practice questions (f & e)

Upload: pbiluan

Post on 10-Apr-2018

226 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/8/2019 Practice Questions (F & E)

    1/5

    Practice questions(fluid and electrolytes)

    1) A nurse is reading a physicians progress notes in the clients record and

    reads that the physician has documented insensible fluid loss of

    approximately 800 ml daily. The nurse understands that this type of fluid

    loss can occur through:

    1. the skin

    2. urinary output

    3. wound drainage

    4. the gastrointestinal tract

    2) A nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. On review of the clients

    medical records, the nurse determines that which client is at risk for deficient

    fluid volume?

    1. A client with a colostomy

    2. A client with congestive heart failure

    3. A client with decreased kidney function

    4. A client receiving frequent wound irrigations

    3) A nurse caring for a client who has been receiving intravenous diuretics

    suspects that the client is experiencing a deficient fluid volume. Which

    assessment finding would the nurse note in a client with this condition?

    1. Lung congestion

    2. Decreased hematocrit

    3. Increased blood pressure

    4. Decreased central venous pressure(CVP)

    4) A nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. On review of the clients

    medical records, the nurse determines that which client is at risk for excessfluid volume.

    1. The client taking diuretics

    2. The client with renal failure

    3. The client with an ileostomy

    4. The client who requires gastrointestinal suctioning

    5) The nurse is caring for a client with congestive heart failure. On assessment,

    the nurse notes that the client is dyspneic and that the crackles are audibleon auscultation. The nurse suspects excess fluid volume. What additional

  • 8/8/2019 Practice Questions (F & E)

    2/5

    signs would the nurse expect to note in this client if excess fluid volume is

    present?

    1. Weight loss

    2. Flat neck and hand veins

    3. An increase in blood pressure

    4. A decreased central venous pressure(CVP)

    6) A nurse is preparing to care for a client with a potassium deficit. The nurse

    reviews the clients record and determines that the client was at risk for

    developing the potassium deficit because the client:

    1. Has renal failure

    2. Requires nasogastric suction

    3. Has a history of addisons disease

    4. Is taking a potassium-sparing diuretic

    7) A nurse reviews a client electrolyte laboratory report and notes that the

    potassium level is 3.2 mEq/L. which of the following would the nurse note on

    the electrocardiogram as a result of the laboratory value?

    1. U waves

    2. Absent P waves

    3. Elevated T waves

    4. Elevated ST segment

    8) A nursing student needs to administer potassium chloride intravenously as

    prescribed to a client with hypokalemia. The nursing instructor determines

    that the student is unprepared for this procedure if the student states that

    which of the following is part of the plan for preparation and administration of

    the potassium?

    1. Obtaining a controlled IV infusion pump

    2. Monitoring urine output during admistration

    3. Diluting in appropriate amount of normal saline

    4. Preparing the medication for bolus administration

    9) A nurse instructs a client at risk for hypokalemia about the foods rich in

    potassium that should be included in the daily diet. The nurse determines

    that the client understands the food sources of potassium if the client states

    that the food item lowest in potassium is:

  • 8/8/2019 Practice Questions (F & E)

    3/5

    1. Apples

    2. Carrots

    3. Spinach

    4. Avocado

    10) A nurse caring for a group of clients reviews the electrolyte laboratory

    results and notes a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L on one clients laboratory

    report. The nurse understands that which client is at highest risk for the

    development of a potassium value at this level.

    1. The client with colitis

    2. The client with Cushings syndrome

    3. The client who has been overusing laxatives

    4. The client who has sustained a traumatic burn

    11) A nurse reviews the electrolyte results of an assigned client and notes that

    the potassium level is 5.4 mEq/L. which of the following would the nurse

    expect to note on the electrocardiogram as a result of the laboratory value?

    1. ST depression

    2. Inverted T wave

    3. Prominent U wave

    4. Tall peaked T waves

    12) A nurse caring for a group of clients reviews the electrolyte laboratory

    results and notes a sodium level of 130 mEq/L on one clients laboratory

    report. The nurse understands that which client is at highest risk for the

    development of a sodium value at this level?

    1. The client with renal failure

    2. The client who is taking diuretics

    3. The client with hyperaldosteronism

    4. The client who is taking corticosteroids

    13) A nurse is caring for a client with acute congestive heart failure who is

    receiving high doses of a diuretic. On assessment, the nurse notes that the

    client has flat neck veins, generalized muscle weakness, and diminished deep

    tendon reflexes. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. What additional signs

    would the nurse expect to note in this client if hyponatremia were present?

    1. Dry skin

  • 8/8/2019 Practice Questions (F & E)

    4/5

    2. Decreased urinary output

    3. Hyperactive bowel sounds

    4. Increased specific gravity of the urine

    14) A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube. Nasogastric tume

    irrigations are prescribed to be performed once every shift. The clients serum

    electrolyte results indicate a potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L and a sodium level

    of 132 mEq/L. based on these laboratory findings, the nurse selects which

    solution to use for the nasogastric tube irrigation?

    1. Tap water

    2. Sterile water

    3. Sodium chloride

    4. Distilled water

    15) A nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notes that a clients serum

    sodium level is 150 mEq/L. the nurse reports the serum sodium level to the

    physicianand the physician prescribes a dietary instructions based on the

    sodium level. Which food item does the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

    1. Peas

    2. Cauliflower

    3. Low-fat yogurt

    4. Processed oat cereals

    16) A nurse is reviewing a clients laboratory report and notes that the serum

    calcium level is 4.0 mg/dL. The nurse understands that which condition most

    likely caused this serum calcium level?

    1. Prolonged bed rest

    2. Renal insufficiency

    3. Hyperparathyroidism

    4. Excessive ingestion of Vitamin D

    17) A nurse is assessing a client with a suspected diagnosis of hypocalcemia.

    Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to note

    which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to note

    in the client?

    1. Twitching

    2. Negative Trousseaus sign

  • 8/8/2019 Practice Questions (F & E)

    5/5

    3. Hypoactive bowel sounds

    4. Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes

    18) A nurse caring for a client with hypocalcemia would expect to note which

    of the following changes on the electrocardiogram?

    1. Widened T wave

    2. Prominent U wave

    3. Prolonged QT interval

    4. Shortened ST segment

    19) A nurse caring for a client with severe malnutrition reviews the laboratory

    results and notes a magnesium level of 1.0 mg/dL. Which electrocardiogram

    change would the nurse expect to note based on the magnesium level?

    1. Prominent U waves

    2. Prolonged PR interval

    3. Depressed ST segment

    4. Widened QRS complexes

    20) A nurse reviews a clients laboratory report and notes that the clients

    serum phosphorus level is 2.0 mg/dL. Which condition most likely caused this

    serum phosphorus level?

    1. Alcoholism

    2. Renal insufficiency

    3. Hypoparathyrodism

    4. Tumor lysis syndrome