ppp comenius educgermany
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The educational system of The educational system of GermanyGermany
General overviewGeneral overview
Primary education – GrundschulePrimary education – Grundschule
• from the age of 6• first compulsory school• transfer to secondary
schools after 4th grade»Specific requirements
• goals: preparation for secondary schools
»social education»basic knowledge»interests and abilities
Secondary education I – HauptschuleSecondary education I – Hauptschule
• Basic general education• Application for jobs • Focus on practical
experience → blue-collared jobs
• Activity-orientated• Transfer to schools for
further education possible• Bad reputation in society
Secondary education II - RealschuleSecondary education II - Realschule
• Medium general education• Basic knowledge in job oriented
subjects• Basis for a practical career• Transfer to further education
possible → after 6th grade: Gymnasium
→ FOS
→ even university degrees
• Degree: Mittlerer Schulabschluss (~ GCSE)
Secondary education III - GymnasiumSecondary education III - Gymnasium
• High general education• Wide range of subjects /
Courses:– Focus on language and arts
– Focus on science and technolgy
– Focus on social studies
• At least two languages obligatory
Secondary education III - GymnasiumSecondary education III - Gymnasium
• Point system → Marks• 12th year: Final exams → Abitur (~ A-levels)
required for access to university
• Course system→ Bavaria: Abolition
→ other states: Lks/Gks
• No central regulation of Abitur
- comprehensive school- three-tier system NOT throughout Germany
→ comprehensive school system e.g. in NRW
- Gesamtschulen:→ degrees according to level of course
→ pupils choose courses according to their skills
Secondary education IV - GesamtschuleSecondary education IV - Gesamtschule
• Either after or alongside apprenticeship
• Certificate of Intermediate Education possible
Secondary education V – vocational trainingSecondary education V – vocational training
• FOS– advanced technical college
entrance qualification– Courses: engineering, agricultural
economy, business, law, social studies, art
– also „normal“ Abitur
• BOS– almost similar to FOS– completion of an apprenticeship
Secondary education VI Secondary education VI
• Fachakademie– Preparation for a higher career
– State exam (≠ uni)
→ access to university of applied science
→ with honours: access to uni
– Requirements: mittlerer Schulabschluss + Completion of apprenticeship
• Fachschule– Meister ≠ master degree
– advanced technical college entrance qualification
– 2 years
Secondary education VII Secondary education VII
From cradle to secondary education
From cradle to secondary education
nursery school (1-3)
kindergarten (3-6)
elementary/primary school (7-10)
Nursery school
- education and care
- costs: 70-425 € / month, depending on place of residence and income
- political debate - historical background: care centers in GDR (all-day, no costs for
parents, being part of the collective > most children attended care centers)
- changes in society (more women working)
future: care centers for 750.000 small children by 2013
Kindergarten• legal right for each child to get a half-day
service in a kindergarten (children age 3 – when they start school)– some restrictions (e.g. parents not working)– there are also private kindergartens
• pre-school child programs
Primary/elementary school (1)
• compulsory schooling – homeschooling not allowed..
• all children who are 6 years old before Sep 30th start school in Sep > children born in Oct, Nov, Dec CAN start school
• BUT: if children not suitable for school yet, they go to kindergarten for one more year
Primary/elementary school (2)
• Subjects:
– German, maths, local geography and history– music, arts, physical education, handicrafts– religion/ethics – foreign languages (English: years 3 & 4)
Primary/elementary school (3)• Year 4: selection..
– Gymnasium: • 2,33 in maths/German/local geography and history + recommendation
letter OR • entry exam
– Realschule/Wirtschaftsschule: • 2,66 in maths/German/local geography and history + recommendation
letter OR • entry exam
– also possible: probation period
Mittelschule & Realschule
Mittelschule (former Hauptschule)
• school for people who will be trained in blue-collared jobs
• secondary modern school covering years 5 to 9/10 nine-year degree/certificate
• main objective: prepare students for their entry into the world of work
Mittelschule
• In Bavaria: possible transfer to Realschule or Gymnasium after 5th or 6th grade if grades are good enough
• In some states: Mittelschule & Realschule combined in Mittel- or Regelschule
Mittelschule – nine-year-degree/certificate (I)
The successful Mittelschul-degree
> after 9th grade> grade average 4,0 or better> not more than 3 E's (= 5,0; F counts as 2 E's)
Mittelschule – nine-year-degree/certificate (II)
The qualifying Mittelschul-degree
> after 9th grade; voluntary> grade average 3,0 or better> maths, German, English, economics & law...
Mittelschule – nine-year-degree/certificate (III)
GCSE/ten-year-degree via the M-Zug (same degree as intermediate school, but less prestigious/respected)
> M-Zug: starts in 7th grade; voluntary> degree after 10th grade> grade average in federal test 4,0 or better
after Mittelschule
start work → further education in the vocational training
school (Berufsausbildung & Berufsschule)
Intermediate school (Realschule)
• four years (grades 7-10)• six years (grades 5-10)
• Broad general education and vocationally-oriented education → students with vocational skills and interests who also show interest in theory
Intermediate school (Realschule)
• more vocationally-oriented than Gymnasium
• in Bavaria: possible transfer to Gymnasium after 6th or 10th grade
• Ten-year-degree/GCSE
Intermediate school – different directions of study (I)
Compulsory courses / electives group I
• Focus: maths, natural sciences, technical areas • Final exam: German, English, maths, physics
For students who want to work in a technical job
or continue their education at a technical secondary school (FOS – technical sector)
Intermediate school – different directions of study (II)
Compulsory courses / electives group II
Focus: economics Final exam: German, English, maths II, business studies
& accounting
For students who want to work in a in the public service industry, banks or insurance companies
or continue their education at a business secondary school
Intermediate school – different directions of study (IIIa)
Compulsory courses / electives group IIIa
• Focus: 2nd foreign language• Final exam: German, English, maths II, French
(Spanish, Italian...)
For students who want to work in the tourist industry, the public service industry, banks or insurance companies
or continue their education at Gymnasium
Intermediate school – different directions of study (IIIb)
• Compulsory courses / electives group IIIb
• Focus: arts, handicrafts, housekeeping or social studies
• Final exam: German, English, maths II, specialized course (see above)
For students who want to work in a in the social or manual-creative sector
or continue their education at a social/arts secondary school
after intermediate school• work (e.g. in the public service at secretarial and
executive level) → social/technical/economic/arts secondary school (BOS)
• further education at social/technical/economic/arts secondary school (FOS) → if successful: university of applied sciences (= Fachhochschule, FH)
Higher Secondary Vocational Schools/Berufliche
Oberschulen
Post-Secondary Non Tertiary Education
• requirements: acquisition of a general education qualification
• general aim: to prepare the students for their studies alternative to upper classes at Academic High Schools!
• Courses:– two-three-year courses at:
• Fachoberschule– beginning with 11th grade– no previous vocational education required
• Berufsoberschule– beginning with 12th grade– previous vocational education required
• Curricula: – Liberal education– Subject-specific theory– Practical education (in selected businesses)
• Subjects: – General subjects: German, English, math…– Specific faculties: technology, economics, social services,
agricultural economics, design
Strong focus on practical experience!
• Qualifications: – Two-year-courses:
• technical diploma admission to University of Applied Sciences
– Three-year-courses:• subject-linked university entrance qualification admission to university (to certain faculties only!)
• higher education entrance qualification (proof of sufficient competence in a second foreign language necessary!)
admission to university (to all faculties!)
The Gymnasium –The German grammar school
primary school → secondary school→ Mittelschulen (secondary modern school)Realschulen (intermediate school)orGymnasium (grammar school)
G9-system→
G8-system
Abitur aftergrade 13
Abitur aftergrade 12
Lower and upper secondary level
The subjects:
Introductory phase and qualification phase
LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND ARTSSOCIAL SCIENCES
MATHEMATICS, NATURAL SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY
University
Tertiary Education
Admission Requirements
A-level
Abitur/Allgemeine Hochschulreife
Financing
• tuition fees
• Bafög
• scholarships
Certification
• Bachelor
• Master
• Diploma
• Magister
• Staatsexamen
Teachers Training
• Bachelor/Master of Education
• 1. Staatsexamen
• Referendariat
• 2. Staatsexamen
Thank you for
your attention
Sources
• www.wikipedia.org• http://www.km.bayern.de/• http://www.meinbildungsweg.de/• http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/eurybase_de.php• http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/imperia/md/images/jrc/1007/bafoeg_i.jpg• http://www.trendsderzukunft.de/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/hoersaal_rwth_400q.jpg• http://steinbeis-fuer-telekom.de/typo3temp/pics/d608743204.jpg• http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vFd9MgSjCF8/TkJIfzeL0ZI/AAAAAAAACx0/h-2fFciIfzU/s1600/
Lehrer+Lmpel+ts.png