ppp basic pneumatic

8/3/2019 PPP Basic Pneumatic

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PHASE - 1BASIC PNEUMATICSASIC PNEUMATICS

PHASE - 2BASIC ELECTRO - PNEUMATICS

PHASE - 3MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY


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Festo - A Historical Perspective1925

Festo founded in Esslingen,Germany by Mr. GottliebStoll to manufacture Wood-working machines

1957

Festo Pneumatic Automationcomponents and systemsolutions (pneumatic and

electronics)1965

Festo Didactic Learningsystems for automation

Festo Headquarters in Esslingen Berkheim


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Festo - An Independent Family Enterprise

Festo Automation Group,internationallyrepresented in over 176countries.

56 independent Festocompanies with over250 branch offices

Turnover of 1.5 BillionEuro, 55% Export.

Over 11.500 employees.

Over 300,000 customersin 176 countries.

Vocational and furthertraining, 1.5% ofpersonnel budget.

Cylinder production and Customer Service Centrein St. Ingbert

A Globally Active Organisation


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Festo Didactic Didactic - A Greek

word. Means learning.

Promotes the use ofautomation in industryby educating users onthe applications anduse of standardavailable products.

Festo Didactic has itsown product range.

Festo Didactic presentin over 75 countriesworldwide.

100 employees.

In India Festo Didactic- The training divisionof Festo Controls Pvt.Ltd.

Festo Didactic Headquarters in Esslingen- Denkendorf,near Stuttgart


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Automation in IndustryChoice of Working Media :

Pneumatics.

Hydraulics.

Electricity & Electronics.Combinations of the above.

Combinations of technologies offer synergy.

Has the capability of expanding the scope ofapplications tremendously.


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Pneumatics is the name given to the branch ofphysics which deals with the properties,

motions and behavior ofair

Introduction to Pneumatics

PNEUMA : means breath in Greek


13/254

Energy medium selection criteria

Force exerted

Distance through which the force can beapplied


14/254

Automation in IndustryMedia Selection Criteria :

Speed of Operation. Reliability.

Service Life.

Sensitivity to Environment.

Ease of Maintenance.

Available Expertise.

Training Requirements.

Availability

Transportability

Storability

Explosion proof nature

Cleanliness

Overload safety


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Compressed Air The 2nd Largest Energy SourceOriginates From The AtmosphereUsed in Every Industry


16/254

Types of CompressorsReciprocating Piston Compressor.

Up to 6 bar in single stage or 15 bar intwo stage.

Sliding Vane Compressor.

Same construction as an air motor.

Screw Compressor.

Up to 10 bar.

High capacity.

Radial Flow Compressor.

Automobile applications.

Up to 10 bar with multi stage.

Axial Flow Compressor.

Aircraft & Automobile applications.

Up to 10 bar.


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Pneumatics Festo Didactic

Compressed air supply: Piston compressor


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Pressure Gauge

Pressure Relief Valve(Safety Valve)

Shut Off Valve

Inspection Panel

Water Drain

From Compressor

To SystemSafe Working PressureTest PressureIdentification


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AIRBORNECONTAMINATION

DIRTOIL

WATER


22/254

Atmospheric Air Contains 140 Million Dirt Particles in Every m3

Unburnt Hydrocarbons (oil)

All Going Into the Air System !


23/254

80%

Of This Contamination isBelow

2 MicronThe smallest size we can see with our eye is

45 microns !!!!


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WATER CONDENSATE

1 Cubic metre of Atmospheric Air at 100% RHcontains 17.32 gms of water vapour at 20oC


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ResultDirty Contaminated Air In the system

Causing Pipework Contamination &

DamageBlocking Valves and Machinery

PROBLEMs


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Water content in the air


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Water content in the air


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DRYERS:Refrigeration typeAdsorption typeMembrane type

FILTERS:Pre-filtersService units (FRC)Fine & micro filtersCarbon filters

The aim of proper compressed air preparation is toremovecontamination & moisture

The air generated from compressor should routethrough various filters & dryers to attain required

quality class

Air Preparation


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Requirement of Air PreparationWater Separation.

Water causes corrosion.

Washes away lubrication.

Filtration.

Dust is responsible for abrasion.

Reduces the effectiveness of lubricants.

Pressure Regulation.

Constant pressure is required for uniform performance ofpneumatic components.

Lubrication.

Lubrication is required to replace lubricant lost due to effects ofdust and water over prolonged periods.

Reduces internal friction in components.


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Cyclone FilterWater and particle isthrown to bowl viacentrifugal force.Air is up to 90% clean.

Sintered or surface Filter

5um or 40 umWork in series with acyclone filter. Contaminantslarger than the pore sizewill be trapped.

Fine or micro Filter1 um or 0.01 umLiquid impinge on thefibres forming larger

droplets (coalescing effect)and collected by the foammaterial shell.

Active carbon FilterAdsorb oil fumes andodours up to 0.003mg/m.Recommend to install0.01ummicro filter in series.

12

34

Filters are not Dryer


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Dry air outlet

Flux

Moist air inlet

Condensate

Condensate drain

Air drying: Absorption


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Air drying, low temperature

Heat exchangerAir out

Air in

Refrigerating unit

Separator

Refrigerant

Refrigerating machine


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Air drying: Adsorption

Moist air

Oil filter

Hot air Heater

Dry air

Adsorber2

Adsorber1

Shut-off valve


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Compressor

Air reservoir

Supply taken from top of ring main

Condensatecollector tank

1-2% gradient

Intermediate reservoir

Reservoir within a pneumatic system

Service unit

Compressed air supply: Delivery

Consumingdevices


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Compressed air filter

Inlet Outlet

Water Trap

Drain

Filter Element Baffles


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Filter pore sizes available 40m, 15m, 5m

Fine filter 1m

Micro filter 0.01m

Active carbon filter 0.003m


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Air supply: Pressure regulatorwith vent

Valve Body

Inlet Outlet

Vent

Spring and

Adjusting screw

Pressure operation


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6 Bar


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6 Bar


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6 Bar


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6 Bar


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4 Bar

6 Bar


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6 Bar


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6 Bar


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6 Bar


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6 Bar


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6 Bar


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4 Bar

6 Bar


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4 Bar



6 Bar


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6 Bar

4.5 Bar


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6 Bar

4.5 Bar


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4 Bar

6 Bar


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Used to set the pressure on the system downstream

Venting type also acts as pressure relief or limiting valve

Should be set to the pressure that is just sufficient to do the job(too high a setting

costs money)

Not to be adjusted to change speed or used as a shut off valve


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Air lubricator


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Air lubricator


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Air lubricator

Used to introduce droplets of oil in to the air flow. (Mostpneumatic equipment runs on oil free air)

Used for high or low speed applications

Once lubrication has been started, it must be continued

Adjustments should be made whilst checking the effect on the valve furthest from the lubricator.


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Service Unit - IncludesFilterPressure RegulatorLubricator


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Filter

Pressure Regulator

Lubricator


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Service Unit

Symbols for Power Supply Elements


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Symbols for Power Supply Elements


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ISO Air Quality Classes

ISO:8573-1 The New Standard

Covers The Removal of

Dirt Particulate

Water

Oil

ISO Specification Chart


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Class Particulate

Micron

Dewpointo

C

Max Oil Content

mg/m3

1 0,1 -70 0,01

2 1 -40 0,13 5 -20 1

4 15 +3 5

5 40 +7 256 --- +10 ----

7


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DEWPOINT The temperature below

which condensation willoccur.


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How Does it Work ?

You require Air Quality to:-

ISO 8573 : 1

Quality Class 1. 3. 2.



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Class ParticulateMicron

Dew ointDe rees C

Max Oil Contentmg/m3

1 0,1 -70 0,01

2 1 -40 0,13 5 -20 1

4 15 +3 5

5 40 +7 256 --- +10 ----

7

Quality Class 1. 3. 2.

From The Chart You Can See


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From The Chart You Can See

You Need

Particulate Removal - 1

0.1 micron

Dewpoint requirement - 3 -20

oC

Max Remaining Oil Content - 2

0.1 mg/m3


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Advantages of

Compressed Air


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Transport Air can be easily transported in

pipelines, even over large distances


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StorageA compressor need not be in

continuous operation.

Compressed air can be stored in a reservoirand removed as required.

The reservoir can be transportable.


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TemperatureCompressed air is relatively

insensitive to temperature

fluctuations.

This ensures reliable operation,

even under extreme conditions.


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Explosion ProofThere is minimal risk of

explosion or fire.

No expensive protection against

explosion is required.


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CleanlinessUnlubricated exhaust air is clean.

Any unlubricated air does not

cause contamination.

Useful in food, wood and textile

industries.


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ComponentsOperating components are of simple

construction and therefore relatively

inexpensive.


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SpeedCompressed air is a very fast

working medium.

High working speeds can be

obtained.


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AdjustableWith compressed air components

speeds and forces are infinitelyvariable.


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Overload safePneumatic tools and operating

components can be loaded to the

point of stopping and thereforeoverload safe.


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Disadvantages ofcompressed air


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PreparationCompressed air requires good

preparation.

Dirt and condensate should not

be present.


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CompressibleIt is not always possible to achieve

uniform and constant piston speeds

with compressed air.


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Force requirementCompressed air is economical only up

to a certain force requirement.

At 6-7 bar, and dependent on the

travel and speed, the output

limit is between 20000 and

30000 Newtons.


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Noise levelThe exhaust air is loud.

The problem is largely solved

with silencers.


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CostsCompressed air is a relatively

expensive means of conveying

power.

The high energy costs are

partially compensated by

inexpensive components and

higher performance.

Compressed Air as a


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Working MediumAdvantages: Air is available everywhere

Compressed air is easily conveyed in pipelines over largedistances

Compressed air need not be returned

Compressed air is insensitive to temperature fluctuations

Compressed air is explosion proof

Compressed air is clean

Compressed air is fast Compressed Air as a


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Working MediumDisadvantages: Straight line movement can be produced directly.

Compressed air is a relatively expensive means ofconveying energy

Compressed air requires good conditioning

It is only economical up to a certain forceexpenditure.

Air is compressible. Exhaust air is loud (reduced byusing silencers).

The oil mist mixed with air for lubricating purposesexhaust or escapes to the atmosphere


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PRESSURE is set to provide the FORCE using the formula.

Pressure = Force (load on cylinder)

Piston area

Usually 10% is added on to account for frictional resistance.


88/254

Cylinder is selected to give :-

Length of stroke

Force

Using the formula Force = Pressure x Area of Piston

Force Calculations


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Cylinder Force Calculations [171] :

Force is proportionate to . . . .

Air Pressure.

Area of the piston.

Effective force is reduced due to internal friction.

Force produced by a double acting cylinder in

either direction is always more than that of asingle acting cylinder of the same dimensions.


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Air Distribution Considerations :Flow Rate.

Distance of transmission.

Permissible pressure loss.

Minimum operating pressure.

Number of air take off points.

Air Leakage and its Effects


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Typical Sources of Air Leakage :

Metal pipe joints and flanges. Connectors & fittings.

Cracked tubes.

Loosened components.

Defective gaskets or O rings.Effects of Air Leakages : Increased power consumption of compressor.

Drop of pressure in long pipelines. Hence drop inperformance of equipment.

Pressure fluctuations.

Additional costs incurred to counter its effects.

Drawing Functional Block Diagrams


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FC

5/2 Way

QE

LS1 Timer

LS1 LS2

PB LS2

Block diagrams are more

easily understood by alayman. No knowledge of

symbols is necessary.

They are faster and easierto draw.

Corrections are also easierto make.

A block diagram can be

easily converted into acircuit diagram.

Individual blocks in adiagram may represent asingle item, or multipleitems, performing a certain

function.

Correct Method of Drawing Circuits


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Energy supply


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gy y Compressor with fixed capacity

Air receiver and T junction

Air service equipment


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Air filter

Air lubricator

Pressure regulator



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Air service unit

filter

Regulator

Gauge Lubricator

Simplified air Service unit

Port Numbering and Lettering System


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Number Letter

1 P Reserved for Pressure Source.

3, 5 (R)S, R Reserved for exhaust ports.

2, 4 (A)B, A Reserved for working ports.

10 Y Port 1 closed.

12 Y, Z Port 1 connects to port 2.

14 Z Port 1 connects to port 4.

As a general rule Odd numbers are at thebottom and Even numbers on the top.


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Method of

Return

Spring

Method of

Operation

Push

Button

(Number of Boxes)

2Number of Control positions

Number of Ports 3

Valve Description


100/254

Method of

Return

Spring

Method of

Operation

Push

Button

(Number of Boxes)

2Number of Controlpositions

Number of Ports 3

Normally closed

or Normally open

Flow path blocked

when valve is at rest

Flow path open when

valve is at rest

Normally

Closed

Valve Description


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3 / 2 way valve

Push Button operated

Spring ReturnNormally closed

Valve Description


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103/254

PortsControl PositionsOperated

Neutral Position

53

Double PilotSpring CentredClosed(Closed centre)


104/254

PortsControl Positions

Operated

42

Double Pilot


105/254


OperatedReturn

Normally

32

RollerSpring

Open


106/254


Operated

Neutral Position

33

Lever / DetentClosed(Closed centre)


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OperatedReturn

22

LeverSpring

Closedormally


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OperatedReturn

52

Foot PedalSpring


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Operated

52

Differential Pilot

14 12

Priority to port 14


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OperatedReturn

Normally

32

Roller with idle returnSpring

Closed


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1

2

Pilot Operated Non Return Valve

21


112/254

Check valve

Spring loaded check valve

Shuttle valve: or function

Non Return Valve

Non Return Valve


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Two pressure valve: AND function

Quick exhaust valve


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Flow control valve adjustable

One-way flow control valve

Flow Control valve

Pressure Valve


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Adjustable pressure regulating valve,

non-relieving type

Adjustable pressure regulating valve,

relieving type (overloads are vented)

Pressure Valve

Auxiliary symbols


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y y

Exhaust port

Exhaust port with threaded

connection

Silencer

Line connection

Auxiliary symbols


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y y

Crossing lines (not connected)

Pressure gauge

Visual indicator

Structure of pneumatic control


118/254

Elements in a Pneumatic System


119/254

Hierarchy of Elements

Flow Control ValveQuick Exhaust Valve

Direction Control Valve[Power Valve]

Service UnitPressure Regulator

Main Air Supply

Flow Control ValveQuick Exhaust Valve

High Pressure,High FlowRate Zone> 4 Bar

Low Pressure,Low FlowRate Zone< 4 Bar

PneumaticActuation

PneumaticActuation

Low Pressure,Low FlowRate Zone< 4 Bar

Direction Control ValvesPressure Sequence ValvesPneumatic TimersDual Pressure [AND] ValvesShuttle [OR] ValvesLimit SwitchesPush Buttons

Direction Control ValvesPressure Sequence ValvesPneumatic TimersDual Pressure [AND] ValvesShuttle [OR] ValvesLimit SwitchesPush Buttons


120/254

ActuatorsAn actuator is an output device for theconversion of supply energy into usefulwork. They can be described Into twogroups.

Linear Motion

Single Acting Cylinders

Double Acting Cylinders

Rotary Motion Air Motor

Rotary Actuator

Linear Actuator


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Single acting cylinder

Double acting cylinder

Double acting cylinder with

double ended piston rod

Rodless cylinder

Linear Actuator


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Double-acting cylinder with non-

adjustable cushioning in one direction

Double-acting cylinder with single

adjustable cushioning

Double-acting cylinder with adjustable

cushioning at both ends

Rotary Actuators


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Air motor, rotation in one

direction, fixed capacity

Air motor, rotation in one

direction, variable capacity

Air motor, rotation in both

directions, variable capacity

Rotary actuator, limited travel,

rotation in both directions

Actuators Operation


124/254

p

An Actuator Can be Controlled by the

Following Methods:

Pneumatic Hydraulic

Electrical


125/254

Linear motion

Single Acting Cylinders

Double Acting Cylinders


126/254

Rotary motion Rotary actuators - single and double

acting

Pneumatic motor - continuous motion

Single acting cylinders


127/254

.



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.



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.



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.



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g g y



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g g y



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g g y



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g g y

Double acting cylinders


135/254

g y



136/254

g y



137/254

g y



138/254

g y

Piston Rod

ConnectionsBase end Rod end

Seals

Bearing

Double rod double actingcylinders


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cylinders

Rodless cylinder Magneticallycoupled


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coupled

Rodless cylinder - magneticallycoupled


141/254

coupled

Cylinder Barrel

End Caps

with cushioning

adjustment

Piston assembly

MagnetsBearings Seals

Cushioning

Pistons

Magnets, Bearings, Seals, Cushioning Pistons

Yoke assembly

MagnetsBearingsWipers

Magnets, Bearings, Wipers


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Rodless cylinder magneticallycoupled


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coupled



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coupled



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coupled

Rodless cylinder mechanicallycoupled


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coupled

Rodless cylinder mechanicallycoupled


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coupled

Double acting cylinders withcushioning


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cushioning



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cushioning



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cushioning



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cushioning



152/254

cushioning

Direct & Indirect Cylinder Actuation


153/254

Problem


154/254

35

4 2

1

14

To produce a circuit that will operate

the cylinder from either of the 2 push

buttons.

?

Problem


155/254

35

4 2

1

14



buttons.

Problem


156/254

35

4 2

1

14Shuttle Valve



buttons.

Textbook page 207


157/254

Speed Control

What factors will affect Load on Cylinder

Size of Cylinder


158/254

the speed of movement of

the cylinder?

Load on Cylinder

Valve size

Pipe size

Pipe Length

Spring ForceExhaust Air

Flow Rate

If we want to be able to

adjust the speed of the

cylinder, which of these

variables do we control

or adjust?

Pressure

Basic Principles of Flow ControlSome important points about flow control :


159/254

Some important points about flow control :

The speed of a cylinder depends upon the rate offlow of air entering or leaving the cylinder.

Slowing down the rate of flow of air entering orleaving a cylinder, slows down cylinder speed.

Air that is entering the cylinder is known as Supplyair, or Inlet air.

Air that is leaving a cylinder is known asExhaustair.


160/254

Internal Construction of Valves


161/254

Internal Construction of Valves Throttles air flow in only

one direction No control


162/254

one direction. No controlof air flow in reversedirection.

Reduces the speed ofthe cylinder in only onedirection. Hence two

valves are required tocontrol cylinder speed inboth directions.

The ball and arrow in the

symbol shows directionof throttling.

Offers better flexibility inspeed control. D94

F d M i

Basic Principles of Flow Control


163/254

Forward Motion

Air Pressure

1

2

3

Forward speed in a SingleActing Cylinder can becontrolled by throttling . . .

Inlet (Supply) airentering

the cylinder.

Inlet

(Supply)Air

Basic Principles of Flow Control

R M i


164/254

Reverse speed in a SingleActing Cylinder can becontrolled by throttling . . .

Exhaust airleaving the

cylinder.

Exhaust

Air

Air Pressure

1

2

3

Reverse Motion

Basic Principles of Flow ControlControlling speed inboth directions with Air entering the cylinder is throttled, whileair leaving the cylinder flows at full speed.


165/254

1

4 2

Inlet Flow Control(meter IN) Forward speed of the cylinder is controlled

by the valve on the rear side of the cylinder.

Reverse speed is controlled by the valve onthe front side of the cylinder.

Produces very jerky movement when usedwith a constant load. The load moves onlyafter sufficient pressure is built up insidethe cylinder. The delay in cylindermovement may be very substantial withlarge loads.

Generally used only in certain clampingapplications where theclamping force mustbe increased gradually.

Basic Principles of Flow Control Air leaving the cylinder is throttled, while air

entering the cylinder flows at full speed

Controlling speed in

both directions with


166/254

entering the cylinder flows at full speed.

Forward speed of the cylinder is controlledby the valve on the front side of the cylinder.

Reverse speed is controlled by the valve onthe rear side of the cylinder.

Cylinder moves more smoothly as pressureinside the cylinder builds up quickly andremains constant throughout.

Better suited to applications where there is aconstant load on the cylinder. Most

commonly used and preferred method offlow control.

1

4 2

Exhaust Flow Control(meter OUT)


167/254

Flow Control Valve

Adjustable


168/254

Flow Control Valve

Adjustable


169/254

One way flow control valve

Flow control

needle.

Adjusting screw

Non return valve

Restricted flow Unrestricted flow

Locknut


170/254


Restricted flow


171/254


172/254


Unrestricted flow


173/254

35

4 2

1

Controlling the flow of air in to a

double acting cylinder can result in

erratic jerky movement.


174/254

35

4 2

1

To overcome this ? The flow control valve is used tocontrol the air pushed out of the

cylinder


175/254

35

4 2

1

The flow control valve is used to

control the air pushed out of the

cylinder

Result:-

Smoother movement More

consistent control Control of

tractive loads

Flow control valves can be positioned


176/254

In - line

Exhaust Port on control

valve

In to the Cylinder port


177/254

Valve Construction

n erna ons ruc on o a ves(Poppet valve)


178/254

Ports are open & close by sealing elements such as Ball,Disc,etc... Actuation force is against the energy flow.Hence, higher actuating force is required. Simple,Cheaper, In-sensitive to dust Reset by compressed air is not possible only spring reset D43

n erna ons ruc on o a ves pooValve)


179/254

Ports are open & close by sealing elements such as Spool or SlideActuation force is lateral to energy flow.Hence, less actuating force is required.Complex, Costly, Sensitive to dustReset by compressed air is possible

Poppet Valves

3


180/254

Good sealing

Good tolerance to dirt

Spool Valves

High flow rates

Low operating forces

1

2

3

2

1

2Valve Construction


181/254

1 3

Supply 1

Outlet 2

Exhaust 3

Return

Spring

Spool

3 / 2 way valve, slide (spool)

2Valve Construction


182/254

1 3

1

2

3


2Valve Construction


183/254

1

2

3

1 3


2Valve Construction


184/254

1

2

3


1 3

2Valve Construction


185/254

1

2

3


1 3


186/254

Directional Control Valve


187/254

4/2 Way

Directional Control Valve

14 12

4 2
http://../Program%20Files/didactic/fl_sim_p/shw/4_2valve.shw


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12 5

4

1

2

3 14

35

1

14 12

4 2


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12 5

4

1

2

3 14

35

1

14 12

4 2


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12 5

4

1

2

3 14

35

1

14 12

4 2


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12 5

4

1

2

3 14

35

1

14 12

4 2


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12 5

4

1

2

3 14

35

1


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14

35

12

4 2

1

Double pilot valve - Bi-stable valve Signal in to pilot

port switches valve. Remove signal - valve stays in

position

14

35

4 2

1

Single pilot valve - Mono stable valve Signal in to

pilot port switches valve. Remove signal - valve re-sets.


194/254

5/2 way

Double pilot valves
http://ep211%20front.ppt/


195/254

Multi position Valves


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35

4 2

15/3 Directional Control Valve.

Closed centre position

14 12


197/254

Closed centre

Working Lines vented

Working lines pressurised

14 12

14 12

14 12


198/254

Logic Valves

Problem



199/254

35

4 2

1

14


the cylinder from either of the 2 pushbuttons.

?

Problem



200/254

35

4 2

1

14



Problem



201/254

35

4 2

1

14Shuttle Valve



Textbook page 207

A 2


202/254

The Shuttle Valve X Y

12 14

Input toX ORYgives output at A

Also referred to as the OR valve and sometimes represented by the symbol -

1Textbook page 207

A A


203/254

X Y

X Y

Single unit


204/254

Multiple valve

3 units in one

A 2


205/254

The 2 Pressure Valve X Y

12 14

Input toXANDYgives output at A

Also referred to as the AND valve and sometimes represented by the symbol -

&

AUnder what


206/254

X Y

conditions will aircome out through

port A

AUnder what


207/254

X Y


port A

AUnder what


208/254

X Y


port A

AUnder what


209/254

X Y


port A

AX

A

YUnder what


210/254

X Y


port A

Two Pressure Valve

AND Valve


211/254

35

4 2

1

14

X

A

Y


212/254

35

4 2

1

14

X

A

Y


213/254

X

A

Y

35

4 2

1

14

How can we achieve the

AND condition without

using the 2 Pressure valve?


214/254

35

4 2

1

14


How can we achieve the

AND condition without



215/254

35

4 2

1

14


2 valves in series


216/254

Single Unit

Multi-Block

3 valves in one

Summary


217/254

Where 2 or more signals need to be combined such thatEITHER gives an output - Shuttle Valve

OR Valve

Where 2 or more signals need to be combined

such that THEY ALL have to be in place to give

an output - 2 Pressure Valve

AND Valve

&

Series connection

1

A

PR

A


218/254

Quick exhaust valve

P

R

Textbook page 209

A

PR

A


219/254

Quick exhaust valve

P

R

Textbook page 209

A

PR

A


220/254

Quick exhaust valve

P

R

Textbook page 209

A

PR

A


221/254

Quick exhaust valve

P

R

Textbook page 209

A

PR

A


222/254

Quick exhaust valve

P

R

Textbook page 209

A

PR

A


223/254

Quick exhaust valve

P

R

Textbook page 209

A

PR

A


224/254

Quick exhaust valve

P

R

Textbook page 209

A

PR

A


225/254

Quick exhaust valve

P

R

Textbook page 209

A

PR

A


226/254

Quick exhaust valve

P

R

Textbook page 209

PR


227/254

Quick exhaust valve

To achieve maximum speed the

exhaust air must be directed to


228/254

35

4 2

1


atmosphere via the shortest route.

To do this we use ?

The Quick exhaust valve




229/254

35

4 2

1



To do this we use ?





230/254

35

4 2

1



To do this we use ?





231/254

35

4 2

1



To do this we use ?



232/254

35

4 2

1


233/254

35

4 2

1


234/254

35

4 2

1


235/254

35

4 2

1


236/254

35

4 2

1


237/254

35

4 2

1


238/254

Timer Valves

122

Pilot Operation


239/254

3

2

1

12

1 3

Flow Control

Non Return

Reservoir

3/2 way valve

Normally Closed

SpringReturn

Time Delay ValvePage 219 in textbook

122


240/254

3

2

1

12

1 3

0 0 : 0 0


122


241/254

3

2

1

12

1 3

0 0 : 0 00 0 : 0 1


122


242/254

3

2

1

12

1 3

0 0 : 0 00 0 : 0 2


122


243/254

3

2

1

12

1 3

0 0 : 0 00 0 : 0 3


122


244/254

3

2

1

12

1 3

0 0 : 0 00 0 : 0 4


122


245/254

3

2

1

12

1 3

0 0 : 0 00 0 : 0 5


122


246/254

3

2

1

12

1 3

0 0 : 0 00 0 : 0 5


122


247/254

3

2

1

12

1 3

0 0 : 0 0


122


248/254

3

2

1

12

1 3

0 0 : 0 0


0 0 : 0 02

Normally Closed Timer

Time delay valve

I 12

0 0 : 0 1

0 0 : 0 2

0 0 : 0 3

0 0 : 0 4

0 0 : 0 5


249/254

12

1 3

Input to port 12

Range of adjustment is dependant on reservoir size. Additional

capacity of 10cc gives increase of 5 second adjustment

Time delay (adjustable)

Output from port 2

Vent port 12

Valve resets

Normally Closed Timer

Time delay valve2

Normally Open Timer

Output from port 2


250/254

12

1 3

Input to port 10


Output from port 2 is shut off

Vent port 10

Valve resets

10

Output from port 2

2

Normally Open Timer

An alternative use for this is made by

i i i diff t


251/254

10

1 3

piping up in a different way

2

Normally Open Timer

An alternative use for this is made by

i i i diff t


252/254

10

1 3

Input to port 10 and port 1

Output from port 2

Output from port 2 is shut off

Vent port 10

Valve resets

piping up in a different way


One Shot Valve

Summary

Normally closed timer or Time

D l V l

2

12


253/254

Delay Valve

2

10

1 3

Normally open timer

1 3


254/254

2

10

1 3

Normally open timer

Piped as a One Shot Valve to

overcome trapped or continuous

signals.

ppp basic pneumatic

Documents