FLOORS

PRESENTED BY: Maruthish

FLOORING

Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or for the work of installing such a floor covering. Floor covering is a term to generically describe any finish material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Both terms are used interchangeably but floor covering refers more to loose-laid materials.

TYPES OF FLOORS

TIMBER FLOORS

COMPOSITE FLOORS

TIMBER FLOORSBASEMENT (OR) GROUND FLOOR OF TIMBER

SINGLE JOIST TIMBER FLOORS

DOUBLE JOIST TIMBER FLOORS

FRAMED (OR)TRIPLE JOIST TIMBER FLOORS

TIMBER FLOORS

BASEMENT (OR) GROUND FLOOR OF TIMBER THE SOIL BELOW THE

TIMBER IS COVERED WITH PLANE CONCRETE 1:2:4 OF THICKNES OF 100mm to 150mm.

Well seasoned timber is used IN COSTRUCTION OF SUCH FLOORS.

THE HOLLOW SPACE BETWEEN THE BOTTOM OF CONCRETE AND FLOOR LEVEL IS FILLED UP WITH SELECTED EARTH.

JOIST Joist spacing is commonly called joist centres as it is the distance between the centre of adjacent joists.The distance between the centres of joists is usually between 400mm and 600mm. This distance will usually depend upon:The loads imposed on the floor. The span of the joists. The cross sectional size of the joist. The strength and quality of the timber used for the joists. The type of decking material used to cover the joists.

JOIST SIZES The strength of a joist is directly

related to its cross sectional size. For example, consider

a joist with a cross sectional size of 50mm x 100mm. If the breadth of the joist is doubled

then the strength of the joist will be doubled. However, if the depth of the joist is doubled

then the strength will be quadrupled.

Therefore, a joist measuring 50mm x 200mm will be four times stronger than a joist

measuring 50mm x 100mm. For this reason, joists are placed so that the depth is greater than the breadth.

Distorted Joists

DISTORTED JOISTSAny joists which are not straight, should be positioned with the curved edge upwards.When this type of joist is subjected to any loading, it will tend to straighten. Any joists whichhave large edge knots should also be positioned with the knots on the upper edge.

SINGLE JOIST TIMBER FLOORS

All joists require supporting at their ends and, in case of ground floor joists, at intermediate

points along their length. The use of these intermediate supports reduces the clear span so

that joists of smaller section can be used.

For ground floor joists, the distance between these intermediate supports ranges from 1.5m

to 2.0m. Joists should have a minimum

bearing point of not less than 90mm at any position.

Bearing Point

DOUBLE JOIST TIMBER FLOORS

Bearing Point On Intermediate WallsIf the joists are to be jointed at intermediate walls, the joist ends must not project more than 100 Joist SupportsThere are a number of ways to support the ends of joists. They can be:• Built into brickwork.• Supported on wall plates.• Supported on joist hangers 75mm beyond the wall.

FRAMED (OR)TRIPLE JOIST TIMBER FLOORSJoists Supported On Sleeper WallsJoists can be supported on small walls which have gaps built into them to allow a free fl owof air under the joists. The walls are known as honeycomb or sleeper walls.The joists are supported and fi xed to wall plates attached to the top of the sleeper walls.

TYPES OF FLOORING MATERIALS

GRANOLITHIC

CERAMIC

mosaic MARBLE

GRANOLITHIC Granolithic screed, also known as granolithic paving and granolithic concrete, is a type of construction material composed of cement and fine aggregate such as granite or other hard-wearing rock.It is generally used as flooring, or as paving (such as for sidewalks). It has a similar appearance to concrete, and is used to provide a durable surface where texture and appearance are usually not important (such as outdoor pathways or factory floors). It is commonly laid as a screed. Screeds are a type of flooring laid on top of the structural element (like reinforced concrete) to provide a level surface on which the "wearing flooring" (the flooring which people see and walk on) is laid. A screed can also be laid bare, as it provides a long-lasting surface.

MOSAICMosaic is the art of creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It is a technique of decorative artor interior decoration. Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as tesserae; but some, especially floor mosaics, may also be made of small rounded pieces of stone, and called "pebble mosaics".

CERAMIC A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or may be amorphous (e.g., glass). Because most common ceramics are crystalline, the definition of ceramic is often restricted to inorganic crystalline materials, as opposed to the noncrystalline glasses, a distinction followed here.The earliest ceramics made by humans were pottery objects, including 27,000 year old figurines, made from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials, hardened in fire. Later ceramics were glazed and fired to create a colored, smooth surface. Ceramics now include domestic, industrial and building products and a wide range of ceramic art. In the 20th century, new ceramic materials were developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering for example, in semiconductors.

MARBLEMarble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. Geologists use the term "marble" to refer to metamorphosed limestone however, stonemasons use the term more broadly to encompass unmetamorphosed limestone. Marble is commonly used for sculpture and as a building material

MARBLEWhite marble has been prized for its use in sculptures since classical times. This preference has to do with its softness, which made it easier to carve, relative isotropy and homogeneity, and a relative resistance to shattering. Also, the low index of refraction of calcite allows light to penetrate several millimeters into the stone before being scattered out, resulting in the characteristic waxy look which gives "life" to marble sculptures of any kind, which is why many sculptors preferred and still prefer marble for sculpting.

TAJ MAHAL

Construction marble is a stone which is composed of calcite, dolomite or serpentine which is capable of taking a polish.More generally in construction, specifically the dimension stone trade, the term "marble" is used for any crystalline calcitic rock (and some non-calcitic rocks) useful as building stone. For example, Tennessee marble is really a dense granular fossiliferous gray to pink to maroon Ordovician limestone that geologists call the Holston Formation

FLOORINGFlooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or for the work of installing such a floor covering. Floor covering is a term to generically describe any finish material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Both terms are used interchangeably but floor covering refers more to loose-laid materials.Materials almost always classified as floor covering include carpet, area rugs, and resilient flooring such as linoleum or vinyl flooring. Materials commonly called flooring include wood flooring, cerami tile, stone, terrazzo, and various seamless chemical floor coatings.

INDUSTRIAL FLOORING

CONCRETE FLOORS

•Double flagstone floors•Filler joist floors

•Jack arch floors•RCC floors

•Hallow block and rib floors•Precast concrete floors

DOUBLE FLAGSTONES FLOORS

FILLER JOINT FLOORS

FILLER JOINT

JACK ARCH FLOORS

ARCHES

RCC FLOORS

HALLOW BLOCK AND RIB FLOORS

HALLOW BLOCK

PRECAST CONCRETE FLOORS

CONCRETE FLOORS

JAI HIND……

THANK YOU