoOver the years the (0) 0P.P.~0~.0 .~.~.~.. of La Nina has been mor e

(16) than that of EI Nino; its patterns are not yet fully

r emembered for more than just a litany of disasters. The 1997-98

EI Nino marked a (18) breakthrough in that for the

fir st time scientists were able to predict (19) flooding

and dr oughts months in advance, allowing time for (20) .

populations to prepare. At the very least, preparation can save

lives. Even in regions affected by (21) , constr ucting

(22) systems and stockpiling emergency supplies saved

hundr eds of lives. Forewar ning brought (23) international

aid to such places as Papua, New Guinea, wher e highland populations

were f aced with (24) after frost and drought combined

to destr oy (25) crops.

APPEA R

PREDICT

HISTORY

NORMAL

THREAT

POOR

DRAIN

TIME

STARVE

SUBSIST



-----------------------------------

For q uestions 26-31, think of one word only which can be used ap propriately in all thr ee sentences. Here is an

exam ple (0).

~ g _ O _ O _ d _

The recent economic downturn has meant that more workers can expect to be in the

next few months.

Susan returned from the meeting with new enthusiasm to do what she could to

protect the environment.



The children about which TV channel to watch all the time. It's driving their mother

mad!



------------------------

For questions 32-39, com plete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using

the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word

given. Here is an example (0).

l iJ C l _ f e _ S _ u _ lt_ o _ f_ m _ y _ p _ f o _ m _ o t_ io _ n _



My neighbour him to use my lawn mower

whenever he likes.



~~tBB _

For questions 40-44, r ead the following texts on off ice technology and ergonomics. For questions 40-43, answer

with a wor d o r shor t phrase. You d o not need to wr ite com plete sentences. For question 44, wr ite a summar y

accor ding to the instr uctions given.

Wr ite your answers to questions 40-44, on the separate answer sheet.

Thir ty years ago, the TV series UFO envisioned 1999 as an era when space fighters were launched

from submarines, the world was under thr eat fr om alien invader s - and ever yone carried a slide rule in

a holster on their belts.

Even as the programme was being made, pocket calculator s were coming onto the market. There was

a lesson about the f uture: it will overtake your wildest imaginings. If you f ocus on how existing

technologies will develop, you miss the real changes - and thr eats. This autumn sees the changeover fr om keyboar ds and mice to using the human voice to dictate dir ectly onto the scr een, and to

command the computer . Wonderful, you may think. A cur e f or r epetitive strain in jury (RSI), caused by

r epeated physical actions. Except that it will not be. It will tr ansf er RS I fr om the wr ist to the thr oat. The

voice box is a ver y delicate instr ument and we are not used to speaking all the time. Even 200 words

(taking a little over a minute to say) leaves us clearing our thr oats and sipping a dr ink. There will be

catastrophes unless we lear n how to use our voices saf ely. Students who get up on the mor ning of an

essay deadline to compose 4,000 wor ds on a voice-oper ated computer could per manently damage

their voices.

Each new technological development tends t o br ing pr oblems with it. Nobody had heard of RSI until

word pr ocessor s exploded onto the mar ket. Long hour s spent star ing into a computer monitor led to

complaints of eyestrain, backache and even worries about radiation leaks f r om the scr een. Repetitive

computer related tasks are such a common feature of moder n wor k that many companies are calling

in ergonomic consultants to recommend ways to avoid RSI conditions such as carpal tunnel

syndrome, a wrist condition commonly found in people who use keyboards. Companies f ound that by

f ollowing their advice, claims for in jury or illnesses suf f er ed by employees wer e greatly diminished.



Certain characteristics of the wor k setting have been associated with injury. These char acter istics are known

as task physical, or pr imarily, interaction between the worker and the wor k setting, and environmental, or

primarily, interaction between the worker and the envir onment. Task physical character istics in a wor kplace

such as a modern office are likely to be r elated to posture, repetition, dur ation and r ecovery time.Environmental character istics may be r elated to heat or cold str ess, lighting and mor e r arely, noise.

Posture is the position of the body while perf orming work activities. Awkward postur e is associated with

an increased risk of in jury. It is generally consider ed that the moment a joint deviates fr om the natural

position, the greater the risk of in jur y and there ar e specif ic postures which have been associated with

cer tain types of injury, for example, to the wr ist while bending it up and down or fr om side to side. The

neck can be injured by bending it f orwar d or to the back, or side bending as when holding a telephone

to the shoulder . Back injuries may occur when bending at the waist or twisting. With industrialisation, the

r end regarding lighting has been to provide higher lighting levels. This has pr oven hazar dous within

certain work settings such as in offices in which problems of glare and sight pr oblems have been

associated with bright lighting. The current recommended tr end is for low-level background light coupled

with non-glare task lighting which can be contr olled.

oise is unwanted sound and can cause many problems in an industr ial setting. In an office, however , noise

evels that are well below thresholds that cause hearing loss may interfere with the ability of some people to

concentrate, as indeed, can other f actor s such as mental loading, decision making or invariability of tasks.

Er gonomic solutions to these pr oblems may include providing chairs with wr ist and f oot r ests, moving

'IOrk stations to minimise glare without shutting out daylight and pr oviding window coatings and blinds

o f urther reduce glar e in some ar eas. These are only a f ew of the ways to ensur e that worker s can be

or e comfortable at their jobs and will be able to spend mor e time at their wor kstations. In juries would

e r educed and there would be a commensur ate r eduction in wor ker s' compensation costs.

In a par agraph of between 50 and 70 words, summarise in your own words as far as possible, the ways

given in the texts in which employers and employees could solve the problems brought about byechnological advances in modern off ices.

rite your summar y on the separate answer sheet.




You will hear four diff er ent extr acts. For q uestions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B or C) which f its best accor d in=


I Extract One I

1 How does he feel about the estate wher e he lived?

A He thinks too much importance was attached to housing needs.

B He feels fortunate to have gr own up there.

C He resents the lack of play facilities for children.

2 How did he and his fr iends feel about having to make their own enter tainment?

A They didn't like being left to their own devices.

B They went ahead and enjoyed themselves anyway.

C They were too busy working to think about it.

I Extract Two I

3 What do they disagr ee about?

A That it is the par ents' responsibility to ensure regular attendance at school.

B That it is better to stay at school to gain qualifications.

C That the young man is at least getting wor k experience.

4 What is the woman's opinion r egar ding her son's truancy?

A She f ully supports her son since he works f or himself.

B She doesn't condone it, but feels power less to stop it.

C She doesn't want to be prosecuted because of her son.



----------------------------------

You will hear a radio programme about a family who gave up their suburban lifestyle for a life in the countr y.

For q uestions 9-17, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

______ 0.

Their house has 1 ~ [ tO J views of the countr yside.

Their main priority is to make themselves I I T Dbefore putting their own produce on the market.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ IJ IJ ·

For the time being Nina is star ting to make a(n) 1 1 2 ! J .

Many people like them, who are I~ I~ with their jobs,

have moved to the countr y.

They invested in a TV set for the I ~of their daughter .

The couple find their new way of lif e extremely 1 [ 1 " 6 ] .

This kind of life is demanding so it is impor tant to be

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C ! D to make it work.



'ou will hear an interview with Haile Gebrselassie who recently won an Olym pic gold med al. For q uestions 18-

-2, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which best fits what you hear .

18 Runner s f r om Ethiopia and other Rif t Valley countries have an advantage because

A Ethiopians like r unning f or its own sake.

B they tr ain fr om an ear ly age.

e their bodies have adapted to their environment.

D they were bor n with unusual physical attributes.

19 Runners f rom other countr ies may suff er

A dur ing training in the mountains.

B due to bad cir culation.

e when they leave high altitudes.

D due to insuf f icient training.

20 Haile is par ticularly good at distances of 10 kilometr es because

A he was obliged to r un to school and back.

B he was taught to run at school.

e school in Asela had many long-distance athletes.

D his running style was inf luenced by car r ying books.

21 Altitude plays a part in producing top athletes, but another f actor involved is

A that childr en ar e encour aged to r un by their parents.

B that r unning is their only means of getting ar ound.

e the influence of the Ethiopian attitude to life.

D the long distances between places.

22 Haile and his equipment sponsor established the Global Adidas running club because

A they wanted to r ecr uit mor e athletes in Ethiopia.

B they wanted to invest money in the spor t in Ethiopia.

e they wanted to see mor e r unner s in the hills.

D they wanted to bring athletes fr om Asela to Addis Ababa.



er 5 - Speaking (approx. 20 minutes)

-' g test involves two cand idates and two examiner s. One examiner , the Interlocutor, will speak to

L be other, the Assessor , will just listen.

Part 1 (3 minutes)

be asked questions in turn about where you live and where you are from, your wor k , studies and _ ~= and your views on cer tain things.

Part 2 (4 minutes)

_ ill be asked to d iscuss the photogr aphs on page 164 together . Ther e are two stages in this part.

ome photographs which show animals in the wild and in some for m of captivity. Look at pictures 1 and 2

64 and discuss the dif ferences in the ways the animals live.

g to a gr oup which wishes to promote better tr eatment of animals. Discuss how these images might help- = ~campaign. Select two pictures which show two strongly contrasting images of animals.

Part 3 (12 minutes)

be asked to talk on your own, comment on what your partner says and join in a three-way discussion

UI par tner and the Interlocutor around a certain theme.

idate will be asked to look at prompt car d (a)

about it for two minutes.

-- ==;;; e also some ideas f or the candidate to use if -,;:;-- ,·shes.

- : ~e candidate will then be asked if he/she has

a add.

e Inter locutor will ask both candidates a

such as:

uch stress are people in the countr y likely to

-=' (om compar ed to those who live in cities?

t Card (a)

p o r t a n t i s s o cial s tatus to p eo p le to d a y ?

- - _ 3aSed demands

- -:; ass media

The second candidate is then given prompt card (b)

and asked to discuss it f or two minutes.

The other candidate will then be asked if he/she hasanything to add.

ThEmboth candidates will be asked a question on the

sub ject, such as:

• To what extent do you feel an only child will grow up

spoiled and lacking in social skills?

Prompt Card (b)

To w h a t e x t en t w e r e y o u r g r an d p a r en t s h ap p ie r in th ei r

e v er y d a y l i v e s t h a n y o u r p a r e n t s ?

- the rat race

- health and education- materialism and gr eed

_ -t will then be concluded with a number of gener al questions about the topic:

-aar e the advantages of rejecting the modern lif estyle and r etur ning to the past?

-- 0people sacr if iced per sonal happiness in their fight to 'keep up with the Joneses'?

-- '. at extent do you think people get what they want in life?

a: ar e the advantages and disadvantages of living in an extended family envir onment?



Paper 1 . Reading (l hour 30 minutes)

For questions 1-18, read the thr ee texts below and decid e which answer C A , B, C or D) best f its each gap.

Mar k your answer s on the se parate answer sheet.

T H E R O T H S C H I L D S

When, in the 18th century, Mayer

Anscher Rothschild (1) his

studies to join a banking firm in his

native Frankfurt, he took the first

steps towards creating one of the

most successful,and most influential

banks.

For nearly two centuries, the

fortunes of the British Government

and those of the bank were

fundamentally (2) Thanks

to the Rothschilds, the Duke of

Wellington wasable to pay his ar my

in 1814-15 (thebank received a two

per cent commission on the deal).

Ten years later , the Rothschilds

again came to the (3) when

145 British banks failed, helping

prevent the (4) of the whole

UK banking system.

The 19th centur y Prime Minister ,

Benjamin Disraeli (5) one

of his great coups as buying

enough shar es in the Suez Canal

to secure Britain a contr olling

inter est - again thanks to a £4

million Rothschild loan. Today, the

company (6) among the

world's lar gest pr ivately-owned

banks, with 40 of f ices in 30

diff er ent countr ies.

1 A abdicated B abandoned C absconded 0 discar ded

2 A bound B fastened C bonded 0 linked

3 A deliverance B rescue C salvation 0 relief

4 A subsidence B descent C collapse 0 demolition

5 A observed B beheld C saw 0 watched

6 A ranks B classes C ranges 0 positions

----

Down by the river lie the cur rant and

gooseber ry bushes - liter ally the

fruit of the potter 's field - for the

loam there is (7) with Roman

pottery. Just above, the bit of straight - or

the army path as the Saxon farmers called

it - (8) past towards the coast.

The heights are crowned with mill sites and

within the village pr oper there exists an

empty secondary hor se village, a deserted

(9) of packways, stables, harness

rooms and tackle. Nothing has contributed

more to the swif t destruction of the old

patter n of life in Suf folk than the death of

the hor se. It (10) with it a quite

different conception of time. The old

farmsteads ride high on the hills. They

must remain remote unless some huge

(11) pr oject thr usts up to meet

them. And this is not likely. Akenfield itself

has no development plans and even if

Ipswich's overspill ever thr eatened it, it is

doubtful if any preservationist society would

launch an (12) to save it. It is not

that kind of village.

7 A splashed B spattered C litter ed 0 disper sed

8 A shoots B bolts C dashes 0 hurls

9 A scheme B collectivity C entirety 0 complex

10 A drew away B carried away C made away 0 r an away

11 A housing B shelter ing C accommodating 0 dwelling

12 A attack B effort C appeal 0 or der

58



-------------Part 2

Yo .u are gomg to read four extracts which are all con .For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A B C 0 D)ce~e~ m so~e way with children and their development

answers on the separ ate answer sheet. " r w Ie you Ihmk f ils best according to the lext. Mark you;

. ~ ~ " ." : . , ' f e a r s ' " a n d ~ F e a r ~ s ~ '~"·".t.,- . .

'. .

Like many par ents I had not f ully appreciated the

emotional upheaval going to school for the f irst time

involves for a child. I had tended to focus on my

own feelings, and notwithstanding my awareness

that this was a major step in my daughter 's life, my

own r eluctant acceptance of this as a rite of

passage which signalled the end of babyhood, had

preoccupied me to the exclusion of all else. Never

once did I imagine she would have any objections.

To be fair to myself, this was par tly because, having

gone back to wor k r elatively soon after she was

bor n, I had had to leave her at home in the care of

a childminder from a very early age, so she was

quite a sociable child. What I had failed to

appreciate, though, was the strong sense of

placeyoung childr en possess.To my daughter ,

what mattered, perhaps more than anything

else, was the shiftto a new, possibly thr eatening

environment. Per hapsit is impossible for adults,

with our acceptance of the transience of everything in the modern wor ld, to understand

how primitive small childr en still are in the their

reactions to the wor ld ar ound them. The wor ld is

unchanging, permanent and any alteration

represents an enormous tragedy. At any rate, my

attempts to leave her at nursery school were

gr eeted with hear t-rending screams which left me

shaken and shamefaced as I slunk awayto my office.

19 What had the writer no t expected her child to do on the first day of school?

A Go willingly to school.

B Feel comf or table in new surr oundings.

C Get on with the other childr en.

D Rebel at her new situation.

A guilty.

B r elieved.

C startled.

D unconcerned.



Early Literacy Development

This great resource gives the latest information on emer ging r eading and writing skills.

You will get facts and background information to help you identify the stages of literacy

development as well as strategies to facilitate them for future academic success. Learn

about the characteristics and factors that promote or inhibit reading acquisition and

writing development. This resource covers:

• stages in early reading and writing

• characteristics of delay and 'at risk' factors

• reading and writing facilitation strategies

• literacy activities

• suggestions for working with parents and families

• lists of picture books

A They are now appearing at a later stage.

B They slow later progress at school.

C They are not always easy to acquir e.

D Parents should not be involved in developing them.

A parents.B educators.

C booksellers.

D children.



-

--------------------

Growing upMy friends were quite envious of my having

famous parents. That set me apart in a

strange way. At other times though, I could

be terribly embarrassed by the fact that my

par ents weren't the same as everyone

else's par ents. I think that when you are

growing up you want to fit into some

pattern, but you don't see a big enough

picture to know what that patter n really is.

You just see a ver y nar row social pattern

into which you have been put and if you ar e

spilling out over that in some way, it can be

ver y embarrassing for a child.

I would love childhood to mean a sort of

free gr owing, but in reality it never is

because all childr en, no matter what their

background, have dar k cor ner s which they

keep to themselves. There is never that

openness - it's just the nature of the

beasts, both parents and children. The one

cannot actually see lif e fr om the per spective

of the other, and so the 'dark corners'

become caver ns of misunderstanding at

times. It's only when you're grown up that

you can actually come to ter ms with those

misunder standings and see your parents as

they really are. Similarly, par ents looking at

children see them as people they love,

people they have to protect from the world

(probably quite wr ongly) and people f or

whom they have their particularexpectations.

There ar e of cour se marvellous moments of

great happiness; but ther e ar e also

inescapable pains and disappointments.

23 In the first paragraph, the writer implies that childr en are usually

A ashamed of their parents.

B jealous of each other .

C confor mists.

o adventurous.

A ar e in need of parental pr otection.

B cannot regard their par ents as individuals.

C need to be open with their parents.

o have high expectations of their parents.



P o s t - T r a u m a t i c S t r e s s~'1ild maltr eatment is a ma jor health problem in the United States, with, accor ding

:'0 the U.s. Department of Health and HumanSer vices, mor e than 1 million cases of

~1i1d abuse documented in 1994. It is well established that exposure to tr auma

~ eatly incr eases an individual's long-ter m vulner ability to psychiatric problems.

Besides being linked to the development of post-tr aumatic str ess disor der , it has

een f ound that a high level of adult patients suffering f r om ma jor depr ession, panic

disor der and personality disorder were abused, either physically or psychologically, as

ildren. Clar if ying what follows f r om tr auma and classifying the var ious types of

abuse may pr ovide per tinent inf or mation which could lead to better means of 1:-r eatmentf or those individuals who wer e maltr eated as childr en.

A can no longer be properly helped.

B are likely to have mental problems in later lif e.C will all need psychiatric help when they gr ow up.

D will be depr essed a gr eat deal of the time.

A when the victim has r eached adulthood.

B af ter it is lear ned how the child suffered.

C by giving the victim certain facts.

D by the sufferer 's personality type.



~E~I~B _

You are going to read an ar ticle about the S panish treasure fleets. Seven paragraphs have been removed f rom the

extract. Choose f r om paragr a phs A-H the one which fits each gap (27-33). There is one extr a par agraph which you

do not need to use.


Gold ear rings hung with pearls sank with a Spanish

galleon west of Havana, one of the many wrecked by

pirates, storms and treacherous reefs. These and

other artefacts offer a wealth of clues about the

histor y of Cuba's golden past. A glittering fortune in

gold and silver has been recover ed from the sea

floor . Treasures including luxuries such as rar e wood

and exotic f eathers wer e shipped from the New Worldto Seville by way of Cuba.

@ J _In a typical year , the fir st of the two annual treasure

fleets left Spain in spring and entered the Caribbean

near the island of Margarita, off Venezuela - a

source of pearls and a frequent target of pirates. Here

the flotilla usually split in two, following courses that

touched much of the Spanish New World. One

convoy stopped at por ts along the Spanish Main, as

the English called the northern coast of South America

and the Caribbean islands. Colonists, forbidden to

manufacture anything, had to buy even such ordinary

items as cutlery, tools and religious medals from the

convoy.

§ ] = = = = = = = = = = = = =In late summer, the merchant ships and war ships

sailed to Havana's well-fortified harbour to form the

treasure fleet. Theoretically, the captain general and

his warships defended all the mer chantmen against

pirates. In r eality, storms frequently scattered the flotilla

making individualships vulnerable. Pirateschose these

loners to attack and loot. But Piet Heyn, to the

Spanish a pirate, to the Dutch a fabled admiral, wasnot satisf ied with picking off the stragglers. He

wanted the whole treasure.

~-------Officials in Havana, who feared this legendary figure

more than any other foe, kept watch for him,

especially when a treasure fleet was about to sail f or

Spain. On August 4, 1628, Heyn and his ships layof f

Cuba, not sure whether the treasure fleet's Mexican

component (the Dutch called it the silver fleet) had

left for Havana to link up with the r est of the flotilla.

Spanish scout vessels spotted the Dutch and sent swift

courier ships to Veracruz to warn Juan de Benavides,

captain general of the treasure fleet. But, unknown to

the Spanish, Heyn had captured one of the courier

ships. Now aware that his prey would soon arrive off

Cuba, Heyn waited to pounce.

§]-------Finally in August, he set sail again. As he neared

Matanzas Bay, about 50 miles east of Havana, he saw

more than 30 Dutch warships bearing down on him. 'I

continued my course, resolved to die,' Benavides

bravely wrote in a letter to the king. But another

officer later testified that Benavides had foolishly led

the fleet into the bay. In his panic, he grounded his

own ship and all that followed.

~-------'I jumped into a boat,' Benavides later recounted,

claiming he had arranged in vain for his ship to be set

af ire in his absence. Leoz, seeing his ship boarded by

the Dutchmen, ran below, changed into the clothes of

an ordinary sailor, and slipped in among the crewmen

who already had laid down their muskets.

§]-------That done, Heyn put his men aboar d the six looted

galleons, along with three other s, and sent them off

to the Netherlands in the wake of the nine he had

captur ed earlier. Benavides' flagship, so jammed with

cargo that the cannon por ts were obstructed, had 29

guns; Leoz's had 22. Neither had fired a shot.

§]~------The story of Heyn's triumph and Benavides' death is

preserved in the General Archives of the Indies in

Seville, Spain. Treasure searchers begin here, sifting

through the voluminous r ecords that officials kept on

ever y f lotilla, on every ship and every cargo. Even

though the locations are sometimes impr ecise, the

searchers press on, going from document to hunch,

f rom the shelves in Seville to the waters off Havana.



Their pursuers rapidly closed in, anchored or

gr ounded their ships, boarded boats manned

ith musketeers and headed for the hapless

Spanish ships. The Dutch swarmed aboard

Benavides' ship and the ship of Admiral Don

Juan de Leoz, second in command of the flotilla.

Spain's l ong reign in the New World is

chr onicled in archives, tucked away in endless

shelves in the vaulted, echoing halls of a stately

17th century building. Included in these archival

tr easures are intriguing charts and maps from

the 16th and 17th centur y, vividly portraying the

har bour of Havana. Here historians and treasure

hunters plough through documents which bear

witness to Spain's and Cuba's turbulent marine

histor y.

The Netherlands hailed Heyn as a hero and

cast a commemorative medal from the silver .

ong afterward children sang a song - 'He

has won the Silver Fleet, hur r ah, hurrah,

hur r ah!' Benavides and Leoz r eturned to Spain

in disgrace. Leoz was impr isoned for life.

Benavides was tried, not for loss of the treasure

f leet but for cowardice, and later executed. Heyn

did not last long as a hero. In 1629, while

attacking pirates in the English Channel, he

was killed by a cannonball.

Other ships carrying similar cargoes sailed into

Cartagena, Colombia, and then west to

Por tobelo, Panama, the collecting point for the

silver that flowed in from the mines of Peru. One

day, a Dominican friar in Portobelo counted 200

mules laden with silver , which was stacked in the

mar ketplace 'like heaps of stones in the str eet.'

E Flushed with a previous success - they had

alr eady captured nine ships of the silver fleet

- Heyn and his men seized half a dozenSpanish ships and put the Spaniards ashore.

In the days that followed, the Dutch sailors

inventoried and transferred the 'large amount

of plunder present,' which included 46 tons of

silver.

Hundreds of ships sank in Cuban waters, victims

of pirates, war , storms or bad navigation. These

are the ships sought today in the hope of

finding the richest prize in the Cuban seas:

ships of the Spanish treasur e fleets, the flotillas

which carr ied New Wor ld gold, silver and gems

to the royal court of Spain. The flotillas, first

sailed into history in the 16th century when

Spain's powerful Casa de Contratacion (House

of Trade) ordered merchant ships to travel in

convoy, guarded by armed warships.

As a young privateer in Spanish waters, he had

been captured and sentenced to be a galley

slave. Freed in a prisoner exchange, he returned

to sea and sought vengeance. In 1623 and

1626, as a Dutch admiral f ighting against

Spain for his homeland, he led rampages

against Spanish America, sacking the Cuban

port of Matanzas and capturing many ships.

Scion of a wealthy family of shipbuilders, Juan de

Benavides was an admir al who had never fought

a sea battle. He got his appointment through

influence, not skill. Benavides, shepherding

about 20 ships, had left Veracruz for Havana in

July, but was forced back to port because of

what he described as 'an emergency' that had

dismasted his flagship.



-------------------------------------

You are going to read an ar ticle about lenses used in painting. For questions 34-40, choose the answer (A, B, C

or D) which you think f its best accor ding to the text. Mar k your answers on the separate answer sheet.

David Hockney's br eakthr ough work on the use made

by the old masters of mir ror s and lenses is becoming

well known. Though ther e ar e carpers and hecklers, it

has leapt fr om hunch, through theory, to accepted fact,

in a remarkably short time. His basic idea, that the use of

lenses - eff ectively photogr aphy without the chemical

fixing - spread thr oughout Eur opean painting fr om the

Renaissance onwards, alter s f orever our own per ception

of some of the gr eatest artists in history.

Two years ago, Hockney was at the National Galler y'sIngr es show in London. He was gr ipped with curiosity at

the speed, accuracy and odd certainties of Ingres'

extr aordinar ily fast portr ait sketches done in Rome and

thought Ingr es might have used an optical device called

a camer a lucida. Hockney obtained one and, with its

help, was soon also doing ver y f ast, accurate pencil

por traits. The more paintings Hockney studied, the more

evidence he f ound that lenses wer e used. This is not to

say that the great names in Western ar t wer e cheating.

Why is using a lens cheating, any more than using a

plumb line? But they were cer tainly being helped ... with

photogr aphy.

When I met Hockney in his London studio, he was

f linging out ideas. 'The photograph is far , f ar older than

we think. It's just that they didn't have the chemical

f ixative until the nineteenth century,' he says. 'It frees us.

It makes the artists of the past much closer . They wer e

mar vellous artists and their techniques have a great deal

to teach the ar tists of today.'

Hockney created a massive gallery of photos and

postcards of paintings on a wall of his Calif ornian studio,

running from the 1300s to the last century, divided into

Northern and Southern European, along which

breakthroughs in r ealism become strikingly obvious.

Each, he thinks, corresponds to a new technologicalbreakthrough in lens making, with the f ir st around 1420.

That is well known and much discussed. But why did it

happen? Hockney chuckles in der ision; 'Oh, they say,

suddenly in 1420 everyone could draw better. From that

moment you never see a badly drawn basket again in

Wester n ar t. They are suddenly all perf ectly woven, in

perfect perspective. The answer is in f act the new lenses

that spread from the Low Countries to Flor ence and then

the r est of Italy.'

Lenses show movement; the pro jections, hundreds of

years ago, are f ar better than high-def inition television.

In clarity and colour, they are amazing, but they could

not be preser ved, except by drawing. They wer e living

pr o jections. There is no doubt that painters saw colour

images, optical pr o jections which look like paintings,

and they made paintings which look like optical

projections. The old master s saw moving colour pictures.

Hockney pursued the theory with ar t historians and

f riends. Fr om ever ywhere, the evidence accumulated. Amere artist, a hand, brush and pencil man, seemed to

have spotted what the combined intellects of academic

art history had missed. It sounds, at f irst hearing, a

complex theory. But here is the simple ver sion. Think of

three periods of art history, all def ined by photogr aphy.

First, the use of lenses from the Renaissance to the mid-

nineteenth century. A tr ick of the artist's tr ade, not much

talked about to laymen. Second, the arrival of chemically

f ixed photography, which immediately threatens the

painters' trade. Ar tists r espond by either trying to tur n

back to the pr e-lens era or by emphasising an anti-

photographic style of painting.The third phase, through

which we are living today, is that of the computer.

The computer allows the manipulation of the

photographic image. Chemical photogr aphy gives way to

digital technology, which can be infinitely manipulated

and manipulation means dr awing. Since photogr aphs

are going to be increasingly made by dr awing, the

photograph has r eally lost its ver acity.

Here, tr iumphantly, the Hockney case that the gr eat

masters used lenses comes full cir cle, retur ning us in

2001 to the r evival of dr awing, another life-long passion.

'For 400, nearly 500 years, the hand was involved with

the camera. Artists were using the lens. Then for 160

years, you had chemical photography. But that has nowcome to an end, and with digital photography, you have

got the hand back in the camer a. This is why photography

is changing and actually moving back towards drawing

and painting.' And Hockney leans back and laughs. As

well he might.



e r esult of David Hockney's work is that

the theory has been accepted too quickly.

B it is no longer understood how these ar tists painted.

C the work of well-known ar tists has been discredited.

D the ar tists' wor ks must be viewed diff erently.

35 The writer takes pains not to suggest that the painters wer e cheating because

A Hockney could do f ast, accurate pencil drawings using lenses.

B he consider s the use of lenses an acceptable technique.

C as the paintings were studied, it became clear that lenses wer e used.

D modern day artists use photography to help them.

36 Hockney considers that drawing became better in 1420 because

A the improvement corresponded with the fir st improvement in lensmaking.

B the depiction of objects suddenly gained gr eater impor tance in art.

C each breakthrough in r ealism cor responded with a br eakthr ough in lens making.

D new types of lenses spread across Italy fr om then onwar ds.

37 The old masters used lenses to

A copy paintings.

B keep a recor d of the image.

C see coloured images.

D impr ove on their abilities.

38 How did artists r eact when fixed photogr aphy was introduced?

A They attempted to paint their sub jects more r ealistically.

B They responded by using lenses themselves to paint.

C They tur ned to a mor e abstr act style.D They began using computer s instead of a camera.

39 What does the writer mean when he says that photography has 'lost its ver acity'?

A Digital technology is increasingly being used in photography.

B Artists are using computers to produce their work instead of brushes.

C Photographs cannot be r elied upon to pr oduce a tr ue image.

D Digital technology allows images to be changed by hand.

40 What does the writer mean in paragraph 7 by 'the Hockney case ... comes f ull circle'?

A Artists are reverting to an older style of painting.

B Photography now involves earlier techniques.

C Ar tists are increasingly using lenses again.

D Painting and drawing have been super seded by photography.



Paper 3 - Use of English (1hour 30 minutes)

For questions 1-15, r ead the text below and think of the word which best f its each s pace. Use only one wor

each s pace. There is an example at the beginning (0). Wr ite your answers on the separate answer sheeL

Example: 0 o f _

B AZAAR S

A bazaar was originally a public market dist r ict (0) R L .. a Persian town. From Persia the term

spread to Arabia , Turk e y, an d Nor th Afric a. In India it ca me to (I) applied to a single

shop; and in current English usage it refers to (2) : a single shop or concession selling

miscellaneous articles and to a fair at (3) s uc h miscellany is sold , of t en for char ity .

The familiar bazaar o f the ancient Islamic nations is vividly described (4) the

traditional folktales of The Thousand and One Night s' . (5) is a distinct quar ter of t he

town , ac cess (6) which i s forbidden after sundown , b us tli ng a nd n ois y b y d a y ,

(7) the quieter residential quar ter s. Such a bazaar may be divided into districts,

(8) all the purveyors of one type of merchandise grouped together .

(9) the bazaar in smal ler towns i s (10) o f a single

na r row s tr ee t o f stalls , in larger c it ies such as I stanbul i t is by (I I ) means simple,

co nsisting of many miles of such passageways. Some bazaars , such as the (12) built

at S a sh an a nd Is fa ha n in I ra n i n th e 1 7t h c en tu ry , w er e d es ig ne d w ith g re at ar chitecturalintegr ity. They were usually roofed for protect ion (13) the hot desert sun,

( 14) with a single roof of individual vaulted domes or · with awnings. Most of these

an cient b az aar s have gradual ly been moder nized (15) the centuries.



- uestions 16-25, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form

_ or d that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answer s on

e eparate answer sheet.

~ d _ o m _ e _ s t _ i c _ a _ t _ e _ d _

The Cat

-h (0) d omest icated t I f d t th h tIe ca , mor e common y re err e 0 as e ouse ca , DOMESTIC

EXTEND

CHARACTER

is the smallest member of the (16) feline f amily. Like their wild

ousins, house cats (17) have str eamlined bodies,

classically shaped skulls, elongated tails and specially evolved teeth and claws.

All of these physical attributes contr ibute to the (18) of the cat as

AGILE

GRACE

wild, are renowned f or their acute sense of balance, amazing (19) .

and lithe, (20) movements.

In contr ast to man's best friend the dog, cats are not considered to be social

animals in the sense that they have never (21) travelled in packs

or adopted leader s. Dogs, on the other hand, which have always been social

(22) , seem to have been better suited f or the f ir eside hear th as they CREATE



------------------------

For questions 26-31, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Here is an

example (0).

0 g _ o _ o d _



36 If anyone can get lost, he will.

depended

He get lost.

37 Philip rarely bothers about what other people think.

takes

Philip what other people think.

38 Protective clothing must be worn when entering this area.

forbidd en

It protective clothing.

39 There will be no progress until we have fully understood the problem.

full

Not until there is be any progress.



_ • . . . _----------------------------------

For q uestions 40-44, read the following texts about comedy. For q uestions 40-43, answer with a wor d o r short

phrase. You d o not need to wr ite complete sentences. For question 44, wr ite a summar y accord ing to the

instr uctions given.

Write your answer s to q uestions 40-44 on the se par ate answer sheet.

The American public has never been quite comfortable in the presence of comedy. The calculated

r idicule and the r elentless exposure of ten seem cr uel or unfair to a democr atic public. If all men are

created equal, then it ill becomes anyone to laugh at follies that are likely to be shared, given the

common background of social opportunity and exper ience of the gener al public. There is an

insecurity in the mass audience that is not compatible with the high self -assurance of comedy as it

judges between the wise and the foolish of the world. The cr itical spirit of comedy has never been -

welcome in Amer ican literature; in both f iction and dr ama, humour, not comedy, has raised thelaughter. Amer ican literatur e can boast an honourable tradition of humorists, fr om Mar k Twain to

James Thurber , but has pr oduced no genuinely comic wr iter. As American social and mor al tenets

were sub jected to incr easing critical scr utiny from the late 1960s onwar d, however , ther e were some

striking achievements in comedy in var ious media: Edward Albee's American Dr eam and Who's

Afraid of Virginia Woolf? on the stage; novels such as those of Saul Bellow and Joseph Heller 's Catch-22;

and films such as Dr . Str ange/ave.

This last example is remar kable, because comedy in the medium of film in America had been

conceived as enter tainment and not much mor e. That is not to say that film comedies lacked style. ' i

The best of them always displayed verve and poise and a thoroughly pr ofessional knowledge of how

to amuse the public without troubling it. - line 17



European film makers produced comedies of considerable stature owing to the old and intellectual

tr adition of comedy available to them. Among French directors, Jean Renoir , in his The Rules of the

Game, conveyed a moving human drama and a profoundly ser ious vision of French lif e on the eveof World War II in a form, der iving f r om the theatre, that blends the comic and the tragic. Though not

generally r egarded as a comic artist, the Swedish film maker Ingmar Ber gman pr oduced a masterpiece

of f ilm comedy in Smiles of a Summer Night, a wise, wry account of the indignities that must

sometimes be endured by those who have exaggerated notions of their wisdom or vir tue. The f ilms

of the Italian director and writer Fellini r epresent a comic vision worthy of Pirandello. La Dolce Vita is

a luridly satiric vision of modern decadence, where ideals are tr avestied by reality, and ever ything is

illusion and disillusionment. 8% and Juliet of the Spir its are Fellini's most br illiantly inventive films,

but their technical exuberance is controlled by a profoundly serious comic purpose. The principals -- line 1

in both films are seeking - through the phantasmagor ia of their past and pr esent, of their dreams

and their delusions, all of which seem hopelessly mixed with their r eal aspir ations - to know

themselves.

44 In a paragraph of between 50 and 70 words, summarise in your own words as far as possible, how,

American and European attitudes to comedy differ.

Write your summary on the separ ate answer sheet.




You will hear four d if f erent extracts. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according

to what you hear . There are two questions f or each extr act.

I Ext ract One I

1 The teacher says that haiku

A has a deceptively simple f orm.

B is limited because of its length.

C contains two similar ideas.

2 The teacher descr ibes haiku as 'active' because

A it has a strong rhythm.

B it makes the reader wor k.

C it is still a popular art form.

I Ext ract Two I

3 The couple agree

A on their son's ability to make good decisions.

B that their son should be self -suf f icient.

C on their son's need for f or mal qualifications.

4 Compared to the man, the woman is

A conservative.

B realistic.

C naive.



c t Three I

Total colour blindness

A is more common in men than in women.

B is a her editary condition.

e aff ects f ewer people than par tial colour blindness.

Colour blindness

A can exempt the sufferer from some types of employment.

B affects many aspects of the suf f erer 's life.

e means suf f erers ar e obliged to under go tests.

7 According to the lecture many people lef t their homes due to A the large number of roads and railways.

B their inability to f ind wor k.

e the lack of land available.

8 The speaker believes that people's attitudes to work were based on

A their backgr ounds.

B a desire f or pr of it.

e mar ket f orces.



------------------------------------

Y~)Uwill hear a radio r e por t about a species of shark called a Great White. For questions 9-17, complete the

sentences with a word or short phrase.

______0

Sharks need deep water to give them I~ ~ to

attack a seal.

Jumping out of the water is possibly a way of I ~ I J : : ! J seals.

Sharks turn over when they breach because their I @]

at the front.

Sharks have been 1 [1 3 ] the same for millions of years.

The number of sharks has I~ ~ enormously r ecently.

The shark's I ~ is a pr ized ingredient for certain dishes.

A shark produces very few young when it 1 [ i S ] .

____________ ~~that



'ou will hear an interview with Marion D'Souza about homes exchanged for holidays. For questions 18-22,

-' DOsethe answer (A, B , C or D) which best f its what you hear .

18 Marion f eels that 'Houseswaps UK' provides safeguards

A by its mere existence.

S by carefully vetting its clients.

C by finding out about a client's home.

D by checking available accommodation. aIJ

9 Subscription charges are not considered to be too high because

A subscribers do not have to pay for the exchange.

S of the cost of keeping records up to date.

C damage insurance is included in the price.

D they issue three catalogues per year . ~

20 Marion believes that the areas visited will gain because

A people will spend more money on accommodation.

S f amilies generally prefer home exchanges.

C people will have more money to spend when on holiday.

D home exchanges are popular with professional people. C§]

21 Marion says that Ana from Spain was

A extremely envious.

S always enthusiastic.

C never satisfied.

D initially dubious. ~

22 Marion thinks that prospects for 'Houseswaps' are

A getting better all the time.

S not very good in Spain.

C better in Europe than elsewhere.

D poor in tour ist areas. C§

81



Paper 5 - Speaking (approx. 20 minutes)

~ e . peaking test involves two candid ates and two examiner s. One examiner , the Interlocutor, will s peak to

hile the other , the Assessor , will just listen.

Part 1 (3 minutes)

·ou will be asked questions in turn about certain aspects of your personal life; where you are from, what youo for a living, where you go to school, your hobbies and your general opinion on certain topics.

Part 2 (4 minutes)

You will be asked to discuss the photographs on page 165 together . There are two stages in this par t.

Stage 1

er e ar e some photographs of different types of technological advances. Look at pictur es 1 and 3 on page 165 and

/k together about what life was like befor e these existed.

Stage 2

ow look at all the pictur es. Imagine you are a member of a gover nment committee appointed to invest money inne of the aspects of progr ess shown. Talk together about which would be the best investment and why the others

'1ould be less advantageous.

Part 3 (12 minutes)

You will be asked to talk on your own, comment on what your partner says and join in a three-way discussion

"ith your partner and the Inter locutor around a certain theme.

Wor k and the workplace

One candidate will be asked to look at prompt card (a)

and talk about it for two minutes.

here ar e also some ideas for the candidate to use if

e/she wishes.The other candidate will then be asked if he/she has

anything to add.

Then the Interlocutor will ask both candidates a

question such as:

• Should people be forced to retire at a certain age ?

The second candidate is then given prompt card (b)



anything to add.Then both candidates will be asked a question on the

sub ject, such as:

• How far would you agree that new father s should be

gr anted pater nity leave f rom their jobs ?

Prompt Card (a)

How do you think the work place will change in the next

50 years?

- working week

- robotics

- gender r oles

Prompt Card (b)

To what extent do you think people are fairly paid for the

job s they do ?

- athletes/entertainer s

- the developing world

- qualifications

The test will then be concluded with a number of general questions about the topic:

• Should people be free to cross inter national borders in search of employment?

• To what extent should the state provide employment for people who have been made r edundant?

• Should the state pr ovide pensions for all ?

• How great a threat is unemployment?



Paper 1 - Reading (1hour 30 minutes)

For questions 1.18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.


- including the principle of the

electric motor, the transformer and

the dynamo, work that (3) .

the way for the development of

technologies based on electricity.

The research he did for Trinity

House was far less exciting. Over

the years, he experimented with

different oils, looking for one that

would bur n brighter and more

(4) He checked out new

designs of lamps and made

improvements to the optics.

Lighthouse keepers had a lot of

problems with water. One which

constantly arose was the amount

of condensation that ran down the

windows of the room at the top of

the tower that (5) the oil

lamps. Condensation reduced the

intensity of the light beam and in

cold weather the water froze,

(6) the light still more.

F A R A D A Y A N DL I G H T H O U S E S

Faraday was (1) adviser

to Trinity House in 1836, a job he

held for almost 30 years. By the

1830s, he had already made the

greatest (2) of his career

1 A applied B positioned C appointed D allotted

2 A breakthroughs B breakdowns C breakouts D breakaways

3 A set B established C made D paved

4 A eff iciently B competently C capably D ef fectually

5 A encased B housed C sheltered D accommodated

6 A fading B lessening C dimming D shading

Astronomers may have taken a step

towar ds under standing the origins

of Ear th's oceans - thanks to a

(7) comet.

All the evidence suggests that when the

Earth was formed it was too hot to

(8) water . So, astronomers

(9) that the oceans came from

comets bombarding Earth shor tly after its

formation. However , (10) show

that these icy celestial ob jects contained

too much 'heavy' water (one hydrogen

atom in the water molecule contains an

additional neutron) to be (11) for

Earth's oceans. Fur ther progress was not

made until comet Linear fell to pieces

during late July, 2000 and r eleased more

than three billion kilograms of water into

space. Chemical analyses suggest this

comet probably contained the right

elements for Earth's oceans. Astronomer s

are now searching for more comets like

Linear to (12) their ideas.

7 A decomposing B disintegrating C dismantling D disentangling

8 A enclose B hold C embody D carry

9 A proposed B recommended C stipulated D specif ied

10 A examinations B reviews C disser tations D studies

11 A responsible B liable C answerable D accountable

12 A ratif y B confirm C certif y D resolve

84



CADETSCHOOLThe Director nodded, 'Yes. Well,

we've (13) our

system over a long period of time,

and we've found that home visits

just don't f it into the picture until

the cadet is thor oughly oriented

to our (14) of

doing things. We say a year merely as a general guide.

Sometimes it's longer than that.

Parents can visit here at

(15) times.' The

Director (16) .

enquir ingly at Mr Holston, who

tried to think of some mor e

questions but could not.

' Actually,' the Director continued,

'the cadets seem to prefer it this

way, once they get started. Whatwe're (17) , Mr

Holston, is to motivate them to

achieve success, which means

success in becoming a f ully

or iented member of this

community and you can see how

home visits might cause a little

(18) in the

process.'

13 A wr itten out B wor ked out C phased out 0 br ought out

14 A usage B process C way 0 custom

15 A specif ic B distinctive C characteristic 0 distinguishing

16 A leer ed B gazed C ogled 0 gaped

17 A standing f or B looking f or C hunting f or 0 making f or

18 A distortion B disorganisation C disruption 0 distinction



An Unusual StoneIn the latter par t of the 19th century, the jewellery profession was str ictly confined to precious

stones. No so-called fancy stones were on sale in any jewellery store in the country; one could

scarcely f ind them in a lapidary shop, yet, reviewing the beautiful minerals that I had gathered

dur ing my mineralogical investigations, it seemed to me that many women, even those who

could afford the gesture of a diamond tiar a and pearl choker , would be happy to array

themselves in the endless gorgeous colours of these gems. So one day, armoured in youthful

enthusiasm, I wrapped a tourmaline in a bit of gem paper , swung on a hor se car , and all the

way to my destination rehearsed my ar guments. Arr ived there, I was finally received by the

managing head of what was even then the largest jewellery establishment in the world and

showed him my drop of green light. I explained - a very little; the gem itself was its own best

ar gument. Tiffany bought it - the great dealers in precious stones bought their f irst tourmaline

fr om me. The cheque, which crinkled in my pocket as I walked home in the late afternoon,

stargazing, tripping over curbs, meant very little in comparison with the fact that I had interested

the foremost jeweller of that time in my revolutionary theor y and made the acquaintance of a

man who was later to become my close fr iend.

A He was too nervous to say much.

B His concise arguments persuaded the jeweller .

C The stone's potential was obvious to the jeweller .

o The jeweller didn't have time to spare.

A He had profited from the sale of his humble gem.

B He had developed an important relationship.

C He had sold his gem to a conservative jeweller.

o He had successfully challenged a bias.



J a d eThe tr ack leads down to a small encampment. As the sun's f irst glow appear s, its

aur a illuminates a Yunnan tr ader pr eparing f or the day ahead. With a watchmaker's

precision, all the possessions in his ear thly wor ld ar e gathered together and placed

into bur lap sacks. These ar e then str apped onto a mule's saddle, a stone picked up

f rom the nearby river helping to balance the load.

He sets of f in the misty light just bef ore dawn, slowly wor king his way alongside a

small river snaking thr ough the valley bottom. The surr ounding jungle pushes in

everywher e, clothing all in a sticky gr een glow.Each step a mar k of patience - down

the tr ack, into the sunlight... into histor y ... into immor tality ... f or the rock on the mule'sback is no ordinar y stone. Bur ma's jade mines are on the br ink of discover y.

In the same r emote cor ner of the planet, yester year's idyll is today br oken. Acr oss

the naked ear th cr awl thousands of human ants, pr ying boulder s loose f r om the

compact br own soil. As a boulder is tur ned over , it is qUickly examined,then discar ded,

along with the mounds of dirt that sur round it. The oper ation is a study in patience.

The constr uction of Egypt's Gr eat Pyr amids was a similar study in patience but with

one impor tant dif f er ence. That in Upper Bur ma consists of deconstr uction, the

dismantling of entir e mountains, one pebble at a time. All involved shar e a single-

minded devotion to the task. Patience, patience - those who hurr y lose, they miss

something, they don't go to heaven.Those who hurry don't find jade.

A entirely unintentional.

B a historical event.

e a difficult achievement.

D shrouded in greed.

A is a laborious process.

B leads to a virtuous lif e.

e jeopar dises the workers' lives.

D is a spir itual exper ience.



-----------------------------------------

You ar e going to r ead an extract f rom an article about rock paintings. Seven par agraphs have been r emoved f r om

the extr act. Choose f r om par agr aphs A-H the one which fits each gap (27-33). There is one extra par agr aph which

you do not need to use.

Mar k your answers on the separate answer sheet.

All eyes are on the shaman: arms outstretched, head

back, her face hidden behind a mask. She wears a

long, taper ing cap, and clutches a short wand in

each hand. There are tassels at her hips and elbows,

and these jump as she begins to move. The crowd

ar ound her watches, spellbound, as she embar ks

upon her journey to the spirit world.

§J~ _The suggestion that this rock ar t may be the oldest

known depiction of a shamanistic ritual comes from

a group of researchers led by Per Michaelsen, a

geologist at James Cook University in Queensland.

They argue that these ancient paintings may

represent not only ear ly religious pr actices but

perhaps also a cultural her itage common to all

humans. Such daring new theor ies do not go down

well with the rock art establishment. But regardless

of which ideas prevail, the controversy is certain to

attract attention to an astonishing record of a

vanished people.

§J _ Michaelsen estimates that there may be as many as

100,000 Bradshaw 'galleries' tucked under r ock

overhangs along the region's major river systems.

Many of the paintings have never been studied. But

observations made by other researchers over the

past few decades reveal several distinct ar tistic

styles. Researchers recognise at least four major

periods which they can place in chronological or der

by looking at patterns of weathering and instances

where one style is super imposed upon another .

~~-----~The subjects' dress changes over time, as does the

style of the paintings themselves. The next oldest

figures are notable for the sashes around their

midriffs. These sash figures still have armbands, but

not the prominent tassels.

§J _ There ar e also so-called elegant action f igures of

people running and hunting, which ar e dif f icult to

date because none is super imposed on a painting

f rom another per iod. However, the abstract style

suggests that they wer e cr eated some time after the

tassel and sash figur es.

§]-------In 1997, a group led by Richar d Rober ts, now at the

University of Melbour ne, used a technique known as

lumine~cence dating to assign a minimum age of

17,000 years to one of the younger paintings. The

second study, also published in 1997, used

r adiocar bon dating and came up with a much

younger estimate: about 4,000 year s. Its author , Alan

Watchman, believes the Bradshaw cultur e might

date back f r om between 5,000 and 6,000 years, but

r ejects the idea that it could be 17,000 year s old or

more.

§]~------Either way, the Bradshaw people wer e not the

original inhabitants of the Kimber ley. Their paintings

have little in common with the cr udely rendered

animals of the r egion's oldest ar t. Archaeological

evidence suggests the f ir st settler s of the Kimber ley

arr ived at least 40,000 year s ago. They would have

f ound a region of open tropical f or est and woodlands

wher e they seem to have f lour ished f or 10,000 year s.

Then things began to change.

§]-------Intriguingly, one of the Bradshaw paintings shows a

boat with upswept prow and ster n, and multiple

paddlers. It r aises the possibility that the artists wer e

or iginally a seafaring people. The idea that the

Bradshaw people came fr om Indonesia or f urther

af ield has a long pedigr ee in Australian anthr opology,

but ther e is no hard evidence to support it.



Both r esearchers stand by their results. Roberts

spects that Watchman's radiocarbon samples

might have been contaminated by traces of

younger carbon. Watchman thinks that the

ainting dated by Roberts was, in fact, pre-Br adshaw. Despite their differences of opinion,

e two are currently working together and expect

o present new results before the end of the year .

e Bradshaws, as the paintings are collectively

own, were first noted by Europeans in 1891

and take their name f rom Joseph Bradshaw, the

ancher who described them. They are found in a

egion known as the Kimberley, a remote place

even by Australian standards. It is a rugged

sandstone landscape of plunging canyons and

- eacherous swamps.

Younger than the sash and tasseled figures, the

o hes-peg figures are much more highly stylised.

e older paintings tend to show profiles. but

" ese ar e frontal portraits. Gone is the anatomical

etail, and many figures assume aggressive

"a ces and carry multi-barbed spears and spear

owers.

e Ice Age brought cooler temperatures, strong

• 'nds and lower rainfall to northern Australia. The

sea level dropped, and at times, during the glacial

aximum. it was up to 140 metres below its

esent level. The coastline was as much as 400

'Iometr es further to the north-west. Australia was

nected by land to New Guinea and separated

om Southeast Asia by just a narrow channel.

uld the Bradshaw culture have arrived in

str alia at this time?

The other s are skeptical. Grahame Walsh, author

of the most comprehensive book on the

Bradshaws to date, is critical of the newcomers'

lack of experience. He says that there are many

people beginning to enter the Kimberley rock artscene and set themselves up as experts. He has

so far found nothing that indicates shamanism

and warns that one has to be extremely cautious

in attempting to link such prehistoric ar t with

comparatively modern art in distant countries.

All these paintings provide a wealth of detail

about the material culture of the Bradshaw

people. Yet, despite this, nobody knows when the

Br adshaw culture developed or where it came

f r om. Only two groups have attempted to date the

paintings directly, and their r esults are widely

differ ent.

The oldest and largest paintings, which are up to

1.7 metres tall, ar e known as the tasseled figures.

They are the most realistic of the images and

show figures in static poses in what appears to be

ceremonial dress. The figures are character ised

by tassels attached to the upper arms, elbows,

hips and knees.

That is one possible interpretation of a scene

recor ded thousands of years ago on a remote

rocky outcrop in north-west Australia. The

painting is part of a vast collection that opens a

window on an ancient. hunter-gatherer society

that may date back to the last ice age. Despite the

quality and extent of this record, much about the

paintings remains a mystery. Who were the

artists? When were the paintings done - and what

ciQ,\.""~\.l"m.~'6-~"



~- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

You are going to r ead part of an ar ticle on ad vertising. For questions 34-40, choose the answer (A, B , C or D)

which you think fits best accor d ing to the text.


The average citizen is bombarded with TV

commercials, posters and newspaper advertisements

wherever he goes. Not only this, but promotional

material is constantly on view, with every available public

space from shop to petrol station covered with

advertising of some kind. People who are foolish

enough to drive with their windows open are likely to

have leaflets advertising everything and anything thrust

in at them. The amount of adver tising to which we ar e

exposed is phenomenal, yet adver tisers are being hurt

by their industry's worst recession in a decade and a

conviction that is in many respects more frightening than

the booms and busts of capitalism: the belief that

advertising can go no further . Despite the ingenuity of

the advertisers, who, in their need to make their

advertisements as visually attractive as possible, often

totally obscure the message, the consumer has become

increasingly cynical and simply blanks out all but the

subtlest messages. The advertising industry has

therefore turned to a more vulnerable target: the young.

The messages specifically aimed at children are for

toys and games - whose promotional budgets

increased fivefold in the 1990s - and fast food, which

dominates the children's adver tising market. However,

the main thr ust of advertising in this area is no longer

towards traditional children's products. Advertisers

acknowledge that the commercial pr essures of the

1990s had an extraordinary effect on childhood: it is now

generally believed that the cut-off point for buying toys

has been falling by one year every five years. Research

suggests that while not so many years ago children

were happy with Lego or similar construction games at

ten or eleven, most of today's children abandon them at

six or seven. In effect, the result is the pr emature ageing

of children.

There is nowhere where the advertising industr y's

latest preoccupation with the young is so evident as in

schools. Increasingly low budgets have left schools

vulnerable to corpor ate funding and sponsorship

schemes in order to provide much needed equipment,

such as computers, or to enable them to run literacy

schemes. While on the face of it this would seem to be

a purely philanthropic gestur e on the part of the

companies concerned, the other side of the coin is a

pervasive commercial presence in the classroom, where

textbooks and resource books are increasingly likely to

bear a company logo.

This marked shif t in adver tising perceptions also

means that a great deal of supposedly adult advertising

has an infantile appeal, inasmuch as adult products

can be presented within an anecdote or narrative, thus

making the message mor e accessible to young teenagers

and smaller childr en. Childr en obviously cannot buy

these things for themselves; what is behind these

advertisements is more subtle. Advertisers have come to

recognize that if children can successfully pester their

parents to buy them the latest line in trainer s, then they

can also influence their parent's choice of car or credit

card, and so childr en become an advertising tool in

themselves.

Ther e are many, on all sides of the ideological

spectr um, who would argue that advertising has little

influence on childr en, who are exposed to such a huge

variety of visual images that adver tisements simply

become lost in the crowd. Rather, they would argue that

it is the indulgent parents, who do not wish their children

to lack for anything, who boost sales figures. While ther e

may be a great deal of tr uth in this, it would seem that to

deny that advertising influences at all because ther e is

so much of it, while accepting that other aspects of life

do have an effect, is a little disingenuous. In fact, the

adver tising industry itself admits that since peer pr essur e

plays such an important role in children's lives, they ar e

not diff icult to persuade. And of cour se, their minds ar e

not yet subject to the advertising overload their par ents

suffer from. The question that arises is whether indeed,

we as a society can accept that children, far f rom

being in some sense pr otected f rom the myr iad of

pressures, decisions and choices which impinge on

an adult's life, should now be exposed to this influence

in all aspects of their lives, in ways that we as adults

have no contr ol over . Or do we take the attitude that,

as with everything else f rom crossing city streets to the

intense competition of the modern world, childr en will

have to learn to cope, so the sooner they are exposed

the better?



• a does the wr iter say about advertising in the first paragraph?

Capitalism has led to the demise of advertising.

B We should have a cynical view of advertisers.

C Adver tising is facing new challenges these days.

o The industr y has r un out of new ideas.

e bombar dment of adver tisements has led to

A childr en taking more notice of them.

B gr eater diff iculty in attracting consumer s' attention.

C mor e appealing adver tisements.

o people being less likely to spend money.

ow have children changed during the past decade?

A They have become consumer s.

8 They are growing up more quickly.

C They ar e becoming clever er .

o They ar e not playing as much.

at does the wr iter imply in the third par agr aph?

A Advertising agencies need to pr eser ve their r eputations.

B Schools welcome aid f r om big business.

C There are restr ictions on how financial aid may be used.

o Companies expect nothing in return for their help.

w have childr en changed the face of advertising?

A Children are influencing the pur chases of adult products.

B They are now the adver tising industr y's sole mar ket.

C Mor e products have to be sold to children.

o Childr en have become mor e selective in their choices.

at does the writer suggest in the last par agr aph?

A Adults feel incr easingly threatened by advertising.

B Childr en ar e unlikely to be inf luenced by their friends.

C Par ents avoid spending too much money on their children.

o Childr en have a less sheltered existence than they used to.

In the text as a whole, the wr iter's purpose is to

A explain the inspiration for advertisements.

B expose the exploitation of childr en.

C deter parents f rom giving in to advertiser s.o pr event advertisers f rom infiltrating schools.



~riting (2 hours)

1 Your school or college has been allocated a large grant from the government. It has unveiled a plan to use

the money to renovate the li brary. However , the following remarks were mad e at the last student council

meeting to discuss this plan.

What about the condition of the

buildings? Bring them into the 21stcentury!

Th e old

library is still perfectly suited

to our needs. What our

school/college really needs is better sports facilities.

It's a disgrace that there is

no properly equipped

auditorium fo r music and

drama perfor mances.

The student council has asked people to submit proposals in which they express their views on the school/college's

plan and comment on other people's suggestions.



-"';-a an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an

r o pr iate style.

2 A magazine has asked its readers to contribute to a special edition it is bringing out entitled 'Childhood to

Ad ulthood '. Readers are invited to send in articles in which they describe childhood experiences which had

a gr eat inf luence on their lives.

3 You work for the newly set up local tourist board of a previously undeveloped part of your country. The

board is trying to promote the area as a destination for summer and winter holidays. You have been asked

to visit some local places of interest to assess their value in attracting tourists.

The restaurant of a successful chain has just received a new area supervisor . As manager of the restaurant,

ou are aware of the main problems of its employees: Write a report for the new supervisor summarising

the complaints, identifying the most urgently needed changes and making recommendations for achieving

these.



Paper 3 - Use of English (l hour 30 minutes)

For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each s pace. Use only one word in

each s pace. There is an example at the beginning (0). Wr ite your answers on the se parate answer sheet.

Example: ~ i _ n _

AL L W O R I ( AN D N O PL AY

Universally, work has been a central focus point (0) . ! n societ y. As o ld as the idea of work

( I ) is the question of what consti tutes ' real wor k'. T his is , in fact , a very subjective

question indeed . (2) yo u to ask a miner , or an y" labourer for that matter, what real

work is, he would probably reply that real work entails working (3) your hands and,

in the process , getting them dirty. To the average blue-collar worker , white-collar workers are those

peop le wh o si t in their of fic es da y (4) day doing little o r (5) in the l ine

of actual work . By (6) , if you approached a white-collar worker or a professional of

(7) sor t with the same quest ion , yo u ca n rest assu red that they (8) .

a da ma ntly m ai nta in th at th e w or ld w ou ld s to p r ev olv in g (9) the ir invaluable

intellectual contribution to the scheme (10) things.

This idea is reffected ( I I ) the vocabular y us ed to descr ibe work and i ts related

subjects. Words (12) career, vo ca tio n a nd pr ofession carry a (13) .

elevated connotation than the sim ple t erm ' job' . T he (14) three lexical i tems convey

the idea of learned persons sitting at desks and using their grey matter to solve matters involving

fin an cial , legal or me d ical matter s, (15) the humble s lave away at some mundane

work station o r assembly l ine task .



- ~ q estions 16-25, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form

_ 'ord f at fits in the s pace in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers on

e parate answer sheet.

~ c _ o _ m _ p _ o _ s _ i t _ i o _ n _ s _

Po p Mu s ic alscompositions. CO OS

r d Andrew Lloyd Webber, a man whose (0) , eclectic rock based MP E

rks, helped (16) Br itish and Amer ican (17) theatr e VITAL / MUSIC

he late 20th century. As a student at Oxford University, a (18) PARTNER

" as founded between Webber and Timothy Rice to put on dramatic productions.

eir f ir st (19) successful ventur e was 'Joseph and The Amazing

echnicolor Dreamcoat', a pop oratorio for children that earned world-wide acclaim.

as f ollowed by the rock opera, 'Jesus Christ Superstar ', an extremely popular ,

ough (20) work that blended classical forms to tell the story of CONTROVERSY

. h Rice was on 'Evita'. 'Cats' was his next major production, in which he set to

sic verses from a children's book by T.S. Eliot. With two (23) ,

ar les Hart and Richard Stilgoe, he then composed a hugely successful version

'The Phantom of the Opera'.

yd Webber 's best works were flashy spectacles that featur ed vivid melodies

f or ceful and dramatic staging. He was able to blend such varied and

24) genres as rock and roll, English music-hall song, and

25) forms into music that had a wide mass appeal.

SIMILAR

OPERA



------------------------------------

For q uestions 26-31, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Her e is an

example (0).

~ g _ O _ O _ d _

Stephen blamed the in his f lat on the fact that he could find no one to help with the

housework.

Since he was constantly misinformation by those around him, he was never aware

of the r eal situation.

Children on plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables are generally healthier than those

who are not.



Br ian deals mainly with the company's clients, while Mary handles the financial of

hings.

Julie had to the impulse t o answer b ack when she was reprimanded for her

behaviour.



------------------------------------

For q uestions 32-39, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the f irst sentence, using

the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the wor d

given. Her e is an example (0).

~ a _ r _ e _ s u _ l t _ o _ f _ m _ y _ p _ r _ o _ m _ o _ t _ i o _ n _

The plans f or a new sports centr e ar e .

........................................ unless the cost is r educed.

Lack of adequate collater al may .

him a loan.



The company's the owner 's

mismanagement.



--------------------------------------

For questions 40-44, read the following texts on dyslexia For questions 40-43, answer with a word or short

phrase. You do not need to write complete sentences. For question 44, write a summar y according to the

instructions given.

Write your answers to questions 40-44 on the separate answer sheet.

Ther e is no avoiding the fact that in today's institutes of lear ning, from primar y to ter tiary level, it is

impossible to absorb and interpr et the bulk of the subject matter taught without competent reading

skills. Modern schooling assumes literacy and numeracy skills and children need to be able to read

and spell correctly, and also to communicate clearly in wr iting. In this educational climate, dyslexic

children are at a huge disadvantage.

Dyslexia is a condition which can affect much more than merely the ability to read: ther e may be

difficulties in problem solving or in organising work and time, there may also be problems withconcentration or remembering pieces of information long enough to use them. If the child is allowed

to work at his own pace and level, then results can be achieved, but if the condition is not picked up

it is not unusual for the dyslexic child to find that school is a peculiarly hostile environment, since

such a child is all too often labelled, by peers and teachers alike, as lazy and uncooperative or

simply of low intelligence. This per ception of the child will almost cer tainly r esult in it rejecting the

institution, and disruptive behaviour and an enduring sense of failure are the most common r esults.

It is therefore vital that the teacher should be aware of what constitutes dyslexia and should be able

to counter any feeling in the child that it is inadequate. The teacher must be able to provide a

classroom situation in which all the children, whatever their difficulty, should feel secur e, and through

positive reinforcement make it possible for the dyslexic child to understand that he or she can do as

well as his or her peers.

line 11

line 12

41 In your own words explain what makes teachers think that dyslexic children are 'lazy' or 'of low intelligence'

(lines 11 and 12).



:Jyslexia is a disorder that af fects millions of people all over the world. It is one type of specif ic

earning disability that af fects liter acy and which can manifest itself in a number of ways.

In adults, dyslexia may not have been identif ied and individuals often believe they have a liter acy

r oblem or r elated diff iculties which make it har d f or them to f unction efficiently in the wor kplace. An

i dication of whether these pr oblems are due to dyslexia or to other reasons can be gained by

r unning through an adult dyslexia checklist, followed by an initial inter view to gain background

i f or mation about the individuals and their educational histor y. If an adult is assessed as dyslexic, a

r eport would then provide a full description of the individual's str engths and weaknesses and offer

r ecommendations for action. The concr ete evidence of the presence of dyslexia provided in the

r epor t can be used in a variety of ways, for example, when applying f or suppor t on cour ses and

r eceiving appropr iate support within the workplace.

=xper ience suggests that the majority of dyslexic adults are relieved to discover their dyslexia. It

enables dyslexic adults to under stand their educational history and put past exper iences into

context; this relieves some of the frustration they will inevitably have felt. When dyslexic adults

nder stand their dyslexia, they are able to participate in continuing education and succeed in the

ar eas of their choice; some people will need specific details about dyslexia and advice on how they

can impr ove their skills effectively. In a sympathetic envir onment, dyslexic adults ar e able to f ulfil

. eir potential.

In a paragraph of between 50 and 70 words, summarise in your own wor ds as f ar as possible, how,

according to the passage, adults and children can benefit from r ecognition of their pr oblem.



'T ac t Three I

e speaker says that the fire was

A set deliberately.

8 hampered by high winds.

C put out twice.

e speaker comments that as a result of the fire

A the layout of London's streets was radically changed.

8 St. Paul's Cathedral was built as a memorial.

C a large edifice now stands near to where the fire began.

Accor ding to the speaker , the Angus South Course

A caters for professional golfers.

B has knowledgeable employees.

C has changed its name.

he speaker feels that

A both courses are well-designed.

8 each course caters for differ ent skills.

C both courses have been extremely successf ul.



------------------------------------

You will hear part of a radio talk about an ancient Mesoamerican city and the discoveries that were made ther e.

For q uestions 9-17, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

The Aztecs believed that Teotihuac n had been constr ucted by 1

0.

Teotihuac n I ~ ~ was bigger than many

Our inability to r ead the 1 ~[2D limits our

knowledge of how people lived in the city.

Bones discovered in 1989 seem to have belonged to

_____ _ _____ _ ____ ~~ buried with their weapons.

The ar cheologist compar es the construction of Mesoamer ican pyramids to that

of an I @].

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ C I D

-----@]

If the skeleton had shar pened teeth and precious jeweller y, this would indicate I I~.

In order to shed more light on the city and its civilization, fur ther

______________ ~ must be done.



, ar an inter view with Jack Brown, the creator of the ver y popular car toon character, Ar thur .

. _="'·ons 18-22, choose the answer (A , B, C or D) which best fits what you hear .

• = - :: t is bemused by his character's popularity because

he never thought Arthur would be attractive to adults.

aar dvarks aren't particularly lovable.

Arthur has drawn so many families closer together.

O!!J Ar thur is rather old.

r ding to Jack, Arthur's character

came to him, as he was reading to his child.

developed slowly over a period of time.

was meant to cheer up his recuperating son.

~was meant to mirror an actual person.

- or ding to Jack, Arthur

made him wealthy when he first appeared.

B has appeared in children's theatre.

C is still important in his son's life.

~was so popular that he continued creating stories.

ack says he stopped touring when

A a book was written about Arthur .

S he met Carol Greenwold after a TV broadcast.

C Arthur happened to be discovered.

~D he was asked to appear on a TV programme.

e Ar thur car toon series seems to have

A enjoyed incredible success from the outset.

S exhausted its possibilities,

C not done very well in a popularity poll.

DE]0 been used as a vehicle for adver tising goods.

1 0 7



------------------------------------

You will hear two theatre critics talking about modern theatres. For questions 23-28, decide whether the

opinions ar e ex pressed by only one of the speaker s, or whether the s peakers agree.

Write S

L

or B

for Stephen

for Lucy

for Both



Paper 5 - Speaking (approx. 20 minutes)

peaking test involves two candidates and two examiners. One examiner , the Interlocutor , will s peak to

wllile the other , the Assessor , will just listen.

Part 1 (3 minutes)

\\ill be asked questions in turn a bout where you live and where you are from, your work , stud ies and - "'::-e ts. and your views on certain things.

Part 2 (4 minutes)

ill be ask ed to d iscuss the photogra phs on page 166 together . There are two stages in this part.

_e 1

e some photographs which show the way in which today's young people express themselves. Look at

"C:Jt; jlap,hs 1 and 2 on page 166 and discuss how the images relate to the lifestyle of young people today.

at all the pictures. Imagine these photographs are being used by parents' groups to demonstrate to the'es the need for more facilities and activities for the youth of your town. Discuss what each image shows

about how young people's energies can be channelled in a positive way.

Part 3 (12 minutes)

be ask ed to talk on your own, comment on what your par tner says and join in a three-way discussion

ur par tner and the Interlocutor ar ound a certain theme.

i ate will be asked to look at p r o m p t c ar d (a)

about it for two minutes.

' = ' ;;or e also some ideas for the candidate to use if

es.

~ candidate will then be asked if he/she has

o add.

~ Interlocutor will ask both candidates a

s ch as:

, extent does fashion playa role in your daily

The second candidate is then given p r o m p t c a rd (b )

and asked to discuss it for two minutes.


anything to add.


subject, such as:

• Why do people feel the need to conform to the

standards set by society ?

P ro m p t C ar d (b )

Is m od ern life m ore d em a n d i n g t h a n i t u s e d t o b e ?

- f ear of rejection

- peer pressure

- image enhancement

: ',rillthen be concluded with a number of gener al questions about the topic:

the media influence our ideas on fashion ?

iety got the right to dictate what people wear?

other ar eas of life does fashion playa role ?

o you think people should be follower s of fashion?




For q uestions 1-18, r ead the thr ee texts below and d ecide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

Mark your answer s on the se parate answer sheet.

F O L K L O R Efire at night, the har d-working

Indians could be tr anspor ted to

another wor ld through the talent

of a good storyteller . The ef f ect

was not only (3) f rom

the novelty of the tale itself but

also from the imaginative skill of

the narrator , who often added

gestur es and songs and

occasionally adapted a par ticular

tale to (4) a specif icculture. One adaptation fr equently

used by the storyteller was the

r epetition of incidents. The

description of an incident would

be r epeated a (5) .

number of times. This type of

r epetition was very eff ective in oral

communication, for it firmly

(6) the incident in the

minds of the listener s, much in the

same manner that repetition is

used today in r adio and television

adver tising.

Folktales have always been a

(1) of the social and

cultural lif e of American Indian

and Inuit peoples regardless of

whether they were sedentary

agricultur alistsor nomadic hunters. As they (2) around a

1 A section B par t C por tion D piece

2 A joined B merged C gather ed D united

3 A derived B issued C stemmed D ensued

4 A connect B blend C suit D compar e

5 A peculiar B cer tain C typical D positive

6 A planted B allocated C assigned D trapped

Almost ever y culture thr oughout

histor y has valued gold in its

various (7) and sought it

as a pr ecious mater ial, either to wor ship

or (8) in. A symbol of power and

success, the desire to own it tends to

provoke greed and lust. Itsvery pr esence

can make or break a nation. The esteem

associated with it has (9) .

mankind to great lengths to obtain it and

the great gold rushes of the 19th century

saw hundreds of thousands die in their

attempt to (10) it r ich. Despite

declining gold pr ices and uncer tainties in

the mar ket, as countries such as Australia

and the UK sell off lar ge (11) of

their gold reserves, the desire to f ind gold

is as strong as ever . Inthe US, panning f or

gold has become a huge leisure industry,

wher e once men (12) and slaved

for the glitter of gold, families now take

their gold pans and picnics f or a day out.

However , for most, gold is still only the

stuff of dreams.

7 A kinds B f orms C states D designs

8 A bar gain B engage C tr ade D handle

9 A sent B thrown C forced D driven

10 A hit B discover C str ike D make

11 A helpings B fr actions C portions D ser vings

12 A exer ted B toiled C str ained D gr ound

110



EARS

_ ar e famous for wak ing u p

r e head s, at least according

• pular (13) .

eone who'd disagree with

Il-t) is Pr ofessor

"-Harlow of the Univer sity of

Wyoming . He has found that

bear s wake u p r aring to go after

their winter slee p. 'After 130 d ays

of hiber nation, a bear can come

(15) out of its d en and

clim b a mountain,' he says. His

team is investigating how bears

manage to (16) this

trick , in the hope of helping

humans with muscle-wasting

conditions. Ther e ar e a number

Pap er 1 - Reading

of possi ble ex planations of how

bears (17) their

str ength during hi ber nation. One

possibility is that bear s sacr ifice

their less essential muscles to

keep 'f ight or f light' muscles up to

(18) which is a usef ul

id ea for anyone trying to get back

to normal af ter a plaster cast is

removed.

knowledge B belief C jUdgement 0 awarenesspledge B f allacy C claim 0 avowal

away B f ar C clear 0 straight

pull of f B set of f C take off 0 star t of f keep B maintain C hoar d 0 upholdscr atch

B level C score 0 mar k



-

-----------------

You ~re going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with labour -savin

questIOns 19-26, choose the answer (A, B , C or D) which you think fits best according to the text

g

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. .

Jim Kirby was an inventor for most of his adult life.

After seeing his father work too hard for too little, he

decided early on that he would not spend his life as a

salaried worker . Instead, he started his own business

designing gadgets for a fee. Best known for the

vacuum cleaner that bears his name, his goal in life

was to reduce or eliminate drudgery wherever i t

existed.

His first cleaner, invented in 1906, used water for dirt

separation. In 1907, displeased with the unpleasant

task of disposing of dirty water, he went back to work

and designed a system that used a spinning action

and cloth to filter the dirt. Over the years, he

developed numerous innovative vacuum cleaner

designs. Over 200 patents, along with a host of

products being used today, are a tribute to Jim Kirby'ssuccess.

In 1907, another man, James Murray Spangler also

built a machine f or cleaning carpets. The device grew

out of his own need, for he was employed as a janitor

i n a department stor e and used a broom and carpet

sweeper in his daily work. Spangler was apparently

familiar with the then new idea of using suction to

remove dust and dirt from car pets. It occurred to him

that carpets could be more easily cleaned with the

sweeping action used in the carpet sweeper .Using tin and wood as materials and a pillow case for a

dust bag, he combined the two ideas in a single

machine and although it was a crude and clumsy

device, it worked. Spangler lacked the capital,

manuf acturing capacity and merchandising experience

to market his new machine, so he contacted a boyhood

friend, William H. Hoover to try to interest him in the

pr oject. Hoover perceived the possibilities of the new

device, and a company was formed in 1908 to begin

the manufacture of the machine. Three years later, the

company started trading under the name of 'Hoover',

which remains even today a household word for

vacuum cleaners.

A become prosperous businessmen.

B make manual labour easier .

C become famous designers.

o to experiment with new ideas.

A bore the inventors' names.

B were not an instant success.

C removed grime from carpets.

o worked on the same principle.



Until the 1920s, domestic servants were

ommon in Europe and any easing of their lot

was fr owned on. It was not until after the First

or ld War , which dr ained economies and

~emporar ily obstr ucted affluent society, that

omestic life in Europe started to change.

Women were emancipated, domestic labour

less easily available and items previously

r eserved only for the wealthy were now

available to all. In Amer ica, however, things had

been different; the r apidly expanding wester n

fr ontier had meant har d wor k and long hour s.

Combined with high wages and a labour

shortage, this had presented a par ticularly

receptive market for mass pr oduced labour saving devices of all kinds.

When the Second World War came, it cr ippled

Eur ope but lef t the American economy

r elatively unscathed, with the result that

Amer ica took the lead in the production and

mar keting of household appliances. By the

latter part of the centur y though, the rest of the

world had caught up. Since then, consumers'

expectations have risen as technological

improvements have r esulted in a bewilder ing

arr ay of products. 'State of the Art' is now a 21st

century catchphr ase.

A less time being available f or housework.

B the women's liber ation movement.

e the extr avagant lifestyle in Europe.

D people's unwillingness to do household chores.

A when technology advanced.

B pr ior to their availability in the US.

e in the ear ly part of the 21s1 century.

D compar atively late.



available at that time and was a good

conductor of heat without being destroyed

by its application. Hence the name we still

use today. Tr iangles of various shapes and

sizes which were heated from the outside

wer e used f or the purpose of smoothing

linens. Many of these triangular ir ons were

wr ought in artistic styles, even being

veneer ed on the outside with embossed

silver , making them heavy and cumbersome.

By the end of the eleventh centur y, smoothing

irons were part of Fr ench household

equipment. Itwas soon recognised that if the

irons could be heated f rom the inside then

the labour involved in heating the iron would

be reduced. Accordingly, some irons were

invented which were heated by placing

bur ning char coal or a piece of r ed hot iron

inside the iron. A much later model was heated

by gas, and eventually ar ound the 1900s, an

ir on was developed using an electr ic cur r ent

which heated the iron from the inside. This type

of iron can still be found today in many homes

ar ound the world.

•••------------

WRINKLES AND CREASESFor centur ies, ir oning gar ments and household

linen to f r ee them of wr inkles and cr eases has

been an ever -pr esent chore, and still is even in

today's societies wher e ir oned gar ments

continue to be a standar d desir ed in many par ts

of the wor ld.

In the past bef or e ironing boards, irons and

ironing machines, the Chinese stretched their

gar ments acr oss bamboo poles as a way of

smoothing their garments free of wr inkles. The

Gr eeks folded their garments in chests devised

with weights, to f r ee them of creases. The

Romans used wooden mallets in or der to beat

garments into smoothness and later invented the

first press to serve that purpose. Other devices

wer e undoubtedly used, all of which cer tainly

employed weight or f r iction as a method of

reducing the wrinkles found in linen and other

fabr ics af ter washing.

In the Middle Ages, it was discover ed that cloth

pressed while being steamed would hold the

shape into which it was moulded. Numerous

devices were invented by which heat and

pressure could be applied to moistened

gar ments. Iron was the heaviest material

stretched bef ore being ironed.

weighed down and then washed.

ironed while still damp.

smoothed out with an electric iron.

24 According to the text, iron was used to smooth out materials because it

was made in attractive for ms.

could easily pass heat f r om one surface to another .

did not destroy the delicate clothing mater ials.

could hold heated material.



W a s h i n g D a yI remember when I was young how laborious washing days were for my mother . In those

days we had no r unning water, and even the simplest handwashing used stagger ing

amounts of time and labour. She used to fill buckets f r om a communal pump in the village

squar e and haul them back to the house wher e each one was heated in a tub over a gas

stove. My mother spent what seemed like an eternity on r ubbing, wr inging and lif ting water -

laden clothes into a second tub to be rinsed. Large articles like sheets, table cloths and my

f ather 's heavy work clothes played havoc with her arms and wrists, and the whole pr ocess

exposed them to the caustic soap then used.

How my mother would envy those neighbour s who were lucky enough to have r unning

water and electr icity, not to mention the pr ivileged few who owned what was then known as

a clothes washer. She consoled her self with something she'd r ead somewher e, that this type

of washer was a death trap. She might have been r ight, too; the motor which rotated the tub

in the machines was completely unpr otected, so water often dripped into it, causing shor t

cir cuits and jolting shocks. Apar t from possibly electrocuting the user , it ver y of ten left the

clothes in shr eds.

All this made me determined to buy my mother a clothes washer , the per formance of which

had greatly improved, of course, and which bore very little relation to the original, being now

f ully automatic with different speeds for differ ent textiles, as well as being equipped with what

seemed like a thousand different buttons to control water temper ature, rinsing, spinning,

and whatever else the manuf acturer s could imagine could be done to clean one's clothes!

This model, the ultimate of its kind, was the one I eventually longed to buy. The only tr ouble

was, my mother 's chicks had all f lown the nest and the need for this modern contr aption was

now beyond her compr ehension. She declined the off er graciously, although I can't imagine

lif e without it.

A r esented those who had moder n appliances.

B was less well off than some other s.

C helped her mother with household chores.

D had never heard of a washing machine.

A has no need of a clothes washer .

B has bought her mother a washing machine.

C has f ulfilled her childhood dream.

D does not have to wash by hand.



---------------------------------------

You ar e going to read an extract from an ar ticle a bout 19th centur y London. Seven paragra phs have been r emoved

from the extract. Choose from paragraphs A-H the one which f its each ga p (27-33). Ther e is one extra paragra ph

which you do not need to use. Mark your answer s on the separate answer sheet.

When Booth conducted his survey, he had no

precedents to guide him except occasional reports

from factory inspector s, royal commissions, the

census and other statistical surveys. There had

been no inquiry into poverty in general, no

breakdown of income and classes. In attempting

to deal with just these problems through his own

observations, Booth, despite the defects of his

methods, was a pioneer .

@]-------There is an openness to reality, a willingness to look

at squalor without coating it over with moralistic

language, and a humility bef ore the plight of some

of the poor , which give the wr iting a literary

distinctiveness truly reminiscent of Or well's own

effor ts to assert decency. It is journalistic without

seeming callous and sensationalist. 'Here in

Ferdinand Street,' he writes of one packed block of

houses, 'not an inch was lost, and the f ingers of any

one passer-by might have tapped at any window or

door as he passed along.'

§J _ He has a remarkably good ear f or common speech

and an eye for telling details. One pictures him tall,

stooped, notebook in hand, intent upon his

subject, asking frequent questions, at times a tr ifle

self -depr ecating, but never so awar e of his posture

as to lose sight of his inquiry. Booth was,

apparently, cour teous almost to a fault, and his

prose is a perfectly unaffected vehicle for such

decorum. Sometimes we are hardly conscious of

the intrusion of his style. To judge from his

frequently tor tured letters of self-doubt to his wife

and other collaborators, his control was a car ef ully

contr ived per sona, yet the ease with which Booth

is able to maintain the illusion is str iking.

~I -Whether Booth's manner , which lends so much

dignity to the poor without special pleading, would

be as approriate to writing about them today is

wor th consider ing. Nowadays the wr iter about

poverty is likely to make much of his own

motivations, to assert his involvement, or to agonise

over it, even attempting to de-class himself , and

always questioning his r elatedness because of the

strain of trying to r elate.

~-------Yet once he encounter ed the poor , his compassion

was nevertidy or priggish; it was what motivated him

to keep on lear ning and writing. Booth did not

attempt to r ender poverty in its most existential

ter ms. Pr obably he would have found such effortscontemptible, for he truly believed that between

himself and the poor there was an unbridgeable gap

of class and culture. But by forcing himself to live

among the poor , to make a confrontation with their

lives, h~achieved a human r ecognition. His writing is

never so opinionated that it does not ref lect this.

@ ! J _Booth's study of the poor also achieved its first

objective: it gave the public some idea of the

dimensions and meaning of poverty in London.

Never before had the middle classes been told in

such har r owing detail about the ef fects of moraldecay and destitution, about the domestic lives of

the poor , about the oppression of work, the

condition of women workers, the practice of

sweating, about the new immigrants.

§]-------He now found that the propor tion in East London

was close to thir ty-f ive per cent; that of the 900,000

people in the distr ict, 314,000 were poor; that of

these far more than half (185,000) belonged to

families earning less than eighteen shillings a

week; and that mor e than half of these in turn (over

100,000) suffered f r om acute 'distr ess'.

§]~------Booth's evidence thus demolished the middle-

class myth that poverty resulted from personal

failure, vice or improvidence. Despite himself, he

implicitly lent suppor t to the argument that pover ty

was a collective, not an individual, r esponsibility.



Booth uses metaphor and figurative language

sparingly. There is a deliberate no-nonsense

quality to the prose which may be a trifle off-

putting to those accustomed to learning of

poverty through the lyricism of a James Ageeor the r hetorical indignation of James Baldwin.

But, though Booth's primary aim was not to

create literature but to describe reality, it is

difficult to read his writings today without

r eflecting on the literary strengths of such a

method.

And if the writing, like the thought, never

manages to encompass the total reality

behind London poverty, it does manage to

convey strength, resilience, patience, and a

certain toughness of observation which seemswholly pertinent to the harsh realities he was

called upon to observe. He is hardly ever

censorious, never contemptuous and often

gently humorous.

Booth made a second important discover y. On

the basis of information received from 4,000

poor people, he concluded that the cause of

poverty in about eighty-five per cent of the

cases was either 'employment' (both lack of

work and low pay) or 'circumstances' (large

family and sickness). 'Habit' ('idleness, andthriftlessness') acounted for only about fifteeen

percent.

Booth's wanderings among the habitations of

the poor on Chester, Eldon, Ferdinand and

Dutton streets, his tough-minded, empirical

descriptions of housing, styles of dress, eating

habits, shops and employment, may recall

George Orwell's visits nearly fifty years later

among the poor of Wigan Pier.

E Politically and administratively, London had

scarcely advanced beyond the Middle Ages.

In the 1880s with a population of over four

million, it still lacked a water, sanitation and

public health system; it still suffered from

periodic plagues of typhus and cholera; and

its poor laws were as archaic and oppressive

as ever . There was no central government to

speak of. Not until 1888 was a County Council

established to assume overall r esponsibility

for education, sewage disposal, housing and

hospitals.

Booth's dry statistical data furnished

incontestable proof that previous wr iters hadbeen in error; they had actually seen only a

fraction of London poverty. In the Pall Mall

Gazette of 1885, the Social Democratic

Federation had contended that twenty-five per

cent of the working class was poor, a statistic

that Booth had then condemned as

shockingly high.

Stripped of abstractions, except f or an

occasional epithet which temper or compassion

provokes, it describes a reality only to be found

on the str eets of London. As Booth himself pointed out in a letter to his assistant Ernest

Aves, 'I am afraid we are sure to shock ver y

many good people in the conclusions - the

danger of hurting is rather to be found in the

details necessary to support these conclusions.

It cannot be entirely avoided, but must never be

wanton.'

Booth's prose shows none of the strains of

such an engagement. No doubt he was

inspir ed to begin his researches chiefly

because - like many other Englishmen of hisclass and era - he felt vaguely threatened by

the presence of so much poverty and wished

to specify the problem in hopes of finding the

most appropriate solutions to it.



-------------------------------------

You are going to r ead par t of an auto biogr aphy. For q uestions 34-40, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which

you think fits best accor ding to the text. Mar k your answer s on the separ ate answer sheet.

It was tr ue I r ead a lot, but by now I had gr aduated to

adult reading. Dickens had my f ull attention, f or sur ely in

those novels he was telling the same story of travail and

triumph. The additional benefit, apar t from the eccentr ic

character s with their eccentric names, was that many of

these travails were undertaken by young men of

peerless disposition. This was welcome proof that such

life exper iences were universal, and, more impor tant,

could be, and usually wer e, brought about while

suffer ing an initial handicap - wicked step-par ents, or anindigent f amily - which the hero (f or David Copperf ield

and Nicholas Nickleby were undoubted her oes) could

manage with little more than his own blamelessness to

guide him. This struck me as entirely beautiful and

convinced me that one must emulate their efforts, that

one must never be discouraged by the unhelpfulness of

others. Not that I had ever experienced such an obstacle

at close quar ters; what I took f or wickedness was in fact

worldliness, as my mother explained to me.

The unapologetic presence of our visitors, their

peculiar blend of restlessness and complacency, which

was discordant, was essentially harmless, though itoccasionally sought relief in imprecations, in disappr oval

of other s, pr incipally of my mother and myself . I saw - in

Nancy's hoarse smoker 's laugh, in Millicent's delicate

hand smoothing her hair - a quality that was alien to our

own lives, faintly undesirable. Sometimes my mother 's

eyes had a look of tiredness, and she was obliged to turn

her head away f o r a br ief moment, as suggestions for

improvement, or rather self -impr ovement, came her way.

These visits, which I now see were under taken for mor e

mercif ul r easons than mere cur iosity, were in essence a

f orm of female solidarity before that condition had been

politicised. They wer e concer ned for any woman, living onher own with only a child for company. At the same time,

they wer e fear ful that such ivory tower isolation might be

catching. They wanted my mother to be r einstated in

society for their sakes as much as her own. They

genuinely pitied a woman who had no status, but they

also tr anslated this lack of status as failure in the world's

terms.

What distinguished my mother was a for m of

guilelessness which they had, regretfully, laid aside. This is

what I saw: they had exchanged one position for another

and may not have been entirely compensated. My mother

was their crusade; they also usefully saw her as a pupil.

When they rose to leave, the frowns disappeared from

their faces, the concern evapor ated, and their embraces

wer e genuine. They were glad to get back to their own

orbit, with its compr ehensible distractions, glad to have

done their social duty, even if the results wer e so sadlylacking. My mother , shaking cushions after their

depar ture, would be more silent than usual, and I

somehow knew I should not intrude on her thoughts. I

r eflected that Nancy and Millie were characters, no less

and no more, and that any confrontation - but none had

taken place nor would take place - would be unequal: my

mother was bound to succeed, for she was untainted by

the wor ld's cor ruption and thus qualified for r emission. I

comfor ted myself that even David Copperfield had had

moments of downheartedness.

On the whole, I was happy. I liked my school, I liked my

fr iends; I liked the shabby charm of my f lat from which alight shone out in winter to guide me home. I liked our

silent str eets, the big windows of the houses in which

artists had once lived. I liked its emanations of the

nineteenth century. That we were somewhat on the margin

of things did not disturb me, although the girls making their

way by car from Kensington, complained of the distance,

as if they had been obliged to cross a frontier , or to go

back in time. It is tr ue that our sur roundings were a little

mournf ul, per haps unnatur ally so to those habitual

shopper s. I, on the other hand, cherished them as a place

of saf ety. The str eet lamp that shone outside my bedroom

window I accepted as a benign gestur e on behalf of thetown council, the man who swept the leaves in autumn as

a guar dian of our decency. I was hardly aware of the

sound of cars, f or fewer people drove then. Even footfalls

sounded discreet and distant.



hat does the writer say about Dickens' novels?

A She has always found them to be intriguing.

B They often portr ayed hard work and success.

C They were unequalled by other novels of that time.

D The main characters were invariably impover ished orphans.

e wr iter 's mother seemed to

A en joy Nancy and Millicent's visits.

S disappr ove of Nancy and Millicent.

C toler ate the r emarks they made.

D become visibly angr y when they spoke.

ccording to the writer the visitors were

A per sistently critical.

S extremely sensitive.

C f undamentally supportive.

D utter ly contemptuous.

ancy and Millicent regarded the writer 's mother as

A someone to be envied.

S someone they could conf ide in.

C someone who could give them status.

D someone who disregar ded their advice.

In par agraph 3, how does the writer r eact after the visitors leave?

A She feels happy the visit was br ief .

S She tries to lift her mother's spirits.

C She hopes they will not visit again.D She reflects that others have felt the same.

39 To the wr iter, her neighbourhood is

A a place where ar tists gather.

S too f ar away from her friends.

C a r efuge f rom the world.

D a depr essing, r undown area.

40 The wr iter gives the impression of having been

A always happy during childhood.

S lonely because she was an only child.

C protected from the outside world.

D thankf ul to have overcome life's hardships.



~riting (2 hours)

1 You have r ead the extr act below as par t of an article on the employment situation. R eaders wer e ask ed to

send in their o pinions. You d ecide to send in a letter r es ponding to the points r aised and giving your own

views.

The job market has become so

competitive that applicants are even

being asked to sing, dance, or act out asketch when they go for an interview.

There are now so many well-qualified

people looking for jobs and so few

positions available that soon there will be

thousands of young people hanging

around doing nothing. What effect will

this have on the future? How can young

people today think of settling d.own if

they can't earn a living? Surely, this must

be one of the biggest problems we face

today?



answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an

ri te style.

You belong to a group responsible for collecting money to support voluntary organisations such as aid

or ganisations of various kinds. You and your colleagues have collected a large amount of money and

di tri buted it. Write a report saying how the money was collected and which organisations it was given to.

Giye reasons for your choice.

Your local museum is holding an exhibition entitled 'The Way We Used To Live', depicting scenes and

di playing artifacts from the early 19th century. Write an article describing how our lives are different with

the modern conveniences we take for granted nowadays and how your life would change without these.

R ecently, you took advantage of a package holiday that was being offered by a well-known tourist agency.

The trip was not what you had expected and although you feel that the company was not to blame, you

consider that holiday makers need to be aware of potential problems. Write a letter to the newspaper that

had advertised the holiday describing the problems you encountered , saying how these could be dealt with

or avoided .



Paper 3 - Use of English (l hour 30 minutes)

For q uestions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in

each space. Ther e is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answer s on the se parate answer sheet.

Exam ple: ~ b _ e _ t _ w _ e _ e _ n _

THEATRE DESIG N

Bu ilt (0) ~~~~~!!.... c. 35 0 an d c. 330 Be, the semi-ci rcular theatre at E pida ur us ha s

(I) been bett er ed . I ts acoust ics are near per fect , its de sig n an d na tur al setting

breathtaking . Y et , has theatre design real ly got anywhere since Epidaur us?

In toda y' s w or ld , (2) remains a divide between the expectations of tr aditionally-

minded audien ce s a nd (3) of inventive theatr ical companies , with no one seeming

to know quite (4) a theatre (5) to be - a group of wandering player s

or permanent l y ho us ed in magnif icent buildings?

In the (6) ca se , go ing to see a p lay i s (7) going to the cinema: ac t or s play on a d is tant s tage f ramed by heavy cur ta ins. T here i s (8) similarity between

this and the audience part icipation promoted by o ther theatre groups; the two ex per ie nc es a re

quite (9) each other , r equire different architectural sett ings and , (10) .

date , have appealed to different audiences.

Finding an ideal architectural setting (II) theatre has been a quixotic quest for

centuries. (12) a mirror of the cultur e of the relatively homogenous society t ha t

created i t, Epidaurus was perfect in its time. In today's far (13) inclusive societies ,

though, directors can hardly expect to find easy solutions to something that (14) .

pred eces so rs h av e s tr ug gle d w ith (15) s ince ancient audiences abandoned t he

stone seats o f Epidaur us .



;,.testions 16-25, read the text below. Use the wor d given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to f or m

_ 'ord that fits in the space in the same line. Ther e is an example at the beginning (0). Wr ite your answer s on

€ se parate answer sheet.

~ ~ G 1 _ s _ s _ is _ t _ G 1 _ n _ c _ e _

'With Many ThanksM I h . (0) assist ance d . th 't' f h'any peop eave given to me unng e wn mg 0 t IS

that I am most deeply (16) f or her loyalty and DEBT

(17) dur ing the four year s the project lasted. She gave her time DEVOTE

and advice (18) in order for this work to be completed, giving STINT

both moral and (19) support for the lengthy resear ch into social PRACTICE

conditions the project (20) Her assurance and encour agement NECESSARY

sustained me in my (21) that this was valuable work and it was

(22) what enabled me to continue in the face of often

BELIEVE

DOUBT

in all my ef f or ts and who spent long hours in libraries and on trains to distant

parts of the country in search of material. I know that he will say that he enjoyed

it, but without his (24) enthusiasm this book would never have

been wr itten. Finally, I would l ike to thank my fr iends and f amily, who have

had to put up with what must have seemed to them an (25) EXCEPT



Even though she left the area many years ago, she still has a inter est in what goes

on here.



er f riends still hadn't arr ived by 9 o'clock so Helen went to the party alone.

sign

Ther e 9 o'clock, so Helen went to the party alone.

6 It doesn't look as though John wants to buy that house after all.

decided

John buying that house after all.

7 More spices would make this dish taste much better .

greatly

More spices this dish.

38 She's not very good at arranging f lower s.

fl air

She arranging flower s.

39 My salary never lasts beyond the end of the month.

short

I the end of the month.



------------------------

For questions 40-44, read the following texts on homes and housing. For q uestions 40-43, answer with a wor d

or short phr ase. You do not need to write complete sentences. For question 44, write a summary accord ing to

the instructions given. Wr ite your answer s to q uestions 40-44 on the separate answer sheet.

Have you talked to your neighbour today? This week? People disenchanted with isolated homes - line 1

could consider co-housing, a concept of collaborative housing designed and r un by r esidents who

want their own private space, but wish to oper ate as a community that works better when looking

after dependants, for example.

This kind of living emphasises community care and welfar e. It relies on a participator y process in

which the residents design the community, which is built on a neighbour hood model: there are

private houses or f lats for f amilies or individuals, but also communal facilities such as lounges,

meeting rooms and child car e areas. The facilities ar e run by local people and there is a non-

hierarchical organisation: different individuals lead on different areas of activity, but ther e is n o

over all leader . It is not a commune, however , and operates on a sound f inancial and legal basis,

enabling residents to buy lar ge properties whose value quickly appreciates, and which they could

not otherwise have af forded.

One successf ul scheme in Br itain is the Community Pr o ject in East Sussex. Thr ee lar ge buildings

have been converted into 17 f amily houses, and four new houses are to be built there shortly. Some

23 acres of land and other buildings provide communal f acilities f or the adults and children in the

group. The project is a company which owns the freehold of all land and buildings, and community

member s purchase individual proper ties on a leasehold basis, giving them r ights to the property

according to the ter ms of the lease. Each leaseholder then becomes a dir ector of the company. This - line 18

structure optimises the f inancial position for the company and gives it legal sanctions against any - line 19

community member f ailing to meet community obligations - a standard procedur e for co-housing

groups.



The whole ethos of social housing, which was once to provide pleasant thriving communities for

people who had been marginalised by the high-earning house-buying populace, is finally coming tofr uition. Social housing has finally started to challenge the traditional stereotypes and is seeking to

r estor e a human scale and a sense of place to council owned proper ties. It is typif ied by

contemporary design, energy eff iciency and 'flexible living' (the buzzwords of moder n architecture)

within a high quality environment. The change is social as well as architectural; social housing is no

longer segregated off on estates and council houses are dotted in among pr ivate homes.

At the Greenwich Millennium Village, social housing will eventually make up 20% of the properties.

Inside the houses, everything is built around an open plan design to accommodate tenants'changing

needs thr oughout their lives. There are wide corridors and doorways to allow for wheelchairs, and a

r ubber-floored toilet downstairs, plumbed to take a shower if the ground floor needs to be converted

o include a bedr oom. Heating bills are low, thanks to good insulation, energy efficient appliances

and low cost electricity from a combined heat and power plant. On London estates, tenants

onsulted about new building plans rejected mor e dense, high r ise designs and voted for less openspace but more houses, and so the tower blocks ar e gradually being replaced by low r ise homes

and apartments in a var iety of styles, going back to the old concept of a close-knit neighbour hood.

Per haps some of the post-war mistakes on council estates are finally being cor rected .

."... In a paragraph of between 50 and 70 words, summarise in your own words as f ar as pos sible, the ways in

which people can benefit from the types of housing described in the text.

Write your summary on the separate ans wer sheet.




You will hear four different extracts. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according


I Ex tra c t O n e I

1 The woman decided to work with victims of lepr osy because

A she was running away from her pr evious lif e.

B she happened to be in the valley.

C she was moved by their plight.

2 People who get the disease often delay treatment

A because they think they will be shunned.

B they think lepr osy is incurable.

C because tr eatment is too expensive for them.

I Ext ract Two I

3 According to the woman,

A education and tr aining is par t of the rehabilitation pr ocess.

B the young people need to be treated mor e harshly.

C the young people do not need to be educated.

4 The man expr esses the opinion that

A the young people brought misfortune upon themselves.

B the young people need to be given a sense of self -esteem.

C the young people should be punished mor e.



ccor ding to the man he

A was impressed by the capabilities of the machine.

S was baf f led by the complexity of the machine.

C needed a computer f or his work.

e man gave up using the computer

because his daughter wanted the machine for herself .

3 because he did not know how to connect all the components.

because he believed his typewriter was more reliable.

-<:>~ does the archaeologist say about the existence of the ancient cities up till now?

was widely believed that they existed.

er e was not much concrete proof that they existed.

Some r uins proved that they existed.

oes the ar chaeologist say about the discoveries beneath the sea?

ey ar e well preser ved due to their location.

ater pollution has caused them some damage.

is diff icult to remove them without damaging them.



----------------------------------,

You will hear a radio d ocumentar y about myths. For questions 9-17, complete the sentence

short phrase.

Myths wer e created as a means of explaining 1 0].

Man expressed his feelings about himself and his world in stories with

_____________ ~ that we call myths.

_________ _ ____ ~c:!IJf r om

Man's fate was controlled by a group of I C E J .

The Greeks used the behaviour of the gods to show them the way to have a

1 [13].

The I ~ of the world thought nothing existed

Because of its ability to give life, Earth was represented as

--------~.

Only later did I I~ gods appear.

Names of mythological figures still f amiliar today were discover ed written on

________0.



You ",ill hear an inter view with Marger y Paige, a specialist in alternative medicine. For questions 18-22, choose

the answer (A, B , C or D) which best f its what you hear .

18 Marger y tells us that the convention was held because

A pr evious events had been too informal.

B mor e illnesses had come to light in the recent past.

C an international meeting was long overdue.

D alternative medicine had been slow to catch on among lay people.

19 According to Marger y, what was differ ent about this par ticular event?

A It was more widely adver tised.

B Member s of the public were able to attend.

C People f rom opposing schools of thought were welcome.

D Medical practitioners were barred.

20 The f act that non-specialists were present meant that

A more money was collected in registration fees.

B no one could be recognised as being an expert.

C the proceedings were more inter esting.

D clar ity became indispensable.

21 The response received by the ideas pr esented at the convention was

A too enthusiastic.

B rather subdued.

C generally favourable.

D ver y sceptical.

22 Mar gery's conclusion was that the convention had been

A an indication of a smaller gap between tr aditional and alternative views.

B a way of improving the pr ofessional standing of alter native healers.

C an exer cise in public relations.

D important in strengthening inter national collaboration.



-----------------------------------

You will hear two self -employed people discussing changes in employment patterns. For questions 23-28, decide

whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, or whether the speakers agree.

Write C for Cecilia

W for Will

or B f or Both



: - Speaking (ap p rox. 20 minutes)

g test involves two candidates and two examiner s. One examiner , the Inter locutor , will s peak to

e other , the Assessor , will just listen.

Part 1 (3 minutes)

k ed q uestions in turn a bout where you live and wher e you are fr om, your work , studies and d your views on certain things.

Part 2 (4 minutes)

k ed to discuss the photogra phs on page 167 together . There are two stages in this part.

--~=-:;= - me photographs which show different forms of success. Look at photographs 1 and 3 on page 167 and

~.a~difficulties these people might have had to face on their r oad to success.

_ = . at all the pictures. Imagine these photogr aphs ar e illustrating a lecture on how to achieve success.- ,'; the attitudes of the people shown might lead to their success or f ailure.

Part 3 (12 minutes)

, e asked to talk on your own, comment on what your partner says and join in a three-way d iscussion

- ar tner and the Interlocutor around a certain theme.

ate will be asked to look at pr ompt card (a)

ut it f or two minutes.

--= = - :;-<> also some ideas for the candidate to use if

~ es.

-- -:;- candidate will then be asked if he/she has

-.- ;;: add.

-3nterlocutor will ask both candidates a

~~ s ch as:

- _ ~a change affected your own life?

The second candidate is then given pr ompt card (b)



anything to add.


subject such as:

• How do you think learning a foreign language can

help br ing about changes?

Pro mpt Card (b)

W h a t r o l e d o y o u t h in k techno log ic a l a d va n ce s h av e p la y ed

i n c h a n g in g s o c i et y ?

- gender roles- infor mation

- the family

ill then be concluded with a number of general questions about the topic:

-- , a extent is it important to avoid change?

- u think that ther e is a place for tr adition in today's ever -changing world?

-2: ave been the most significant changes in r ecent years ?

-::;" can one balance cultural values with the challenges of the future?



For questions 1-18, read the thr ee texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

Mark your answers on the se parate answer sheet.

A new system has recently been

installed which should make a

great deal of (1) to future

test cr icket matches. The system

has been dubbed 'Hawkeye' and

is a good example of how military

technology has been used for

peaceful purposes. Based on

missile tracking technology, six

digital cameras placed around the

(2) will track the path of

the ball and help the umpire when

he makes Ibw decisions, (for non

cricketers Ibw = leg before wicket,

when the umpire must (3) .

whether the ball would have hit

the stumps had the batsman's leg

not got in the way). Modern

bowlers deliver the ball at such

incredible speeds that umpires

have diff iculty following the ball

with the (4) eye.

New software predicts with an

accur acy of 5mm whether the ball

would have gone on to hit the

stumps. At the same time, the

system collects statistical data,

including the height it (5) .

and the speed it travelled at. Since

Ibw decisions are often (6) .

disputed, this system will gr eatly

help umpires.

1 A contrast B differ ence C variance 0 diversity

2 A land B ground C soil 0 earth

3 A descr ibe B infer C evaluate 0 deter mine

4 A naked B exposed C bar e 0 uncovered

5 A managed B increased C reached 0 ranged

6 A fierily B smoulderingly C blazingly 0 hotly

Inthe household of the Notch he

found warmth and simplicity of feeling

and the wisdom of New England,

which the family had gather ed from the

mountains and valleys and br ought to

the ver y (7) of their home. He

had travelled far and wide. His whole life,

indeed, had been a lonely path; for with

the pride of his (8) , he had

(9) himself apar t from those

who might other wise have been his

companions. The family, too, though so

kind and friendly, had a feeling of

(10) among themselves and

separation from the wor ld. But this

evening, the ref ined and educated youth

(11) out his heart before the

simple mountaineers. The secret of the

young man's character was a

(12) ambition. He could have

borne to live an ordinary lif e, but not to be

for gotten in his grave.

7 A root B ker nel C essence 0 heart

8 A natur e B trend C mood 0 temper

9 A shut B taken C kept 0 backed

10 A individuality B entity C per sonality 0 unity

11 A poured B drained C str eamed 0 f lowed

12 A glowing B swollen C inflamed 0 burning

136



A SPECIA L

B R E E D O F D O GThe Greenland dogs are a

(13) version of the Inuit

dog, the original working dog of

the North. Though not fast, they

ar e true cargo dogs - good at

pulling sleds over vast distances

in (14) conditions. They

ar e the (15) type of dog

for Arctic exploration, but they

became increasingly hard to get,

as the expeditions of the 'Heroic' Age' (roughly 1850 - 1910)

(16) supplies.

The Greenland dog has been

described as 'a wolf in dog's

clothing' and in fact, purists

believe this sled dog is a

descendant of the wolf. Today the

dogs are to be found only in

designated sled-dog regions in

Eastern and North Western

Greenland where the (17) .

of the breed is protected by law. Itis (18) to import, or keep

dog breeds other than police

dogs in those districts. A measure

of the value placed on the dogs

can be found in statistics. The

population of Greenland is

currently 60,000 people (mostly

Inuit) and 30,000 sled dogs!

13 A healthy B powerful C potent D resolute

14 A profound B excessive C extreme D unnatural

15 A flawless B ideal C sound D impeccable

16 A depleted B dissipated C consumed D spent

17 A purity B clarity C innocence D cleanliness

18 A disallowed B proscribed C restricted D prohibited



-

Io0o- _

You are goir ig to read four extr acts which are all concerned in some way with f ood and cooking. For que _ .

19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think f its best according to the text.


Good f ood is one of life's pleasuresand more than

1,200 years ago, or iental cooks knew that certain

foods tasted better when prepar ed with a soup

stock made f r om a type of seaweed. But it was

only in 1908 that Japanesescientists identified the

ingredient responsible for enhancing flavour.

That ingredient is best known today by its scientific

name, monosodium glutamate. It is often refer r ed

to as MSG and is an amino acid found in both its

forms, free and bound, in vir tually all foods. The

bound form is linked to other amino acids in

proteins and is manufactured in the human body.

The free form of glutamate (not linked to protein)

in f oods enhancesfood f lavours. Tomatoes, cheese

and mushrooms are just some free-glutamate rich

f oods, long prized f or their taste and flavour

enhancing qualities. Fr ee glutamate content

incr eases during ripening, bringing out a fuller

taste in many foods and is made as a f lavour

enhancer by a f er mentation pr ocess, commonly

using sugar beet or sugar cane, similar to that used

for making soy sauceand vinegar .

People have long known about the f our basic

tastes- sweet, sour, salty and bitter . But now a fifth

basic taste called umami has been recognised.

This is impar ted to f oods by glutamate and is

responsible f or the savoury taste of many foods,

such as tomatoes and cheese, broccoli and other

vegetables, as well as milk. If it didn't taste good,

babies would not want to feed.

A from mature fruit and vegetables.

B from fermenting soy sauce and vinegar.

C from sugar beet or sugar cane.

D from a type of Japanese seaweed.

A All food would be tasteless and bland without it.

B It should be added to all foods to improve the taste.

C It is a basic food taste.

D It is an entirely natural ingredient.



Organic Food & Business!

Or ganic farmers pride themselves on fostering Ear th-f riendly sustainable agriculture, but it

r emains to be seen if the organic food industr y's r apid gr owth is equally sustainable.

One challenge facing the industr y is t o br ing the pr ice of or ganic pr oducts mor e in line with

those of conventional f ood products. The pr ice of organic ingr edients is improving over time, but

demand still outpaces supply in many cases. However , supply issues ar e over shadowed by the

f act that the organic foods segment continues to gr ow faster than the food industry as a whole,

f undamentally due to the natur al alliance between organic cr ops and processed foods. For one

thing, organic f ruit and vegetables earmarked for processing do not have to be as cosmetically

perfect as their f r esh counterparts. In addition, f r eezing or tinning organic products reduces

many of the shelf-lif e problems associated with fr esh pr oduce. It was only a question of time

bef ore mainstr eam f ood companies woke up to these synergies.The pioneer s of the organic f ood industry view the gr owing presence of major f ood companies

in their markets as a mixed blessing. Many smaller companies f ear that the philosophical ideals

of organic agricultur e will be compromised by business interests. Other s think ma jor f ood

companies will only help the or ganic cause; many consumer s who ar e r eluctant to buy organic

products may be tempted to actually tr y them if they see a name they trust.

A organic products last longer than pr ocessed foods.

B the range of pr ocessed foods is still limited.

C the appear ance of f ood used in processing is unimpor tant.

D f r aud has entered the organic f ood industry.

A Brand loyalty.

B An idealistic attitude.

C Consumer awareness.

D Larger farms.



---------------

CHILLICapsicums, commonly known as chillis,

come in all dimensions and colours from the

tiny, pointed, extremely hot, bird's eye chilli,

to the large, mild, fleshy pepper s like the

Anaheim. Indigenous to Central and South

America and the West Indies, they were

cultivated there long before the Spanish

conquest, which eventually was the cause of

their introduction to Europe, where, along

with tomatoes, avocados, vanilla and

chocolate, they changed the flavours of the

known world. Today, there are in all

likelihood 400 different varieties of chillis

grown. They are as easy to cultivate as

tomatoes and are one of the world's most

widely distributed crops, available for sale at

most food outlets.

In 1902, a method was developed

for measuring the strength of a

given variety of capsicum, giving it a

ranking on a predetermined scale.

This originally meant tasting the

peppers, but nowadays it can be

done more accurately with the help

of computers to rate the peppers in

units to indicate parts per million of

capsaicin. This potent chemical not

only causes the fiery sensation, but

also triggers the brain to produce

endorphins, natural painkiller s that

promote a sense of well-being.

are closely related to tomatoes and other fruit.

all have a hot, burning taste.

seem to be adaptable plants.

will only grow in selected areas.

contain a pain-killing ingredient.

are automatically graded by strength.

cause a physical reaction when eaten.

are measured according to variety.



_ • . . . _-----------------------------------

You are going to read an extr act f rom a novel. Seven paragra phs have been removed fr om the extr act. Choose

from paragraphs A-H the one which fits each ga p (27-33). There is one extra par agr a ph which you do not need to

use. Mar k your answers on the separate answer sheet.

'I'm sorr y,' said Oliver dr yly. 'I suppose she goes

back to school shortly?'

'No, she was - we were asked to r emove her . She

ran away from school, you know, last term. Not in

this direction.'

'Who enticed her ? Where did she go?'

'I don't know,' said Henr y.

'You should find out. What will she do now?'

Henr y looked vague and began to move awayfrom the gate.

'Nobody seems to know. I believe she's quite

clever . The school seemed to think so, bef ore all

this trouble,'

'Isn't it time,' said Oliver prof essionally, 'she was

making her mind up?'

@]-------One gets sore. Of cour se, she thought, hating her

father now, too, for betraying her too casually; of

cour se, I'm silly. I know I'm silly, I know this stage

will pass. But meanwhile, until I'm not silly, there'snothing. One is tr apped in one's own silliness,

quite as much as in love. Pr obably mor e.

§]-------Her e she went out into the city to look at it, ther e

was nothing she could do that day, it was

Sunday, nothing was ever done on a Sunday.

She climbed up onto the walls, with her suitcase

knocking against her knees, and walked briskly

round them, looking out brightly at roofs and

sloping grass ramparts. Just not to be at school

was a release, to be doing something on her own,

was to be light and singing.

~-------She walked a long way in this indecision, and in

the end, when it was already dar k, she came back

to the station and sat on her suitcase, staring

miserably at the bulk of the Station Hotel. She

was ver y tired and there was a f ine r ain falling.

§]-------Finally, she walked into the f ir st house she came to

- a small Victorian tenement house, painted an

uneven chocolate br own, with narrow, dirty

windows and a hand painted notice in r ed ink. Bed

and Breakfast. Her room was hor rid - a sloping

attic with f r osted glass at the window, and gr ey,

limp cur tains and sheets, which seemed slightlygreasy to the touch. The bed was cast iron and

rattled. There was no mir r or , only a huge wash

stand with a bowl of water, f ilmed over with dust.

@! J ~ _ And then f ailur e set in. Looking back, Anna could

still not understand it, and jibbed, so painful was

the r emember ing, at tr ying to do so. She hadn't

known, when she got there, quite what she meant

to do, but there seemed, from the garden, to have

been so many things.

§]------- At f ir st, she had been filling a putative 'waiting

time' and later she could not think of anything

else to do. When she had visited all the cinemas,

and her money was r unning out, she packed her

suitcase, paid the landlady and spent her last

shillings on a ticket back to school.

§]-------------When she arr ived late at night, she was hustled

crossly into the sick-room, isolated and allowed to

speak to no one. In a day's time, Henr y appear ed

and told her she was to go and pack her trunk,

they wer e going home, now. Anna, who had spent

her period of isolation sitting on the bed and

looking out of the window, had not got up when he

came in; now she looked up at him and said,

'Why? When'm I coming back?'

'You ar en't,' Henry said. 'I've been asked to

remove you.'



She could have got a job. She could have sat,

alter natively, in the Minster, which was

oeautif ul, and have thought out what she

, anted. She could have worked all day and

itten the novel at night. But she had gone to: e pictures, afternoon and evening, sitting in

: e r ed warmth, in the cheapest seats,

sometimes seeing the whole progr amme

.hr ough twice.

In the evening she began walking from hotel to

hotel, hesitating at every f r ont door, afraid to

go in. She felt that inside, under bright lights.

por ters and receptionists would immediately

see that she was in some way a f raud. They

would know she was out without leave from

somewhere where she should have been shutup, and they would find out from her where it

was, and make telephone calls.

'I don't want to,' said Anna. She added,

unwillingly, exposing herself, 'It's not as though

it made any real difference to anyone whether I

was there or not.'

' Ah, I see,' said Oliver, as though she had

of fered him an impor tant conf idence. He

seemed to think that she had given him the

right to settle in; at least, he drew forward one

of Jeremy's boxes from the wall, dusted it, andsat on it, facing her.

She had been quite calm over all this at the

time, as though mesmerised by her daily

r outine, cold breakfast, cold ear ly lunch, the

cinema, supper , the cinema and cold bed, into

thinking not that this course of action was

inevitable, it was nothing as forceful as that,

but that all her actions had no weight and no

importance, that she was living in a vacuum,

and might as well do anyone thing as any

other . It had been a running down, an

unwinding, and when her mind was moving

slowly enough, she saw, in blinkers, no road

except this. So, with this cur ious calmness, she

went back.

She felt suddenly and f inally trapped - when

she pushed up the window with a great deal of

effort to look at the sky, she was confronted by

a blank wall and a dark window. Once up, the

window would not close again, and thedraught sucked directly across the bed. Anna

slept badly.

Anna saw them for a moment and then heard

them weaving back as they had COr!:..9,

between the tr ees, one behind the other . They

said something indistinguishable and then

Henr y's voice reached her for a moment,

'She'll grow out of it,' and then she heard the

creak of the gate into the garden. Grow out of

it, she thought. Of course I'll grow out of it. I'm

growing out of it n ow, that's what hurts. I'mgr owing out of everything, all the time, too

quickly.

Looking back at this time from the garden Anna

told herself that there was no reason to be

afraid, no reason at all, that she had behaved

extremely stupidly - and, nevertheless, she

shuddered, remembering the heavy street, and

the cold gas lamps, the sudden gr im and

oppressive northernness of the city that had

been by day so lightly poised, and carved, and

clean.

And they had br oken her mood, obtruding

things she was deliberately not thinking of, her

future and, worse, her abortive attempt to

escape, which she would have preferred to

for get altogether. She had left quietly one

Sunday morning whilst the other girls were

putting on their Sunday hats for church and

had taken the train north as far as the largest

city, which was York.



-------------------------------------

You ar e going to r ead par t of the intr oduction to a book of Welsh shor t stor ies. For questions 34-40, choose the

answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best accor ding to the text.

Mar k your ' answers on the separate answer sheet.

It was an American wit who listed one of man's greatest

virtues as the art of making the long story shor t, but he

was saying nothing about the short story, which has its

own necessary length, neither too long nor too short,

and is at its best when it presents a revealing insight

into a person in a par ticular situation. What interests me

most is being at the core of another life, seeing new

light thrown upon it through the mind and world of the

central character . It is a help if I am so involved at the

outset that my attention does not wander and that my

sympathies are immediately engaged, but ultimately, I

must know more at the end than I did at the beginning.

Now and again, let it also be stated, I can certainly do

with a smile.

These stories have been chosen to fulfil such requirements

where they can be met, but they are in addition, of a place

and a time. The place is Wales and the time is the twentieth

century, since the short story is a comparatively new arrival

here. They r eflect Wales, not always flatteringly, as it is and

has been. English writers, it has been said, are often

refugees from society, but almost all the stor ies in this

book written by Welsh men and women show a concern

for a par ticular landscape or community. It is as if Welsh

writers cannot escape this involvement, and often there is

also a sense of characters off stage, present but unseen at

the stor yteller 's elbow. Perhaps the reason for this

awareness of others is that so many of us have lived in

cr owded places, and, while it is not always healthy, it is a

part of the Welsh experience which is very different from

that of our neighbours.

I have not otherwise been able to define a specific

characteristic of the Welsh story which makes it

immediately identifiable, save for the nationality or place

of residence of the writer , but it should be pointed out that

some Welsh writers writing in English have faced

particular difficulties when they have felt the need to

emphasise their difference from English counterparts.Often this need has led to stereotyped patterns of speech,

the whimsicality of which often gives a false impression.

At the back of it, one suspects the seductive pressures of

those who like to see their Welshmen as clowns or

'characters', but it should also be said that many

Welshmen have woven myths about themselves and their

country with mischievous delight, and one doubts if they

needed much encouragement. Of course, this forced use

of language can be detected in other literatures, some of them colonialist, and it is perhaps the inevitable

consequence of the dominance of a distant metropolis.

Having said that, it is only fair to note that many of the

short stor y writers who write in English received their first

encouragement in England, and indeed some of them,

like Alun Lewis, represented here by an almost unknown

stor y of army life, are at their best away from home. In his

case, he was probably more searching as an observer

with a f oreign eye and his stor ies dealing with English lif e

were perhaps more acutely observed than those dealing

with his native South Wales. Ther e is an abundance of

riches from which the anthologist may choose and my

task has been made easier by the selections of other

editors whose choices I have tried not to duplicate wher e

possible.

I have said that these stories were chosen because they

please one reader and are of a place and time, but I

have also had a number of other consider ations in mind

and I have tried to represent all Welsh writers, including

those whose work belies the concept of Wales as a

homogeneous society, some who write in English and

others who write exclusively in Welsh and for whom

Welsh is the first language. All arguments about degrees

of Welshness I f ind to be fruitless; for me, the story is the

thing, although on re-reading so many stor ies in

preparing this volume, I could not help but detect the

security of so many writers in the Welsh language, which

has freed them from painful attempts to emphasise their

nationality, a str ain which affected the work of their

counterparts writing in English for a time. Ironically, this

freedom seems to be in danger of ending and, judging

by some of the stor ies made available in translation,

appears to have been replaced by the aim of political

conversion, to the detriment, in my view, of the

stor yteller 's ar t. However , the representation of writers in

the Welsh language, translated here, is varied enough to

warrant a f urther anthology comprised solely of stories

translated from the or iginal. It is my hope that the Walesof the past and the present is well repr esented in this

volume, together with the world of work and workmen in

some of our mor e ravaged terrains, an aspect which has

tended to be neglected in the past.



~ P a p e r 2 - W r i t i n g (2 hours)

1 You have read the extract below as part of a newspaper ar ticle about genetically modified food s. Reader s

were ask ed to send in their opinions. You decide to write a letter responding to the points raised and

expressing your own views.

Scientists ar e making hugEr advances in

food pr oduction. We have seen cloned

sheep, possibly soon we will have cloned

chickens and cows. Now, fr uit and

vegetables are the targets - scientists

can alter their genetic str ucture to make

them bigger or smaller , a darker colour

or a lighter colour and of cour se resistant

to disease. They claim that this will put an

end to world hunger , but is it saf e to

change our f ood in this way? Are we

putting our health in danger?



Paper 3 - Use of English (I hour 30 minutes)

For questions 1-15, r ead the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in

each s pace. Ther e is an example at the beginning (0). Wr ite your answer s on the separate answer sheet.

Example: ~I a _ s _

C HAN G IN G SE ASO N S

If we measur e th e s ea so ns , (0) 0.L in t he past t he y hav e (I) , by or dinar y

na t ur al events such as t he departure of migrat ing bird s or t he appearance of t he firs t f lower ,

(2) spring now begins in N o ve mb er a nd a utumn ends in December. (3) .

may seem an un likely situat ion to us , but in (4) fact , da ta s ho w s th at s pr ing no w

occurs t en to t hirty days earlier than i t did , while r ecent research bears (5) t ha t

autumn is arr iving (6) .

Trad it ional data on phenology - the study of t he timing of na t ur al events - goes (7) to

1736 in Br it ain. Taken (8) isolation , ph enological d at a m a y n ot mea n (9) ,

but the received wisd om f r om ecology is about inter co nnectedness. (10) , with

higher temperatures in winter , some species will br eed ear l ier and then find that their f ood source

has been dest royed ( I I ) wint er finally arrives. Com pe tit ion for wint er food wil l probably

increase too , as bi r d s s to p m igr ating south in winter, as ha s (12) happened in a

(13) o f cases.

( 14) it is often difficult to be cer t ain t hat seasonal t r en ds ar e progr essive and not cyclical , those involved in ana lys ing the informat ion see the f inger pr ints o f global warming

(15) t his blurring o f the seasons' edges.



----------------------------------

For questions 26-31, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Here is an

example (0).

~ g _ o o _ d _



her e have been complaints by residents living on the outskirts of the city of attacks by a

................. of stray dogs.

You should be a bit more suspicious! That story is obviously a of lies from start to

finish.



-----------------------------------

For questions 32-39, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the f ir st sentence, using

the wor d given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, includ ing the wor d

given. Her e is an example (0).

~1 C 1 _ r _ e _ s _ u l _ t _ o _ f _ m _ y _ p _ r o _ m _ o _ t _ io _ n _ _ ~

The failur e of to the crisis meant

negotiations collapsed.



-------------------------------------

For questions 40-44, read the following texts a bout 'danger ous s ports'. For questions 40-43, answer with a wor d

or shor t phrase. You d o not need to wr ite complete sentences. For q uestion 44, wr ite a summary according to

the instructions given.

Wr ite your answer s to questions 40-44 on the separate answer sheet.

Hang gliding and hang gliders have been por trayed by the media as a danger ous occupation whose

practitioner s have a death wish. Nothing is further f rom the tr uth. What is true is that you ar e taking f ar

greater risks dr iving to a flying site than in flying.

When flying a hang glider , pilots are more in control of their fate than at any other time that they are in

motion. Hang glider pilots' constant ref r ain is that they love life far more than the ear th-bound can even

start to appreciate, and they can state that they will not have an accident flying a hang glider with the

same certainty that they can say they will not break their necks walking down the stair s.

There are only five criteria that must be met if there is to be a safe flight, however . Having good

equipment is one, along with the following learned skills: the pilot can launch per fectly and can make

the glider go wher e he or she wants it to, the conditions are well within an envelope of safety (learned - line 10

with guidance and caution) and he or she can land safely. That's it. There is no mysticism, no magic,

just solid learned skills and the wisdom to fly in predictably safe, carefully contr olled conditions.

Good instruction, a lot of flying and wor k are the key ingredients in learning to f ly saf ely. A good

instructor is an active hang glider pilot. His or her rating is not as important as the ability to 'get inside

your head' and find the best words for the most complete understanding of what you are supposed to

do and why you are supposed to do it. A good instructor is a cost effective investment.

Finally, fear of heights and of falling is natural. Hang gliders fly and the pilot is in control. Falling is not

an issue and altitude is a friend. Paradoxically, the higher you go, the saf er it gets and should you makea mistake, you will have more time to correct it.

Bear in mind that today's hang glider has fantastic potential. There is one 400 foot site that r egular ly

allows pilots to reach cloud base and, not long ago, a pilot reached 12,000 f eet in New Yor k. In many

places, pilots fly with oxygen as altitude gains regular ly put them very high indeed. Hang glider s are

not toys, they are really neat, sophisticated aircraft.



_ ~<: ir ation for bungee jumping has its roots, so to speak, in the South Pacific village of Bunlap

_- :"",~~ecost Island. Legend has it that a village man named Tamalie treated his wife so badly that

- away and climbed a banyan tree, then tied liana vines to her ankles. When Tamalie climbed

~. er , she jumped and so did he, except that he wasn't attached to any vines. He died and she

d the men of Bunlap began to practice land diving so that if the situation ar ose again, they

e r eady. Eventually, the sport evolved into a ritual, from which women were excluded, meant

• e ur e a rich harvest of yams and later a rich harvest of tourists. Just before they launch line 7

--e s !ves, the men stand on 80 foot tall wooden platforms and make speeches complaining about

es. Then they swan dive onto a softened landing-area wher e their heads thump the dirt just

::.::. e car ef ully measured vines become taut.

:. f ar as anyone can tell, the high-tech evolution of the leash-diving concept was realised on April

= I's Day 1979 by the Oxford Dangerous Sports Club, a group of Br itish daredevils who clipped

- emselves to elastic bungee cords and stepped off the 245 foot high Clifton Br idge in Bristol, not

~ yams and not in memory of a fallen comrade, but f or pure excitement. The same men leapt off

.r . e Golden Gate Br idge and then, in 1980, jumped over Colorado's Royal Gor ge, one of them falling

a f eet on a 415 foot bungee cord and setting a r ecor d that was only to be br oken much later .

one of this is as deadly as it sounds. In all the years that they have been carrying on this custom,

not one of the land divers of Pentecost Island has ever been killed. Bungee jumping cannot claim

quite the same spotless record, but done with the right, experienced people, it too, is a lot safer than

i t looks.

44 In a paragraph of between 50 and 70 words, summar ise in your own words as far as possible, how

bungee jumping and hang gliding can be practised safely.

Write your summary on the separ ate answer sheet.




You will hear four d iffer ent extracts. For q uestions 1-8, choose the answer C A , B or C) which fits best according

to what you hear . There are two q uestions for each extr act.

Extract One I

1 What does the speaker say about the names of Indian restaurants?

A Most names are unique.

B There is a limited choice of traditional names.

C Confusion of names can easily occur.

2 How does the speaker feel about the food served at the two restaurants?

A It represents the full range of Indian cooking.

B Indian cuisine has been simplified.

C He thought it could have been cooked better.

Extract Two I

3 What conclusion about success does the book suggest?

A Talent is enough to secure a directing job.

B Most directors lack the necessary dedication.

C Directors run into diff iculties along the way.

4 It is implied that inexperienced directors are

A arrogant.

B dependent.

C creative.



I,;t Three I

-0 speaker values the turns in the road because they

make the journey enjoyable.

ar e full of interesting sur pr ises.

arr ant cautious dr iving.

oes the speaker compare the appearance of the tortoise to a privilege?

was unexpected.

3 was touching.

I was rare.

-n ecame a 'born again biker ' because

e wanted to tr avel to Africa.

8 . r eminded him of his youth.

is children thought he was going through a mid-lif e crisis.

e he enter ed Spain, he was sur pr ised that

car number plates had changed.

8 he had become tir ed of his motor cycle.

e was not stopped at the border .



------------------------------------

You will hear a rad io featur e where a woman talk s about how she copes with her migraine attacks. For questions

9-17, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

The two most usual kinds of migr aine ar e known as 1~ ~0 migraine.

__ ______ C §]

pr eceded by I Q I J .

The speaker f eels I~ ~ dur ing an attack and

has pr oblems expr essing her self clearly.

-------@].

It is an upsetting and I ~ exper ience.

A variety of things can I I~ a migraine.

Slump migr aine can occur when a source of anxiety is

I ~ .

The speaker 's attacks ar e less I ~ now than bef or e.



~ an inter view with Dr Timothy Cowey, a pr ominent paleontologist, who is d iscussing a f or thcoming

=:e::f::ii~?~q uestions 18-22, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which best fits what you hear .

- ::- 0 the f ollowing facts about the Gobi Deser t is false?

- e desert is located in Mongolia.

a y mines can be f ound there.

- ontains ar eas r ich in f ossils.-~is home to the Nemegat Basin.

- ar e 'The Flaming Clif f s' at their most beautiful?

ur ing the night.

3 I the light of the r ising sun.

nytime during the day.

~When they catch the setting sun.

r ding to Dr Cowey,

there are more dinosaur eggs to be found.

S ther e is nothing mor e to be learnt about bir ds.

C animals developed flight to sur vive.

~D f ossils show birds in f light.

2 e excavation

A is not r estricted to experts.

S is only f or pr of essionals.

C is the best in the world.

DIDD is diff icult to find.

ongor yn Els

A was the site of one pr evious excavation.

S is close to the sea.

C is a potentially valuable site.

D is of no particular interest.



------------------------------------

You will hear two com puter analysts talking about pro blems buying computer s. For q uestions 23.28, d ecid e

whether the o pinions ar e ex pressed by only one of the speakers, or whether the speaker s agree.

Write WM

or B

f or Wend yfor Mar k

for Both



r o c l i cT I

l o r t h e r e v i s e d

V is u o l M o te r i o l f o r t h e S p e o k i n g P u p e r



D I I l R L . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -~_a_k_i_ng _

======================o ===========: ; : : : : : ; : : : ; ================" ' " " " " ' -



m m rD I I~ : n g = = = = = ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



·Paper 5 - Speaking

.0



P r o fic ie n c y P r a c ti c e T e s ts i s a se t of s ix co m ple te pr ac 'ce

tests wr it ten in l ine w i th the specif ica tions f or the r evise

Cambr idge Proficiency examination ( in t roduction Dece m ber

2002). This set of tests, wr i t ten by an exper ience d EF L author .

prov ides comprehensiv e c ov er a g e o f th e ty pe of language

points and individual ski l ls focuses targeted in the exam ina '0

and , taken together , offers thorough pract ice i n the tasksconta ined in each of the five papers.

K e y f e a t u r e s o f S tu d e n t' s B o o k :• Six ful l prac tice tests for the revised CPE exam ination

• In tr oductory section provid ing a compr ehens iv e overv iew

of each of the five papers

practice tests for the revised cpe 2 student s book

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