In-Brazil

IndonesiaThe United States of America

IndiaUnited Kingdom

Types of Forests

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According to the Brazilian National System of Conservation Units, National Forests are areas with forest cover of predominantly native species and has as its basic objective the multiple sustainable use of the forest resources and scientific research, with emphasis on methods of sustainable exploitation of native forests.

Categories of forests in Brazil The Brazilian forests are divided

into four categories and many sub categories.

The four major categories are:-I. Northern national forestII. Southern national forestIII. Northeast national forestIV. Southeast national forest

Northern National forest Amapa Amazon Southern National forest Acungui Cacador Northeast National forest Araripe Contendas of Sincora Southeast National forest Capao Bonito Ipanema

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Indonesia’s tropical forests are of global importance, covering over 98 million hectares (242,163,274 acre). Most of Indonesia’s forests are found in the Indonesian half of New Guinea, and on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. The forests of Indonesia represent 10% of the world’s remaining tropical forests. Indonesia’s forests are the second largest in the world after the forests of Brazil.

Indonesia is one of the five most species-rich countries in the world, with a high rate of endemic species.

Twelve percent of all mammal species, 16% of reptile and amphibian species, and 17% of bird species are found on the 17,000 islands that constitute Indonesia.

The forests of Indonesia, along with their thousands of plant and animal species, are being destroyed at an alarming rate due to massive illegal logging and clearing for palm oil plantations.

Degradation The rapid deterioration of tropical forests

is causing incalculable losses in terms of biodiversity and is pushing species such as the orangutan ever closer to extinction.

After Malaysia and the United States, Indonesia has the third highest number of threatened species with 772 species.

New programmes and initiates taken are considered to be a chance of recovery.

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The United States has 155 protected areas known as National Forests covering 188,293,938 acres (761,999 km2). The National Forests are managed by the U.S. Forest Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

In 1897, the Organic Act provided purposes for which forest reserves could be established, including to protect the forest, secure water supplies, and supply timber.

Alaska has the most National Forest land with 21.9 million acres (8.9 million ha), followed by California (20.8 million acres, 8.4 million ha) and Idaho (20.4 million acres, 8.3 million ha).

Forests in USA The land of USA support a number of

types of forests :- Allegheny Forest in Pennsylvania Angeles Forest In California Angelina Forest In Texas Apache- Sit greaves in Arizona, New

Mexico Apalachicola Forest In Florida Arapaho Forest In Colorado

In

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Over the last 20 years, India has reversed the deforestation trend.

Specialists of the United Nations report India's forest as well as woodland cover has increased. A 2010 study by the Food and Agriculture Organization ranks India amongst the 10 countries with the largest forest area coverage in the world (the other nine being Russian Federation, Brazil, Canada, United States of America, China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Australia, Indonesia and Sudan).

India is also one the top 10 countries with the largest primary forest coverage in the world, according to this study.

From 1990 to 2000, FAO finds India was the fifth largest gainer in forest coverage in the world; while from 2000 to 2010, FAO considers India as the third largest gainer in forest coverage.

Some 500,000 square kilometers, about 17 percent of India's land area, were regarded as Forest Area in the early 1990s. In FY 1987, however, actual forest cover was 640,000 square kilometers. Some claim, that because more than 50 percent of this land was barren or bush land, the area under productive forest was actually less than 350,000 square kilometers, or approximately 10 percent of the country's land area.

India's 0.6 percent average annual rate of deforestation for agricultural and non-lumbering land uses in the decade beginning in 1981 was one of the lowest in the world and on a par with Brazil.

Types of forest in India

India supports five types of forests:-

I. Tropical evergreen forestII. Tropical deciduous forestIII. Thorn forestIV. Montane forestV. Mangrove forest

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The United Kingdom is a good place to practice forestry, because the British Isles are ideal for tree growth, thanks to their mild winters, plentiful rainfall, fertile soil and hill-sheltered topography. Growth rates for broadleaved (hardwood) trees exceed those of mainland Europe, while conifer (softwood) growth rates are three times those of Sweden and five times those of Finland. In the absence of people, much of Great Britain would be covered with mature oaks, except for Scotland.

Britain's native tree flora comprises 32 species, of which 29 are broadleaves.

Britain's industry and populace uses at least 50 million tones of timber a year. Paper and paper products make up more than half the wood consumed in Britain by volume.UK set up the Independent Panel on Forestry led by Rt Rev James Jones, the Bishop of Liverpool. This body published its report in July 2012. Among other suggestions, it recommended that the forested portion of England should rise to 15% of the country's land area by 2060.

Types of forestry in UK

EssexEpping ForestWaltham Forest

DerbyshireDarwin Forest

NottinghamshireGreenwood ForestSherwood Forest

LondonEpping Forest

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