practicals manual xi bckz

8/19/2019 Practicals Manual XI BCKz

1/44

VERNIER CALLIPER PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 1

Aim:- Using Vernier Callipers determine the Volume ! " gien solid cylinder "nd capacity ! "

test tube$

Working Formula:-

Volumeof solid cylinder=π x r2 x L

Capacity of test tube=π x R2 x D

Observation:-

(i) Le"st %&nt ! ernier %"''i(ers ) L.C. ) ***** %m

(ii) +er Errr ) Z.$ ) ***** %m

!uantity ".#o. $.".%.

cm

V.".%.

&iv

F.'.L.C. V.".%.

cm

*.%.$.".%.+F.'.

cm

C.%.*.%. , Z..

cm

$ean

cm

E,tern"'

i"meter

! S'id

C.'inder

-. d )

.

/.

Length !

S'id

C.'inder

-. L )

.

/.

Intern"'

i"meter

! test t&/e

-. d1)

.

Prerpared by ARIF RAZA Page 1 of 44


2/44

VERNIER CALLIPER PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 1

/.

e(th !

test t&/e

-. )

.

/.

Calculation:-

Radiusof solid cylinder=r=d

2=

2= cm

Radiusof test tube= R=d

1

2=

2= cm

(i) Volume of solid cylinder=π x r2 x L=3.142 x ( )2 x ( )

¿ cm3

(ii) Capacity of test tube=π x R2 x D=3.142 x ()2 x ()

¿ cm3

%esult:-

(i) V'&me ! the gien s'id %.'inder ) %m0$

(ii) C"("%it. ! the gien test t&/e ) %m0$



3/44

SCRE 2UA2E PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 3



4/44


Aim:- Using $icrometer "cre0 gauge determine the Volume ! " gien sp1ere "nd cross

sectional area ! the gien 0ire$

Working Formula:-

Volume of sphere=43

x π x r3

Cross sectionalarea of wire=π x R2

Observation:-

(i) Le"st %&nt ! mi%rmeter s%re4 g"&ge ) L.C. ) 2.22- %m

(ii) +er Errr ) Z.$ ) %m

!uantity ".#o. $.".%.

cm

C.".%.

&iv

F.'.L.C. C.".%.

cm

*.%.$.".%.+F.'.

cm

C.%.*.%. , Z..

cm

$ean

cm

i"meter

! s(here

-. d )

.

/.

i"meter

! 4ire

-. )

.

/.

Calculation:-

Radiusof sphere=r =d

2=

2= cm

Radiusof wire= R= D

2=

2= cm

(i) Volume of sphere=

4

3 x π x r

3=4

3 x 3.142 x ()3= cm3

(ii)Cross sectionalarea of wire=π x R2=3.142 x ()2= c m2

%esult:-



5/44


(i) V'&me ! the gien s(here ) %m0$

(ii) Crss se%tin"' "re" ! the gien 4ire ) - %m3$



6/44

SPHER5METER PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 0

Aim:- Using "p1erometer3 determine the %adius o4 Curvature ! "p1erical "ur4ace "nd

*1ickness o4 5lass 'late$

Working Formula:-

Radiusof Curvature= R= a

2

6

h

+h

2

Thickness of Glass Plate=t =h2−h

1

Observation:-

(i) Le"st %&nt ! mi%rmeter S(hermeter ) L.C. ) 2.22- %m

(ii) Me"n dist"n%e /et4een

'egs ! S(hermeter

++¿3

=3=cm

¿a=a

1+a

2+a

3

3=¿

&istance bet0een Legs o4 "p1erometer

Calculation:-



7/44

SPHER5METER PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 0

Calculation:-

Thickness of Glass Plate=t =h2−h

1=−¿ cm

ei!ht of "pherical surface=h= #−h1=−¿ cm

R= a

2

6h+

h

2=

()2

6 x +

2= + ¿+¿ cm

%esult:-

(i) Thi%6ness ! gien 2'"ss P'"te ) %m$

(ii) R"di&s ! C&r"t&re ! gien S(heri%"' S&r!"%e ) %m$


!uantity ".#o. $.".%.

cm

C.".%.

&iv

F.'.L.C. C.".%.

cm

*.%.$.".%.+F.'.

cm

C.%.*.%. , Z..

cm

$ean

cm

7"se P'"te -. h1 )

.

/.

2'"ss P'"te -. h3 )

.

/.

S(heri%"'

S&r!"%e

-. A )

.

/.


8/44

VALUE 58 9g PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # ;

Aim:- (i) Using "imple 'endulum3 determine the value o4 6g7.

(ii) ith the simple pendulum< re%rd the time !r -2 oscillations t1ree times !r e"%h

! the !''4ing 'engths ! (end&'&m$

= >? %m = @? %m = ? %m = 1B? %m = 11? %m

And hen%e time period (*) !r eac1 lengt1 "nd t"6e its s8uare$

(iii) r"4 " grap1 bet0een L and *$ Se'e%t a suitable point 4rom t1e grap1 (#ot

plotted one)< !ind its %rdin"tes "nd hen%e %"'%&'"te the "'&e ! 9g "t "r"%hi

&sing !rm&'"D !=4 π 2

L

T 2

Working Formula:-

!=4 π 2 L

T 2

Observation:-

(i) Le"st %&nt ! st( 4"t%h ) 2.2- se%

(ii) i"meter ! // ) d ) *** %m

(iii) R"di&s ! // ) r ) *** %m

Lengt1 o4 "tring

and 9ook

l

cm

Lengt1 o4 'endulum

L

L l + r

cm

*ime 4or -2Oscillations

sec

$ean *ime

t

sec

*ime 'eriod

T = t

10

sec

*

sec

:;

-.

.

/.


9/44


5rap1:- 2r"(h /et4een L "nd T3F



10/44


Calculations:- 8rm 2r"(hF

L ) %mD T3 ) se%3

3.142¿2 x =4 x9.872 x=cm/se c2

!=4 π 2 L

T 2=4 x ¿

%esult:-

The "'&e ! 9g "t "r"%hi is %mGse%3



11/44




12/44

LAS 58 PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # ?

SIMPLE PENULUM

Aim:- (i) Veri!. the la0 o4 mass "nd la0 o4 amplitude r la0 o4 lengt1F /. &sing sim('e

(end&'&m ! 'ength =2 cm$

(ii) Nte d4n time !r -2 oscillations< t0o times !r 4ive di44erent amplitudes "nd

t1ree di44erent bobs$

(iii) P't " grap1 /et4een:-

a) Amplitude "nd *ime period O% b) $ass "nd *ime period$

(iv) rite d4n %n%'&sie res&'t$

Observations:- 8r L"4 ! M"ssF

".#o

.

$aterial

o4 >ob

$ass o4

>ob

m

gm

%adius

o4 >ob

r

cm

Lengt1

o4 "tring

and

9ook

l

cm

Lengt1 o4

'endulu

m

Ll + r

cm

*ime 4or -2

Oscillations

sec

$ean

*ime

t

sec

*ime

'eriod

T = t

10

sec

1$ =2 -.

.

3$ =2 -.

.

0$ =2 -.

.

Observations:- 8r L"4 ! Am('it&deF

i) R"di&s ! // ) r )cm

ii) Length ! string "nd H6 ) l )cm

iii) Length ! Pend&'&m ) L

) l r )90cm


".#o

.

Amplitude

?

cm

*ime 4or -2

Oscillations

sec

$ean

*ime

tsec

*ime

'eriod

T = t

10

sec

-. @ -.

.

. -.

.

/. < -.

.

@. -2 -.

.

;. - -.

.


13/44


SIMPLE PENULUM

Observations:- 8r L"4 ! LengthF

i) R"di&s ! // ) r )cm


".#o. Lengt1 o4

"tring and

9ook

l

cm

Lengt1 o4

'endulum

L l + r

cm

*ime 4or -2

Oscillations

sec

$ean

*ime

t

sec

*ime

'eriod

T = t

10

sec

√ L

cm-B

T

√ L

secBcm-B

-.


14/44


SIMPLE PENULUM



15/44


SIMPLE PENULUM

5rap1:- 2r"(h /et4een m "nd TF



16/44


SIMPLE PENULUM

5rap1:- 2r"(h /et4een X "nd TF

5rap1:- 2r"(h /et4een L "nd TFPrerpared by ARIF RAZA Page 16 of 44


17/44


SIMPLE PENULUM

%esults:-

(i) The grap1 /et4een time period "nd mass ! the // is " 1oriontal line< 4hi%h sh4s th"t

the time periodis independent o4

t1e mass ! the

//$

(ii) The grap1

/et4een time

period "nd

amplitude !

the // is "

1oriontal line<

4hi%h sh4sth"t the time

period is

independent o4

t1e amplitude

! the //$

(iii) The grap1 /et4een time period "nd lengt1 o4 t1e pendulum is " straig1t line< 4hi%h

sh4s th"t the time period is directly proportional to t1e lengt1 o4 t1e pendulum$

Aim:- (i) 8ind the %e4ractive inde o4 0ater /. &sing t0o di44erent concave mirrors h"ing

di!!erent !%"' 'engths "nd " pin.

(ii) r"4 " ray diagram$

(iii) T"6e "t least t1ree observations !r radius o4 curvature % -0it1out 0ater "nd

t1ree 0it1 0ater % 4or eac1 res(e%tie'.$

(iv) C"'%&'"te the re4ractive inde o4 0ater 4or bot1 %"ses &sing the !rm&'" $=

R1

R2

"nd

!ind their mean$

(v) rite d4n the res&'t$

Working Formula:-

$= R1 R2

Observations:- -st Concave $irror


".#o. %adius o4 Curvature o4

Concave $irror

(Wit1out Water)

cm

$ean %adius o4 Curvature

o4 Concave $irror

(Wit1out Water)

% -

cm

-.

.

/.


Concave $irror

(Wit1 Water)

cm


o4 Concave $irror

(Wit1 Water)

%

cm

-.

.

/.


18/44


SIMPLE PENULUM

nd Concave $irror

Calculations:-

For - st Concave $irror

1$ $

1=

R1

R2= =¿

For nd Concave $irror

3$ $

2=

R1

R2= =¿

Me"n Re!r"%tie inde, )

+¿2

=2

=¿

$= $

1+ $

2

2=¿

%ay &iagram:-


".#o. %adius o4 Curvature o4 Concave $irror

(Wit1out Water)

cm

$ean %adius o4 Curvatureo4 Concave $irror

(Wit1out Water)

% -

cm

-.

.

/.


Concave $irror

(Wit1 Water)

cm


o4 Concave $irror

(Wit1 Water)

%

cm

-.

.

/.


19/44


SIMPLE PENULUM

%esult:-

The re!r"%tie inde, ! 4"ter is $



20/44

LAS 58 PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT #

SIMPLE PENULUM

Aim:- (i) Veri!. the la0 o4 mass "nd la0 o4 amplitude r la0 o4 lengt1F /. &sing sim('e

(end&'&m ! 'ength =2 cm$

(iii) Nte d4n time !r -2 oscillations< t0o times !r 4ive di44erent amplitudes "nd

t1ree di44erent bobs$

(iv) P't " grap1 /et4een:-

b) Amplitude "nd *ime period O% b) $ass "nd *ime period$

(v) rite d4n %n%'&sie res&'t$

Observations:- 8r L"4 ! M"ssF

".#o

.

$aterial

o4 >ob

$ass o4

>ob

m

gm

%adius

o4 >ob

r

cm

Lengt1

o4 "tring

and

9ook

l

cm

Lengt1 o4

'endulu

m

Ll + r

cm

*ime 4or -2

Oscillations

sec

$ean

*ime

t

sec

*ime

'eriod

T = t

10

sec

;$ =2 -.

.

?$ =2 -.

.

$ =2 -.

.

Observations:- 8r L"4 ! Am('it&deF

i) R"di&s ! // ) r )cm

ii) Length ! string "nd H6 ) l )cm

iii) Length ! Pend&'&m ) L

) l r )90cm


".#o

.

Amplitude

cm

*ime 4or -2

Oscillations

sec

$ean

*ime

tsec

*ime

'eriod

T = t

10

sec

1$ @ -.

.

3$ -.

.

0$ < -.

.

;$ -2 -.

.

?$ - -.

.


21/44


SIMPLE PENULUM

Observations:- 8r L"4 ! LengthF

ii) R"di&s ! // ) r ) cm


".#o. Lengt1 o4

"tring and

9ook

l

cm

Lengt1 o4

'endulum

L l + r

cm

*ime 4or -2

Oscillations

sec

$ean

*ime

t

sec

*ime

'eriod

T = t

10

sec

√ L

cm-B

T

√ L

secBcm-B

.


22/44


SIMPLE PENULUM



23/44


SIMPLE PENULUM

5rap1:- 2r"(h /et4een m "nd TF



24/44


SIMPLE PENULUM

5rap1:- 2r"(h /et4een X "nd TF

5rap1:- 2r"(h /et4een L "nd TFPrerpared by ARIF RAZA Page 24 of 44


25/44


SIMPLE PENULUM

%esults:-

(iv) The grap1 /et4een time period "nd mass ! the // is " 1oriontal line< 4hi%h sh4s th"t

the time period is independent o4 t1e mass ! the //$

(v) The grap1 /et4een time period "nd amplitude ! the // is " 1oriontal line< 4hi%h sh4s

th"t the time period is independent o4 t1e amplitude ! the //$

(vi) The grap1 /et4een time period "nd lengt1 o4 t1e pendulum is " straig1t line< 4hi%h

sh4s th"t the time period is directly proportional to t1e lengt1 o4 t1e pendulum$



26/44


SIMPLE PENULUM



27/44

R ES5NANCE TU7E PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # >

Aim:- (i) T4 t&ning !r6s ! di44erent 4re8uency @


28/44

R ES5NANCE TU7E PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # >

(For velocity o4 sound at ero degree centigrade)

V 0=V t −61 x T = −61 x ()=()−()cm/sec=cm/ sec

%esult:-

-. Ve'%it. ! s&nd "t rm tem(er"t&re iscm/sec

D

. Ve'%it. ! s&nd Jer degree %entigr"de iscm/sec



29/44

C5NVEX LENS PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # @

Aim:- (i) 8ind &t the 4ocal lengt1 ! conve lens /. no paralla met1od &sing t4 (ins$

(ii) Nte d4n the approimate 4ocal lengt1$

(iii) Re%rd 4ive sets ! /ser"tins /. ('"%ing the obDect pin "t " dist"n%e:-

a) A0ay !rm 4 *0o /ser"tinsF

b) 8ual t 4 One /ser"tinF

c) >et0een 4 "nd 4 *0o /ser"tinsF

(iv) r"4 " ray diagram !r "n. ne (sitin$

(v) P't " grap1 /et4een 6p7 "nd 687$ Se'e%t " suitable point not plotted oneF< !ind its

%rdin"tes "nd calculate the 4ocal lengt1 ! the given conve lens &sing !rm&'"

f = p x '

p+' < 4here "'' 'etters st"nd !r their &s&"' me"ning$

(vi) rite d4n the res&'t 4ith s&it"/'e &nits$

Working Formula:-

f = p x '

p+'

Observations:-

A((r,im"te !%"' 'ength ) ! ) %m

3! ) %m

'osition o4 ObDect 'in

ObDect

&istance

6p7

cm

Emage

&istance

687

cm>eyond 4

(p 4)

-.

.

-.

.

On 4

(p 4)

/. /.

>et0een 4 and 4

(p G 4)

@.

;.

@.

;.

%ay &iagram:-



30/44




31/44


5rap1:- 2r"(h /et4een ( "nd KF



32/44


Calculations:- 8rm 2r"(hF

( ) %m "nd K ) %m

f =

p x '

p+' =

() x ()

()+() = =cm

%esult:-

The !%"' 'ength ! the gien %ne, 'ens iscm

$



33/44




34/44

2LASS SLA7 PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT #

Aim:- (i) etermine the re4ractive inde ! glass /. real "nd apparent dept1 methd &sing "

g'"ss s'"/$

(ii) T"6e t0o /ser"tins !r re"' "nd "(("rent de(th along the lengt1 "nd t4 "'ng

breadt1$

(iii) C"'%&'"te the re!r"%tie inde, ! g'"ss &sing the !rm&'" $=

Real depth

#pparent depth

(iv) rite d4n the res&'t$

Working Formula:-

$= Real depth

#pparent depth

%ay &iagram:- Nt reK&ired in E,"min"tinF

Along >readt1

Observations:-

&irection o4

Observation

".#o

.

%eal &ept1

6a7

cm

Apparent &ept1

6b7

cm

Along >readt1 -.

.

a1=¿

a2=¿

b1=¿

b2=¿

Along Lengt1 -.

.

a3=¿

a4=¿

b3=¿

b4=¿

Calculations:-

-. $

1=

a1

b1= =



35/44


. $

2=

a2

b2= =

/. $

2=

a2

b2= =

@. $

4=

a4

b4= =

+++¿4

=4

=

&ean $= $

1+ $

2+ $

3+ $

4

4=¿

$=

%esult:-

The re!r"%tie inde, ! the g'"ss is



36/44




37/44

2LASS PRISM PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 1B

Aim:- (i) etermine the re4ractive inde ! glass /. critical angle met1od methd &sing "

prism$

(ii) T"6e t1ree /ser"tins !r %riti%"' "ng'e (r(er'. indicating t1e direction o4 rays$

(iii) C"'%&'"te the re4ractive inde 4rom all observations &sing !rm&'" $=

1

sin∠C

"nd !ind their mean$(iv)rite d4n the res&'t$

Working Formula:-

$= 1

sin∠C

%ay &iagram:-

Observations:-

".#o. ∠ P(L=∠2C

degree

Critical Angle

C∠

∠C =∠ P(L

2

degree



38/44


-. ∠C 1=¿

. ∠C 2=¿

/. ∠C 3=¿

Calculations:-

1$ $

1=

1

sin∠C 1

= 1

sin()=

1=

3$ $

2=

1

sin∠C 2

= 1

sin()=1

=

0$ $3= 1

sin∠C 3

= 1

sin()=1

=

++¿3

=3

=

&ean $= $

1+ $

2+ $

3

3=¿

$=

%esult:-

The re!r"%tie inde, ! the g'"ss is



39/44




40/44

VECT5RS PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT # 11

Aim:- (i) Using 5ravesendHs "(("r"t&s< dr"4 the 4orce diagram once< !r:-

"F T4 similar 4eights ! ' "nd !D

/F T4 di44erent 4eights ! ' "nd !$

(ii) Re%rd the observation in tabular 4orm$

(iii) etermine the resultant ! the t4 gien e%trs !r%esF /. re%t"ng&'"r %m(nents

methd r /. the la0 o4 parallelogram methd &sing !rm&'"

R =√ P2+)2+2 P) cos*

(iv) rite d4n the res&'ts 4ith s&it"/'e &nits$

Working Formula:-

R =√ P2+)2+2 P) cos*

Force &iagram:- (For sample)

Observations:-

".#o "uspended

Weig1ts

gmI0t

Lengt1 o4

Vectors

cm

Angle

degree

$agnitude

o4

%esultant

cm

$agnitude

o4

%esultant

gmI0t

$agnitude

o4

%esultant

by

Formula

gmI0t

perimental

rror

gmI0t

P ⃗) | +́#| | +́ ∠ #+%=* | +́D| | R| | R| || R|−| R||

-. B B

. ;B B ;



41/44


Calculations:- (For 8ual Forces)

R =√ P2+)2+2 P) cos*=√ (60)2+(60)2+2(60)(60)cos()

R =√ 3600+3600+2 x3600 x=√ 7200+7200 x

7200+¿=√ = !m−wt

R =√ ¿

R = !m−wt

(For JnIe8ual Forces)

R =√ P2

+)2

+2 P) cos*=√ (40)2

+(60)2

+2(40)(60)cos()

R =√ 1600+3600+2 x2400 x=√ 5200+4800 x

5200+¿=√ = !m−wt

R =√ ¿

R = !m−wt

%esult:-

The %"'%&'"ted "'&e

R

(¿¿ )¿

! the res&'t"nt ! t4 !r%es /. the ("r"''e'gr"m '"4 ! !r%es "nd

its /sered "'&e

R

(¿¿ )¿

"re same 0it1in t1e limits o4 eperimental error$



42/44




43/44

VI7R52RAPH PHYSICS XI PRACTICAL MANUAL EXPERIMENT #

13

Aim:- (i) ith the he'( ! $eldeHs apparatus determine the 4re8uency ! A.C. supply$

(ii) Re%rd the /ser"tins !r 6n7 n&m/er ! '(s once !r 4ive di44erent 0eig1ts in

pan$

(iii) 8ind mean lengt1 ! " loop in eac1 %"se$

(iv) C"'%&'"te the 4re8uency !r 4ive di44erent 0eig1ts in pan &sing !rm&'"

f = 1

2 L √ &!

$ "nd hen%e 4ind their mean$

2ien %nst"nt $= !/cm

Working Formula:-

f = 1

2 L

√ &!

$

Observations:-

M"ss (er &nit 'ength ! string< $= !/cm

M"ss ! ("n ) m1 )!


".#o $ass in

'an

mgm

*otal

"uspended

mass

$ m- + m

gm

#o. o4

Loops

n

Lengt1 o4

n Loops

L

cm

Lengt1 o4

One Loop

L l /n

cm

$ean

Lengt1 o4

One Loop

L

cm

-.

M1 )

(i)

(ii)(iii)

L1 )

.

M3 )

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

L3 )

/.

M0 )

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

L0 )

@.

M; )

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

L; )

;.

M? )

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

L? )


44/44

practicals manual xi bckz

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