practical human factors & sign design
DESCRIPTION
Presentation on human factors and sign design given to the UK Sign Design Society in May 2012 by John Wood from CCD Design & ErgonomicsTRANSCRIPT
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Practical Human Factors & Sign Design
John Wood. Executive Chairman CCD Design & Ergonomics Ltd
Jon Burden, Industry Liaison Manager, Network Rail
King's Cross Station Redevelopment Programme
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Introduction
• Kings Cross – Signage and Wayfinding
• ‘Cable-cars’ project signage programme
• Modelling ‘wayfinding’
• International standards on colour coding
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The Kings Cross Project
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The Organizational Chart
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Original Grip Stage 3 Design
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Retail Redesign Grip Stage 5
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Work Diagram For Consultation
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Checking Human Factors
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Checking Human Factors
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Comparing Human Factors
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Departure Board
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Impact Of Revised Retail Layout
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‘Monolith’ Location & Signing
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Where The ‘Monolith’ Should Have Been
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Location Of Information Desk
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The ‘Link Bridge’ Challenge
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‘Vinyls’
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‘Departures’ Is Now ‘Arrivals’
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Temporary Station Signage
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Fire Escape + Impromptu Signing
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Temporary Signing By Train Operators
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Redundant Signing By Train Operating Company
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Lessons Learnt
• Make easily, replaceable signs
• Don’t change the design half way through!
• Decide on the signing standards to use early on
• Create some form of mock-up
• Visit another site ‘intelligently’
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Emirates Air Line (Cable Car for London)
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Typical Plan Layout of Signs For ‘Cable Cars’
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‘Cable Cars’ - Lessons Learnt
• Paper based ergonomic evaluation difficult to do.
• Attempting a 3D assessment in a 2D representation
• Need for simple quick and low cost modelling.
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Development of Wayfinding Tools: Objectives & Concepts
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Study Objectives
• Improve measurement of wayfinding performance
• Robust and reliable
• Easy to use
• Applicable to new works and modifications
• Difficulty of ‘putting oneself in visitors shoes’
• Develop metrics
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Survey Results On Wayfinding
Negative Features
Frustration
Confusion due to information overload
Confusion due to retail and directional infor
Lack of awareness of time and distance information
Poor terminology
Lack of recovery clues
Inadequate lighting/auditory environments
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Example Of Wayfinding Metrics
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Example Of Wayfinding Metrics
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Analysis Of Photographic Image
Class of sign Number in visual field
Area in photo (mm squared)
% of total
Primary 2 470 2%
Secondary 2 1270 6%
Other 4 630 3%
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Measure Of Visibility At Decision Points
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Scoring Visibility & Relevance of Signs
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Scoring Visibility & Relevance of Signs
Connection: Entrance to - Visibility Weighting Score
1 toilets 1 0.8 0.8
2 shops 1 0.5 0.5
3 check-in 0 1 0
4 security 1 1 1
5 café 1 0.3 0.3
AVERAGE 0.52
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Standard for Colour Coded Alerts
• Express the degree of safety or danger
• Be suitable for an international audience
• Cover all hazards, all locations, all sectors
• Transmission by variety of media
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Generic Meaning of Colours in Colour Codes
Colour Meaning Suggestion
Red Danger Take appropriate safety action immediately
Yellow Caution Prepare for taking appropriate safety action
Green Safety No need to take safety actions
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Results of International Survey
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Results of International Survey
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Fire Danger
Results of International Survey
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Results of International Survey
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Triage Tags
Results of International Survey
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Metrological Map
Results of International Survey
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The International Nuclear and
Radiological Event Scale
Results of International Survey
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Initial Proposals
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Current Proposals
NOTE: avoid using red and green without supplementary elements
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Some Useful Guidance
ISO Guide 71 to products and services to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities
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In Summary
• Illustrated how human factors contributed to the signage and wayfinding elements of two UK programmes
• Shown how metrics might be developed for measuring wayfinding performance
• Presented the work of an international standards team developing a set of universally acceptable colour codes for public warnings about disasters