ppt of fiber-optics
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fiber Optics Technology
![Page 2: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction to Optical Fibers.
Fibers of glassUsually 120 micrometers in diameterUsed to carry signals in the form of light over distances up to 50 km.No repeaters needed.
![Page 3: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction (Cont…)
Core – thin glass center of the fiber where light travels.Cladding – outer optical material surrounding the coreBuffer Coating – plastic
coating that protects the fiber.
![Page 4: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Evolution of Fiber1880 – Alexander Graham Bell1930 – Patents on tubing1950 – Patent for two-layer glass wave-guide1960 – Laser first used as light source1965 – High loss of light discovered1970s – Refining of manufacturing process1980s – OF technology becomes backbone of long distance telephone networks in NA.
![Page 5: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Advantages of Optical Fiber
ThinnerLess ExpensiveHigher Carrying CapacityLess Signal Degradation& Digital SignalsLight SignalsNon-FlammableLight Weight
![Page 6: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Areas of Application
TelecommunicationsLocal Area NetworksCable TVCCTVOptical Fiber Sensors
![Page 7: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Type of Fibers
Optical fibers come in two types:Single-mode fibers – used to transmit one signal per fiber (used in telephone and cable TV). They have small cores(9 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from laser.Multi-mode fibers – used to transmit many signals per fiber (used in computer networks). They have larger cores(62.5 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from LED.
![Page 8: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
How Does Optical Fibre Transmit Light??
Total Internal Reflection.Fibre Optics Relay Systems has
-Transmitter-Optical Fibre-Optical Regenerator-Optical Receiver
![Page 9: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Total Internal Reflection in Fiber
![Page 10: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
How are Optical Fibre’s made??
Three Steps are Involved-Making a Preform Glass Cylinder-Drawing the Fibre’s from the preform-Testing the Fibre
![Page 11: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Testing of Optical Fiber
Tensile StrengthRefractive Index ProfileFiber GeometryInformation Carrying CapacityOperating temperature/humidity rangeAbility to conduct light under waterAttenuation
![Page 12: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Optical Fiber LayingMechanical Linking
Includes coupling of two connectors end to endOptical distribution frames allow cross connect fibers from by means of connection leads and optical connectorsSoldering:
• This operation is done with automatic soldering machine that ensures:
– Alignment of fiber’s core along the 3 axis– Visual display in real-time of the fibers soldering– Traction test after soldering (50 g to 500 g)
![Page 13: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Optical Fiber Laying (Cont…)
Blowing Used in laying optical cables in roadways.Cables can be blown in a tube high density Poly EthyleneOptical fiber is then blown in the tube using an air compressor which can propel it up to 2 kilometers away.
![Page 14: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Tools of TradeCleaning fluid and ragsBuffer tube cutterReagent-grade isopropyl alcoholCanned airTape (masking or scotch)Coating stripMicroscope or cleaver checkerSplicerConnector supplies
![Page 15: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Fiber Optics Test KitFeatures
Includes Smart FO Power Meter and Mini LED or laser sourceFO test lite software for data loggingTests all networks and cable plantsNew versions of Gigabit EthernetLow Cost
ApplicationsMeasure optical power or loss Trouble shooting networks
![Page 16: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Protecting FibersTougher than copper wiresDesigned in three concentric layersCore – Cladding – Buffer
Two basic buffer types• Tight buffer• Loose tubes
![Page 17: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Implementation of Different LANsIEEE 802.3
FOIRL• Fiber optic inter repeater link• Defines remote repeaters using fiber optics• Maximum length – 1000 meters between any
two repeaters.
![Page 18: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
IEEE 802.3 (Cont…)10BASEF• Star topology with hub in the center• Passive hub:
– Short cables – No cascading – Reliable
• Active hum:– Synchronous– May be cascaded– Do not count as one repeater– Any 10BASEF active hub must have at
least two FOIRL ports
![Page 19: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Token Ring
Advantages Long rangeImmunity to EMI/RFIReliabilitySecurity Suitability to outdoor applicationsSmall sizeCompatible with future bandwidth requirements and future LAN standards
![Page 20: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Token Ring (Cont…)
DisadvantagesRelatively expensive cable cost and installation costRequires specialist knowledge and test equipmentNo IEEE 802.5 standard published yetRelatively small installed base.
![Page 21: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
Stations are connected in a dual ringTransmission rate is 100 mbpsTotal ring length up to 100s of kms.
![Page 22: PPT of Fiber-Optics](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050701/54761621b4af9fcd0a8b5eb7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Conclusion
This concludes our study of Fiber Optics. We have looked at how they work and how they are made. We have examined the properties of fibers, and how fibers are joined together. Although this presentation does not cover all the aspects of optical fiber work it will have equipped you knowledge and skills essential to the fiber optic industry.