pp chapter 1 matter
TRANSCRIPT
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Chemistry and Matter
Chemistry- The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and changes they undergo.
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Chemistry and Matter
Chemistry- The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and changes they undergo.
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Chemistry and Matter
Chemistry- The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and changes they undergo.
Chemical – any substance that has a definite composition (in terms of atoms that compose it)
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Chemistry and Matter
Chemistry- The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and changes they undergo.
Chemical – any substance that has a definite composition (in terms of atoms that compose it)
BranchesBranches
Organic Inorganic
Analytical Biochemical
Physical Nuclear
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Chemistry and Matter
Chemistry- The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and changes they undergo.
Chemical – any substance that has a definite composition (in terms of atoms that compose it)
BranchesBranches
Organic Inorganic
Analytical Biochemical
Physical Nuclear
Scientific RolesScientific Roles
Basic Research
Applied Research
Technological Application
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
What is it???Logical, systematic approach to solve a problem
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
What is it???Logical, systematic approach to solve a problem
Four Steps:
1. Observe - collect data (qualitative – description /
quantitative – numerical)
2. Hypothesize – proposed explanation that is
testable
3. Test/Experiment – is the hypothesis correct?
4. Theorize – generalization that explains fact
or phenomenon
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Weight vs. Mass Are they the Same?
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Weight vs. Mass Are they the Same?
Weight Mass
By definition they are different…
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Weight vs. Mass Are they the Same?Weight – measure of the earth’s gravitational attraction for matter
Mass – measure of the quantity of “matter”
Weight Mass
By definition they are different…
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Weight vs. Mass Are they the Same?Weight – measure of the earth’s gravitational attraction for matter
Mass – measure of the quantity of “matter”
Weight Mass
By definition they are different…How would your weight change on the moon?
On a mountain top? On the Sea floor?
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Weight vs. Mass Are they the Same?Weight – measure of the earth’s gravitational attraction for matter
Mass – measure of the quantity of “matter”
Weight Mass
By definition they are different…
Matter 1. Occupies space and has mass
2. Displays inertia (resistance to change in motion)(Coin and index card example)
How would your weight change on the moon? On a mountain top? On the Sea floor?
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Weight vs. Mass Are they the Same?Weight – measure of the earth’s gravitational attraction for matter
Mass – measure of the quantity of “matter”
Weight Mass
By definition they are different…
Matter 1. Occupies space and has mass
2. Displays inertia (resistance to change in motion)
Law of Conservation of Matter – mass cannot be created nor destroyed
How would your weight change on the moon? On a mountain top? On the Sea floor?
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Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Let’s breakdown…
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Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Elements
1 type of atom
Compounds
2 or more types of atoms bonded
Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture
1 phase 2 or more phases
(Solution)
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Matter
Pure Substances Mixtures
Elements
1 type of atom
Compounds
2 or more types of atoms bonded
Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture
1 phase 2 or more phases
(Solution)
Remember:Remember: Bonded together Just mixed up
Mixed chunks you can see (not uniform)
Mixed up completely (uniform)
Whole # ratios
uniform and definite composition
physical blend of two or more components
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Properties of Matter
Chemical Property – relates to substance’s ability to undergo change that transforms it into a different substance (change in matter)
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Properties of Matter
Chemical Property – relates to substance’s ability to undergo change that transforms it into a different substance (change in matter)
Physical Property – characteristic that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance (no change in matter)
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Properties of Matter
Chemical Property – relates to substance’s ability to undergo change that transforms it into a different substance (change in matter)
Physical Property – characteristic that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance (no change in matter)
Extensive – depends on the amount of a substance present (ex. Length, mass, volume, solubility)
Intensive – does not depend on the amount of a substance present (ex. Density, malleability, ductility, conductivity, color, melting point, boiling point (state of matter) – see next slide…
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SOLID LIQUID GASHas its own
shapeTakes shape of
containerFills container
Highest density Middle density Lowest density
Not compressible
Not compressible
Compressible
Little movement
Some movement
Rapid movement
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Physical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change
•does not change chemical character/composition of the substance
•ex. Pounding…tearing into pieces…pulling…melting a substance…heating…boiling a substance
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Physical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change
•does not change chemical character/composition of the substance
•ex. Pounding…tearing into pieces…pulling…melting a substance…heating…boiling a substance
Chemical Change
•produces a substance with new chemical properties
•Ex. rxn with H2O…rxn with acid or base…combustion
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Physical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change
•does not change chemical character/composition of the substance
•ex. Pounding…tearing into pieces…pulling…melting a substance…heating…boiling a substance
Chemical Change
•produces a substance with new chemical properties
•Ex. rxn with H2O…rxn with acid or base…combustion
Indications of a Chemical Change:
1. Change in energy
Endothermic – energy is absorbed (feels cold)
Exothermic – energy is released (feels hot)
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Physical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change
•does not change chemical character/composition of the substance
•ex. Pounding…tearing into pieces…pulling…melting a substance…heating…boiling a substance
Chemical Change
•produces a substance with new chemical properties
•Ex. rxn with H2O…rxn with acid or base…combustion
Indications of a Chemical Change:
1. Change in energy
Endothermic – energy is absorbed (feels cold)
Exothermic – energy is released (feels hot)
2. Production of gas
3. Change in color
4. Formation of a precipitate (solid)
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Speaking of …
EnergyEnergy Ability to do work
2 Types are below2 Types are below
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Speaking of …
EnergyEnergy Ability to do work
2 Types are below2 Types are below
Potential Energy – energy due to its position or composition
TNT
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Speaking of …
EnergyEnergy Ability to do work
2 Types are below2 Types are below
Potential Energy – energy due to its position or composition
Kinetic Energy – energy in motion
TNT
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Periodic Table of Periodic Table of ElementsElements
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Periodic Table of Periodic Table of ElementsElements
Non - metals(On this side of the blue staircase)
Metals(On this side of the blue staircase)
blue staircase
Metalloids(Touch the blue staircase)
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Periodic Table of Periodic Table of ElementsElements
Non - metals(On this side of the blue staircase)
Metals(On this side of the blue staircase)
blue staircase
18 Groups(Vertical columns)
7 Periods(Horizontal columns)
Metalloids(Touch the blue staircase)
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The First TestThe First Test - UUUHHHG! - UUUHHHG! What is on it?What is on it?
~Chapter 1 notes
~Lab Safety Knowledge
~Lab Equipment Identification
~Lab Objectives (what did I learn in each lab?)
~Chapter 1 – Textbook
How should I prepare?
~Read over all the notes – know material
~Lab Safety handout – read over it to refresh your memory
~Labs – read over each to refresh your memory
~Lab Equipment – memorize names of pieces correct spelling
~Read Chapter 1 – one last time to pull all the ideas together
What is the test like?
~ Mostly multiple choice (recognition)
~The equipment part is fill in the blank (recall)(correct spelling)