CLASSIFICATION

Why Classify?

Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similaritiesThey are trying to make sense of the millions of diverse organisms.Classifying organisms makes it easier for scientists to find answers to important questions….

Those questions are….

• How many known species are there?• What are the characteristics of each?• What are the relationships between these

species?

Two Scientists Are Famous For Classifying

AristotleClassified organisms into Kingdom Animalia and Kingdom Plantae

K. Amimalia K. Plantae

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Fly

Aristotle classified 2,000 years ago

Carolus Linnaeus

Classified organisms according to shared characteristicsHe classified during the 1700’sHe founded taxonomyTaxonomy is the science of identifying, classifying and naming biotic things.

Linnaeus classified according to shared characteristics

K. Animalia K. Plantae

Fly

FeathersFur

BirdsBats

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Carolus Linnaeus300 years ago

Modern ClassificationTaxonomy changed to include evolutionary relationships by using Skeletal, embryonic and DNA evidence.Each organism is arranged into seven levels.The levels in order are: Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, Genus and species.The Genus and species provides a name for the organism. The names are written in Latin.

The Genus and species words become the organism’s name.

Branching trees are used to identify evolutionary relationships between

organisms.

Dichotomous keys are used to identify unknown organisms

Go to page 207 in your book to see an example of a dichotomous key.These keys can also be set up like a branching tree.

Why do organisms need to have a two part name? Why is it written in

Latin or Greek?Scientists around the world who need to share information with other scientists. They have to know they are speaking about the same organism.Latin is used because it is a universal language.

The Six Kingdoms

K. Animalia- eukaryotes, heterotrophs,multicellular, have tissue and organ systemsK. Plantae- eukaryotes,autotrophs,multicellular,have tissue and organ systems

• K. Fungi- eukaryotes,unicellular and multicellular, heterotrophs, have tissue

The Six Kingdoms cont.

K. Protista- eukaryotes, unicellular and multicellular, heterotrophs and autotrophs, multicellular ones have tissue and organ systemsK. Archaebacteria- prokaryotes, unicellular, heterotrophs, they are extremophilesK. Eubacteria- prokaryotes, unicellular,heterotrophs and autotrophs

Can you match the organism with its kingdom?