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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Presented by: Jennifer Scott
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Overview
MBTI OverviewMBTI DescriptionMBTI and the Big FiveReliability and Validity Limitations
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MBTI Overview
Developed by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers during WWII
Purpose: “…to make the theory of psychological types
described by C. G. Jung understandable and useful in people’s lives.”
Goals:The identification of basic preferences of each of
the four dichotomies specified or implicit in Jung’s theory.
The identification and description of the 16 distinctive personality types that result from the interactions among the preferences.
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MBTI Overview – Publications
First published with the name Briggs-Myers Type Indicator Handbook in 1944
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator in 1956
First MBTI manual in 1962
Latest edition published in 1998
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MBTI Overview – Forms
MBTI Step I Identifies the 4 preferences and personality typeStandard today is Form M with 93 forced choice
items Also Form G (previous standard) and Form F (used for
research)MBTI Step II
Step I preferences plus further expansions with 20 underlying facets
MBTI Step IIIdesigned to assess an individual's ability to effectively
use their perception and judgment
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The MBTI
4 Dimensions, each with two opposite preferences1. Energy: • Extroversion (E) or Introversion (I)
2. Attention: • Sensing (S) or Intuition (N)
3. Decisions: • Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)
4. Lifestyle: • Judging (J) or Perceiving (P)
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Extroversion (E) or Introversion (I)
Where do you put your attention and get your energy?
ExtroversionI like getting my energy from active involvement
in events and having a lot of different activities. I’m excited when I’m around people and I like to
energize other people. I often understand a problem better when I can
talk out loud about it and hear what others have to say.
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Extroversion (E) or Introversion (I)
IntroversionI like getting my energy from dealing with the
ideas, pictures, memories, and reactions that are inside my head, in my inner world.
I often prefer doing things alone or with one or two people I feel comfortable with.
I take time to reflect so that I have a clear idea of what I’ll be doing when I decide to act.
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Sensing (S) or Intuition (N)
Do you focus on the basic information you take in or do you prefer to interpret and add meaning?
Sensing Paying attention to physical reality, what I see, hear,
touch, taste, and smell. I’m concerned with what is actual, present, current,
and real. I notice facts and I remember details that are important to me
I like to see the practical use of things and learn best when I see how to use what I’m learning.
Experience speaks to me louder than words.
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Sensing (S) or Intuition (N)
IntuitionI prefer paying the most attention to impressions
or the meaning and patterns of the information I get.
I would rather learn by thinking a problem through than by hands-on experience.
I’m interested in new things and what might be possible, so that I think more about the future than the past.
I like to work with symbols or abstract theories, even if I don’t know how I will use them.
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Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)
Making decisions, do you first look at logic or look at the people and special circumstances?
ThinkingWhen I make a decision, I like to find the basic
truth or principle to be applied, regardless of the specific situation involved.
I like to analyze pros and cons, and then be consistent and logical in deciding.
I try to be impersonal, so I won’t let my personal wishes--or other people’s wishes--influence me.
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Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)
Feeling I believe I can make the best decisions by
weighing what people care about and the points-of-view of persons involved in a situation.
I am concerned with values and what is the best for the people involved.
I like to do whatever will establish or maintain harmony. In my relationships; I appear caring, warm, and tactful.
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Judging (J) or Perceiving (P)
How do you deal with the outside world – make decisions or stay open to information and options?
Judging I use my decision-making (Judging) preference
(whether it is Thinking or Feeling) in my outer life.
To others, I seem to prefer a planned or orderly way of life, like to have things settled and organized, feel more comfortable when decisions are made, and like to bring life under control as much as possible.
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Judging (J) or Perceiving (P)
PerceivingI use my perceiving function (whether it is
Sensing or Intuition) in my outer life. To others, I seem to prefer a flexible and
spontaneous way of life, and I like to understand and adapt to the world rather than organize it.
Others see me staying open to new experiences and information.
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Personality Types
Your preference in each category determines your personality type
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ EFNJ ENTJ
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Sample Type: INFP
For INFPs the dominant quality in their lives is a deep-felt caring and idealism about people. They experience this intense caring most often in their
relationships with others, but they may also experience it around ideas, projects, or any
involvement they see as important. INFPs are often skilled communicators, and they are
naturally drawn to ideas that embody a concern for human potential. INFPs live in the inner world of values and ideals, but what people often first encounter with the INFP in the outer world is
their adaptability and concern for possibilities.
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Personality Types in the Population
TOTALE
45-53%I
47-55%
S66-74%
N26-34%
T40-50%
F50-60%
J54-60%
P40-46%
TYPE BREAKDOWNISTJ
11-14%ISFJ
9-14%INFJ1-3%
INTJ2-4%
ISTP4-6%
ISFP5-9%
INFP4-5%
INTP3-5%
ESTP4-5%
ESFP4-9%
ENFP6-8%
ENTP2-5%
ESTJ8-12%
ESFJ9-13%
ENFJ2-5%
ENTJ2-5%
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MBTI Applications
Career CounselingTeachingGroup DynamicsTrainingMarketingPersonal DevelopmentExecutive Coaching
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MBTI and the Big Five
MBTI® DichotomyBig Five Factor E–I S–N T–F J–P
Extraversion -0.70 0.05 -0.03 0.16
Agreeableness -0.31 0.05 0.47 0.02Conscientiousness 0.15 -0.21 -0.04 -0.54
Openness -0.20 0.44 .040 0.17
Neuroticism 0.07 -0.11 0.03 0.06
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MBTI and the Big Five
The MBTI was developed before the Big Five
It contains a number of unscored, research items that could be used to measure the emotional stability scale of the NEO-PI
Possible to use the MBTI as a measure of the Big Five.
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Reliability – Internal Consistency
MBTI® DichotomyEmployment Status
Average Age E–I S–N T–F J–P
Employed full-time 39 0.92 0.89 0.90 0.91Employed part-time 25 0.90 0.86 0.88 0.90Full-time student 21 0.91 0.87 0.90 0.92
Retired 62 0.91 0.92 0.91 0.91Not working for income 35 0.92 0.88 0.90 0.91
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Reliability – Test-Retest
All interval
s≤3
weeks4 Weeks
- 6 months
6–12 months >1 year
Extraversion–Introversion (E–I)
0.73 0.77 0.72 0.7 0.76
Sensing–Intuition (S–N) 0.70 0.65 0.76 0.57 0.78
Thinking–Feeling (T–F) 0.72 0.81 0.67 0.74 0.73
Judging–Perceiving (J–P)
0.67 0.78 0.71 0.62 0.61
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MBTI Validity
Factor analysis Some studies show the four dimensions loading
onto four different factorsOthers show up to six factors
Convergent validityGenerally supported with other measures of
personality Big Five
E-I scale commonly has the strongest support
Much of the validity research has been done on Form G, the previous form
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MBTI Criticisms
Dichotomy of choices Jung’s theory was not tested empiricallyResearchers question whether there are 16
distinct personality typesLacks falsifiability, which can cause
conformation bias in interpreting resultsMost research is done by the publishing
company – may lack scrutiny