Gender-Inclusion in Commercial Dairy Chains in the Global South

Silja K. Heyland

9th July 2014Supervisors: Angelica Senders and Jan Hoekstra

Agenda

Background Problem Definition Research Objective Research Question Methodology Results Conclusion Questions and Answers Recommendations

Dairy and Gender

Dairy production impact Dairy activities Effects on gender inequalities

‘The FAO assumes that gender equity would increase food production with 20 to 30 per cent’.

Problem Definition

A systematic overview of success factors in gender-sensitive dairy chain development in Africa, Latin

America and Asia, and business arguments that can motivate local business to invest in gender-sensitive

dairy chain development,are missing.

Research Objective

Attractive arguments for local business Interventions that contribute to successful gender-

inclusion

Research Question What are the key success factors of gender-inclusive interventions that enhance dairy value chain development from a business perspective in the global south?

How are commercial dairy chains organized at primary level?

How was gender included in gender-inclusive dairy chain development to improve business?

What is the concrete impact of gender-inclusive dairy chain upgrading activities in terms of both business performance and gender equality?

Methodology

Desk research Field research Gender - Sensitive Value Chain Mapping Gender and Value Chain Empowerment

Diamond

Methodology ()Gender - Sensitive Value Chain Mapping

Methodology (2)

Gender and Value Chain Empowerment Diamond

Methodology (3)

Project overviewProject: Lead

organization/business

Country:

1. Strengthening the Dairy Value Chain Project

CARE Bangladesh

Bangladesh

2. Kenya Dairy Sector Competitiveness Program

Land O’Lakes Kenya

3. East Africa Dairy Development Project

Heifer International

East Africa

4. Business Organisations and their Access to Markets

SNV Ethiopia Ethiopia

5. Small Scale Livestock and Livelihoods Program

Heifer International Malawi

Malawi

6. Dairy Value Chain Project UNFAO and NaWi Afghanistan

7. Recursos Naturales y Fomento de Competencias Empresariales

GIZ Nicaragua

8. Women Leadership Development Programme

Gokul Union India

India

Results

Value Chain Activities Improved milk quality and increased milk volume Employment in business support services Participation in meetings and trainings

Value Chain Governance Access to (market) information and knowledge Formalized chain activities Participation in business decision-making

Results (1)

Structure HH: Men appreciate women’s

activities HH: Women are allowed to travel Society: Women receive respect Society: More female leadership

positions

Agency Confidence and self-esteem Access to finance and loans Increase in income

Business Arguments

Business Argument: Project: 1. Women are active milk suppliers and their groups supply the same or more milk than men groups.

SDVCP, BOAM, EADD, KDSCP, WDCLP

- SDVCP and BOAM: Endline evaluation- EADD: Applying gender lens in producer

organization- KDVCP: Household survey- WDCLP: Measurements through self-help

groups

Business Arguments

Business Argument: Project: 2. Women (groups) strongly contribute to good milk quality and hygienic handling.

SDVCP, BOAM, SSLLP, MASRENACE, WDCLP

- SDVCP, BOAM, WDCLP: Quality-based payment system

- SDVCP, WDCLP, SSLLP: Introduction of lactometer and fat meter

- WDCLP: Measurement of temperature and bacterial testing

- MASRENACE: Establishing quality monitoring system

Business Arguments

Business Argument: Project: 3. Producer organization perform best with a female leader.

SDVCP, KDSCP, MASRENACE

- SDVCP: Measured performances of different gender compositions- KDSCP: Elected female cooperative leader- MASRENACE: Elected female cooperative union leader

Business Arguments

Business Argument: Project: 4. Addressing the right target group with interventions shows better results.

BOAM, EADD, KDSCP, DVCP, MASRENACE, WDCLP

BOAM: Processors need to address womenWDCLP: Loyal milk supplier, more hygienicAll: higher milk volumes and better milk quality

Business Arguments

Business Argument: Project: 5. Women participation/leadership positions increase the number of participants.

EADD, KDSCP, DVCP, WDCLP, BOAM

EADD and DVCP: big spill-over effectBOAM: Women in committeeKDSCP: Women attract other women to joinWDCLP: “If a women is in a leadership position naturally other women follow”

Success FactorsLeading to successful business: Project:1. Women need to see incentives to supply their milk to producer organizations.

EADD, KDSCP, MASRENACE

2. Customize times and places to the need of women to make sure that women participate.

BOAM, KDSCP, MASRENACE

3. Awareness campaigns increase collaboration between wives and husbands, which may affect decision-making and sharing incomes.

DVCP

Contributing to gender equity:4. Households’ gender relations may change when wives and husbands have joint visits or experience other ethnic groups with different gender relations.

WDCLP, KDSCP, (EADD)

5. Women may have a stronger position in the household and society when they own cattle.

SSLLAP

Conclusions1. Sharing benefits and joint decision-making is depending

on cultural habits at site level.2. Women do on average at least half of the dairy

activities (mentioned from all projects).3. Initial gender studies are important for each new

development project.4. Women need to have incentives to supply milk

otherwise they may side-sell milk to other markets.5. Collaboration between men and women is essential

when approaching new (formal) markets.6. Gender-inclusion increases food production (FAO),

they are effective and business attractive.

Questions and Answers

RecommendationsTo Development Organization:

1. Include gender-inclusive interventions from the beginning in all dairy chain projects.

2. Promote household cooperation by organizing dairy farmer excursions for dairy producer couples to other (national) sites in which gender-inclusion is practised.

3. Make female dairy producer visible.

Recommendations (1)To Agri-ProFocus:

1. Agri-ProFocus dairy network could organize regular webinars on gender-inclusion in dairy chain development.

2. Stimulate discussion on gender-inclusion in the dairy network.

3. Include gender events and new informationin the Agri-ProFocus newsletter.

Thank you for your attention! Contact:

Silja K. HeylandE-Mail: silja.k.heyland@web.de

Gender in Value Chains ning »

Nothing can stop an idea whose time has come. (Victor Hugo)

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