ppp comenius educgermany
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The educational system of The educational system of GermanyGermany
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General overviewGeneral overview
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Primary education – GrundschulePrimary education – Grundschule
• from the age of 6• first compulsory school• transfer to secondary
schools after 4th grade»Specific requirements
• goals: preparation for secondary schools
»social education»basic knowledge»interests and abilities
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Secondary education I – HauptschuleSecondary education I – Hauptschule
• Basic general education• Application for jobs • Focus on practical
experience → blue-collared jobs
• Activity-orientated• Transfer to schools for
further education possible• Bad reputation in society
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Secondary education II - RealschuleSecondary education II - Realschule
• Medium general education• Basic knowledge in job oriented
subjects• Basis for a practical career• Transfer to further education
possible → after 6th grade: Gymnasium
→ FOS
→ even university degrees
• Degree: Mittlerer Schulabschluss (~ GCSE)
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Secondary education III - GymnasiumSecondary education III - Gymnasium
• High general education• Wide range of subjects /
Courses:– Focus on language and arts
– Focus on science and technolgy
– Focus on social studies
• At least two languages obligatory
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Secondary education III - GymnasiumSecondary education III - Gymnasium
• Point system → Marks• 12th year: Final exams → Abitur (~ A-levels)
required for access to university
• Course system→ Bavaria: Abolition
→ other states: Lks/Gks
• No central regulation of Abitur
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- comprehensive school- three-tier system NOT throughout Germany
→ comprehensive school system e.g. in NRW
- Gesamtschulen:→ degrees according to level of course
→ pupils choose courses according to their skills
Secondary education IV - GesamtschuleSecondary education IV - Gesamtschule
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• Either after or alongside apprenticeship
• Certificate of Intermediate Education possible
Secondary education V – vocational trainingSecondary education V – vocational training
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• FOS– advanced technical college
entrance qualification– Courses: engineering, agricultural
economy, business, law, social studies, art
– also „normal“ Abitur
• BOS– almost similar to FOS– completion of an apprenticeship
Secondary education VI Secondary education VI
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• Fachakademie– Preparation for a higher career
– State exam (≠ uni)
→ access to university of applied science
→ with honours: access to uni
– Requirements: mittlerer Schulabschluss + Completion of apprenticeship
• Fachschule– Meister ≠ master degree
– advanced technical college entrance qualification
– 2 years
Secondary education VII Secondary education VII
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From cradle to secondary education
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From cradle to secondary education
nursery school (1-3)
kindergarten (3-6)
elementary/primary school (7-10)
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Nursery school
- education and care
- costs: 70-425 € / month, depending on place of residence and income
- political debate - historical background: care centers in GDR (all-day, no costs for
parents, being part of the collective > most children attended care centers)
- changes in society (more women working)
future: care centers for 750.000 small children by 2013
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Kindergarten• legal right for each child to get a half-day
service in a kindergarten (children age 3 – when they start school)– some restrictions (e.g. parents not working)– there are also private kindergartens
• pre-school child programs
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Primary/elementary school (1)
• compulsory schooling – homeschooling not allowed..
• all children who are 6 years old before Sep 30th start school in Sep > children born in Oct, Nov, Dec CAN start school
• BUT: if children not suitable for school yet, they go to kindergarten for one more year
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Primary/elementary school (2)
• Subjects:
– German, maths, local geography and history– music, arts, physical education, handicrafts– religion/ethics – foreign languages (English: years 3 & 4)
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Primary/elementary school (3)• Year 4: selection..
– Gymnasium: • 2,33 in maths/German/local geography and history + recommendation
letter OR • entry exam
– Realschule/Wirtschaftsschule: • 2,66 in maths/German/local geography and history + recommendation
letter OR • entry exam
– also possible: probation period
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Mittelschule & Realschule
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Mittelschule (former Hauptschule)
• school for people who will be trained in blue-collared jobs
• secondary modern school covering years 5 to 9/10 nine-year degree/certificate
• main objective: prepare students for their entry into the world of work
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Mittelschule
• In Bavaria: possible transfer to Realschule or Gymnasium after 5th or 6th grade if grades are good enough
• In some states: Mittelschule & Realschule combined in Mittel- or Regelschule
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Mittelschule – nine-year-degree/certificate (I)
The successful Mittelschul-degree
> after 9th grade> grade average 4,0 or better> not more than 3 E's (= 5,0; F counts as 2 E's)
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Mittelschule – nine-year-degree/certificate (II)
The qualifying Mittelschul-degree
> after 9th grade; voluntary> grade average 3,0 or better> maths, German, English, economics & law...
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Mittelschule – nine-year-degree/certificate (III)
GCSE/ten-year-degree via the M-Zug (same degree as intermediate school, but less prestigious/respected)
> M-Zug: starts in 7th grade; voluntary> degree after 10th grade> grade average in federal test 4,0 or better
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after Mittelschule
start work → further education in the vocational training
school (Berufsausbildung & Berufsschule)
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Intermediate school (Realschule)
• four years (grades 7-10)• six years (grades 5-10)
• Broad general education and vocationally-oriented education → students with vocational skills and interests who also show interest in theory
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Intermediate school (Realschule)
• more vocationally-oriented than Gymnasium
• in Bavaria: possible transfer to Gymnasium after 6th or 10th grade
• Ten-year-degree/GCSE
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Intermediate school – different directions of study (I)
Compulsory courses / electives group I
• Focus: maths, natural sciences, technical areas • Final exam: German, English, maths, physics
For students who want to work in a technical job
or continue their education at a technical secondary school (FOS – technical sector)
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Intermediate school – different directions of study (II)
Compulsory courses / electives group II
Focus: economics Final exam: German, English, maths II, business studies
& accounting
For students who want to work in a in the public service industry, banks or insurance companies
or continue their education at a business secondary school
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Intermediate school – different directions of study (IIIa)
Compulsory courses / electives group IIIa
• Focus: 2nd foreign language• Final exam: German, English, maths II, French
(Spanish, Italian...)
For students who want to work in the tourist industry, the public service industry, banks or insurance companies
or continue their education at Gymnasium
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Intermediate school – different directions of study (IIIb)
• Compulsory courses / electives group IIIb
• Focus: arts, handicrafts, housekeeping or social studies
• Final exam: German, English, maths II, specialized course (see above)
For students who want to work in a in the social or manual-creative sector
or continue their education at a social/arts secondary school
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after intermediate school• work (e.g. in the public service at secretarial and
executive level) → social/technical/economic/arts secondary school (BOS)
• further education at social/technical/economic/arts secondary school (FOS) → if successful: university of applied sciences (= Fachhochschule, FH)
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Higher Secondary Vocational Schools/Berufliche
Oberschulen
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Post-Secondary Non Tertiary Education
• requirements: acquisition of a general education qualification
• general aim: to prepare the students for their studies alternative to upper classes at Academic High Schools!
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• Courses:– two-three-year courses at:
• Fachoberschule– beginning with 11th grade– no previous vocational education required
• Berufsoberschule– beginning with 12th grade– previous vocational education required
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• Curricula: – Liberal education– Subject-specific theory– Practical education (in selected businesses)
• Subjects: – General subjects: German, English, math…– Specific faculties: technology, economics, social services,
agricultural economics, design
Strong focus on practical experience!
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• Qualifications: – Two-year-courses:
• technical diploma admission to University of Applied Sciences
– Three-year-courses:• subject-linked university entrance qualification admission to university (to certain faculties only!)
• higher education entrance qualification (proof of sufficient competence in a second foreign language necessary!)
admission to university (to all faculties!)
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The Gymnasium –The German grammar school
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primary school → secondary school→ Mittelschulen (secondary modern school)Realschulen (intermediate school)orGymnasium (grammar school)
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G9-system→
G8-system
Abitur aftergrade 13
Abitur aftergrade 12
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Lower and upper secondary level
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The subjects:
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Introductory phase and qualification phase
LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND ARTSSOCIAL SCIENCES
MATHEMATICS, NATURAL SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY
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University
Tertiary Education
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Admission Requirements
A-level
Abitur/Allgemeine Hochschulreife
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Financing
• tuition fees
• Bafög
• scholarships
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Certification
• Bachelor
• Master
• Diploma
• Magister
• Staatsexamen
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Teachers Training
• Bachelor/Master of Education
• 1. Staatsexamen
• Referendariat
• 2. Staatsexamen
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Thank you for
your attention
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Sources
• www.wikipedia.org• http://www.km.bayern.de/• http://www.meinbildungsweg.de/• http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/eurybase_de.php• http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/imperia/md/images/jrc/1007/bafoeg_i.jpg• http://www.trendsderzukunft.de/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/hoersaal_rwth_400q.jpg• http://steinbeis-fuer-telekom.de/typo3temp/pics/d608743204.jpg• http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vFd9MgSjCF8/TkJIfzeL0ZI/AAAAAAAACx0/h-2fFciIfzU/s1600/
Lehrer+Lmpel+ts.png