PowerShell for IT Administrators

Richard SiddawayPerot Systems

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Who am I?

IT Architect and systems integrator

Programming with .NET for several years

Scripting with VBScript since NT 4

VERY interested in automation

Using PowerShell since beta 2 (Monad)

Run UK PowerShell User Group

Think PowerShell is one of best pieces of technology EVER!

Agenda

What is PowerShell?

Learning PowerShell

Administration of Windows systems

Administration of Active Directory

Administration of Exchange 2007

Administration of SQL Server 2005

Agenda

What is PowerShell?

Learning PowerShell

Administration of Windows systems

Administration of Active Directory

Administration of Exchange 2007

Administration of SQL Server 2005

PowerShell

Next generation shell that is:As interactive and composable as BASH/KSHAs programmatic as Perl/RubyAs production oriented as AS400 CL/VMS DCLAccess data stores as easily as accessing filesystemsExtensible

SnapinsProvidersScripts

Script Types

Text.Net “interpretation” of the traditional Unix scripting model

COMWSH/VBScript style scripting

.NETManipulate any native .Net object

CommandsPowershell cmdlets emitting objects

DataTypes

Flat File – CSV etc.NETXMLWMIADSIADOADO.NETSQL

Accessing .NET

Simple scripts need [STRING] and [MATH]Advanced scripts can use any .NET objectCmdlets provide the best admin and scripting experience

.NET provides a safety net of coverage

PowerShell provides access to the entirety of the .NET Framework

SecurityInfrastructu

re

IT OperationsInfrastructu

re

Applications Infrastructu

re

Collaboration

Infrastructure

Agenda

What is PowerShell?

Learning PowerShell

Administration of windows systems

Administration of Active Directory

Administration of Exchange 2007

Administration of SQL Server 2005

Learning and Leveraging

In the Box DocumentsGetting Started, Users Guide, Quick Reference GuideHelp

BooksInvest in your integrated lifetime earnings

CommunityA wise man learns from mistakes…

Practice ad hoc development

Try things out in an interactive shellStitch things together with utilitiesPut the results in a script file

Realize that the tools are unsuitable and restart with a new set of tools

Generalize (e.g., parameterize)Clean it up production-qualityIntegrate into your environmentShare with the community

Ad Hoc Development

Utilities

DiscoveryGet-Help, Get-Member, Get-Command

Object ManipulationCompare, Group, Measure, Select, Sort, Tee, Where

FormattingFormat-(Custom, List, Table, Wide)Out-(File, Host, Printer, String)Export/Import-(Clixml, CSV)ConvertTo-Html

Primary Concepts

CmdletsVerb-noun namingSpecific functionality

Pipeline.NET based objects NOT text

Help is text basedSyntax is similar to C#Data – CSV, XML, SQL WMI etc

Issues

Default install mode won’t run scriptsSet-ExecutionPolicy

No file associationCan’t automatically run scriptsCan’t double click script to run it

No remoting – yetCan use .NET and WMI

Current working directory is NOT on PATH.\myscript.ps1

Does not load all .NET assembliesUse [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName(" Microsoft.SqlServer.Smo ")

Learning PowerShell

Demo

Agenda

What is PowerShell?

Learning PowerShell

Administration of Windows systems

Administration of Active Directory

Administration of Exchange 2007

Administration of SQL Server 2005

Administering Windows

Some administrative cmdletsEventlogsServicesProcesses

WMIScripting

Administering Windows

Demo

Agenda

What is PowerShell?

Learning PowerShell

Administration of Windows systems

Administration of Active Directory

Administration of Exchange 2007

Administration of SQL Server 2005

PowerShell and Active Directory

NO AD support in PowerShell v1Exchange 2007 has limited AD supportQuest AD cmdlets

Currently Beta

Quest PowerGUIPowerShell Community ExtensionsScripting

Active Directory Provider

PowerShell Community ExtensionsAccess AD as “filesystem”

Navigation Use core commands

Interactive or scriptingAssociated cmdletsIssues – “open source”

Administering Active Directory

Demo

Agenda

What is PowerShell?

Learning PowerShell

Administration of Windows systems

Administration of Active Directory

Administration of Exchange 2007

Administration of SQL Server 2005

Exchange Management

Exchange Information no longer visible in Active Directory Users and ComputersMay need to rethink administrative tasksExchange Management Console creates, uses and shows PowerShell scripts of actionsCannot perform all actions in GUIAdministrative development model

Administrative Development

Use the GUICopy the scriptModify

Use cmdletsCreate pipelinePut into script

Exchange Management Shell

PowerShell is pre-requisite for Exchange 2007 installEMS = PowerShell + Exchange PowerShell snapin

Both coexistEMS adds 300+ cmdlets

Administering Exchange 2007

Demo

Agenda

What is PowerShell?

Learning PowerShell

Administration of Windows systems

Administration of Active Directory

Administration of Exchange 2007

Administration of SQL Server 2005

Administering non-PowerShell enabled applications

Needs a .NET APISQL Server

SharePoint

SQL Server 2005SMO = Server Management Objects

Need to use .NET

SQL Server SMO

Programmatic administration

.NET object model

Examples in C#

TasksView status

Access data

Perform backups

Administering SQL Server 2005

Demo

Summary/Call to Action

PowerShell can be used to administer large and growing parts of your environmentNow available at: www.microsoft.com/downloads

Search for PowerShell

Try it, Deploy it, Use it, Share

For More Information

User group:http://www.get-psuguk.org.uk

My Bloghttp://richardsiddaway.spaces.live.com

Get-PSUGUKUK PowerShellUser Group

Downloads

Quest AD cmdlets:http://www.quest.com/activeroles-server/arms.aspx

Quest PowerGUIhttp://www.powergui.org

PowerShell Community Extensionshttp://www.codeplex.com/Wiki/View.aspx?ProjectName=PowerShellCX

Community Resources

Newsgroup: Microsoft.Public.Windows.PowerShellTeam blog: http://blogs.msdn.com/PowerShell/Channel 9 tag: http://channel9.msdn.com/tags/PowerShellWiki: http://channel9.msdn.com/wiki/default.aspx/Channel9.WindowsPowerShellWikiScript Center:

http://www.microsoft.com/technet/scriptcenter/hubs/msh.mspxManning Press book by Bruce Payette: PowerShell in Action

http://manning.com/powershell/ O’Reilly book – Monad: Introducing the MSH Command Shell and Language

http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/msh/Sapien Press book by Don Jones: PowerShell

http://www.sapienpress.com/MshAnalyzer tool

http://www.karlprosser.com/coder/?cat=8

Resources

Technical Chats and Webcastshttp://www.microsoft.com/communities/chats/default.mspx http://www.microsoft.com/usa/webcasts/default.asp

Microsoft Learning and Certificationhttp://www.microsoft.com/learning/default.mspx

MSDN & TechNet http://microsoft.com/msdnhttp://microsoft.com/technet

Virtual Labshttp://www.microsoft.com/technet/traincert/virtuallab/rms.mspx

Newsgroupshttp://communities2.microsoft.com/communities/newsgroups/en-us/default.aspx

Technical Community Siteshttp://www.microsoft.com/communities/default.mspx

User Groupshttp://www.microsoft.com/communities/usergroups/default.mspx

Any Questions?

PowerShell-uk@hotmail.co.uk

Thank you for attending this TechNet Event

Find these slides at:http://www.microsoft.com/uk/technetslides

Reference Slides

Scripting with COM

Access existing instrumentationBind to COM objects

$fso = New-Object -ComObject Scripting.FileSystemObject$m = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]$word = $m::GetActiveObject("Word.Application")

Invoke methods/access properties$fso.GetDrive(“C:”)$fso.VolumeName = “System Drive”

Understand/extend instrumentationExtend and discover properties/methods

Update-TypeData Office.Word.Types.ps1xml$fso | Get-Member

Manipulate and format resultsDefine and import custom formating

Update-FormatData Office.Word.Format.ps1xml$word.RecentFiles | Sort name | Format-Table

Allows more simpler/more powerful COM scripts because of utilities and formatting

Scripting with WMI

PowerShell provides native WMI supportGet-WmiObject

Allows for inspection of WMI namespaceGet-WmiObject –list [-Namespace xx]Get-WmiObject –Class xx –Namespace xx –Property xxx – Filter xxx –ComputerName xxx –Credential xxx

Native language support[WMI] “\\JPSDESK10\root\cimv2:Win32_Process.Handle="0“[WMICLASS] "ROOT\cimv2:WIN32_PROCESS"[WMISEARCHER]"select * from Win32_process WHERE Name = 'calc.exe'"

Scripting with .NET

PowerShell provides native access to any .NET classCreate any object

[reflection.assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Windows.Forms")$d = New-Object System.DateTime 2006,12,25

Access Properties/Invoke Methods$d.DayOfWeek$d.AddDays(-30)

Access Statics[DateTime]::Now[DateTime]::IsLeapYear(2006)

Allows admins to easily access and leverage a huge API set because of scriptability, utilities and formatting

Scripting with XML

PowerShell provides native XML supportNative datatype

$x=[xml]"<a><b><c>TEST</c></b></a>“$b =[xml](type c:\i386\mssecure.xml)

Native syntax to access “data” view of properties$b.BulletinDataStore.Bulletins.Bulletin[0]

Access to XML methods $b.BulletinDataStore.SelectNodes(“//Patch”)

XML properties available through PSBase property$b.BulletinDataStore.PSBase.innerXml

Scripting with Text

Invoke existing tools Existing command run directly after variables are expanded

Harvest data from existing toolsParse output into variables using text utilities.

Pipe data to SELECT and use –FIRST and –LAST Select-String <REGEX> <Path>Dir | Select-String <REGEX>[DateTime]”12/25/2006 7:00”([DateTime]”12/25/2006 7:00”).AddDays(-30)

Use functions/scripts to wrap the commands and convert output to objects or provide standard syntax

Safely process textUse CLR types via Windows PowerShell to safely parse text

[URI]” http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell/archive/2006/04/25/583234.aspx”

Allows admins to get 2-10x more power out of existing commands because of scriptability