Domain 3Organism

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Focus StandardsSB3. Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems.

a. Explain the cycling of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.b. Compare how structures and function vary between the six kingdoms (archaebacteria, eubacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals).c. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems.d. Compare and contrast viruses with living organisms.

Photosynthesis &

Cellular Respiration

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•Begins with the SUN•Photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight & chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2

Bi-Products of photosynthesis are Glucose and

Oxygen

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• Photosynthesis•Chemical reaction where green plants use water & carbon dioxide to store the sun’s energy in glucose and give of oxygen•ENERGY is stored in glucose•Glucose is stored as starch in plants

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION is the chemical reaction that

releases the energy in glucose.

6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

Bi-Products of cellular respiration are Carbon Dioxide, Water & ATP

Energy

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight & chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2

6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

Use the Bi-Products of photosynthesis Glucose and

Oxygen

To produce Carbon Dioxide, Water & ATP

Energy

ModernClassification

System &

The 6 Kingdoms

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What is Classification?

• Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities

• Classification is also known as taxonomy

• Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms

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Classification Groups• Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category

into which related organisms are placed

• There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific

• Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species

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Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups

DomainKingdom

Phylum (Division – used for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species

BROADEST TAXON

Most Specific

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• Dumb• King• Phillip• Came• Over• For• Grape• Soda!

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Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells

• Unicellular Organisms–Living Organism Made Up Of One Cell

• Multicellular Organisms–Living Organism Made Up Of Many, Specialized Cells

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• Broadest, most inclusive taxon• Three domains

• Archaea and Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles)

• Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Domains

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Domain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms

• Protista (protozoans, algae…)

• Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …)

• Plantae (multicellular plants)

• Animalia (multicellular animals)

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Cladogram• Diagram showing how organisms are related

based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales

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Primate Cladogram

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Dichotomous Keying• Used to identify organisms• Characteristics given in pairs• Read both characteristics and

either go to another set of characteristics OR identify the organism

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Viruses

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Are Viruses Living or Non-living?

• Viruses are both and neither• They have some properties of

life but not others• For example, viruses can be

killed, even crystallized like table salt

• However, they can’t maintain a constant internal state (homeostasis).

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What are Viruses?

• A virus is a non-cellular particle made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells.

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Characteristics

• Non living structures• Noncellular• Contain a protein coat called the

capsid• Have a nucleic acid core containing

DNA or RNA• Capable of reproducing only when

inside a HOST cell

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Characteristics

• Some viruses are enclosed in an protective envelope

• Some viruses may have spikes to help attach to the host cell

• Most viruses infect only SPECIFIC host cells

CAPSID

ENVELOPE

DNA

SPIKES

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Characteristics•Outside of host cells, viruses are inactive•Lack ribosomes and enzymes needed for metabolism•Use the raw materials and enzymes of the host cell to be able to reproduce

EBOLA VIRUS

HIV VIRUS

REMEMBER TO STUDY-STUDY-STUDY

AND GET A GOOD NIGHT’S REST!!!

GOOD LUCK