powerpoint ® presentation chapter 3 engine operation engine components four-stroke cycle engines...

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PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Operation Engine Components • Four-Stroke Engine Components • Four-Stroke Cycle Engines • Two-Stroke Cycle Engines • Two-Stroke Cycle Engines • Valving Systems Cycle Engines • Valving Systems • Diesel Engines • Rotary • Diesel Engines • Rotary Engines • Engine Output Engines • Engine Output

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Page 1: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

PowerPoint® PresentationPowerPoint® Presentation

Chapter 3Chapter 3Engine OperationEngine Operation

Engine Components • Four-Stroke Cycle Engine Components • Four-Stroke Cycle Engines • Two-Stroke Cycle Engines • Engines • Two-Stroke Cycle Engines •

Valving Systems • Diesel Engines • Rotary Valving Systems • Diesel Engines • Rotary Engines • Engine OutputEngines • Engine Output

Page 2: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

CompetenciesCompetencies List the components of an engine block.List the components of an engine block. Describe a cylinder head.Describe a cylinder head. Explain the operation and components of a crankshaft.Explain the operation and components of a crankshaft. Describe pistons and piston rings.Describe pistons and piston rings. Explain the function of connecting rods and bearings.Explain the function of connecting rods and bearings.

Page 3: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

CompetenciesCompetencies Describe the flywheel and valve train.Describe the flywheel and valve train. Compare the operation of four-stroke cycle and two-Compare the operation of four-stroke cycle and two-

stroke cycle engines.stroke cycle engines. Describe valving systems.Describe valving systems. Explain important features of diesel engines.Explain important features of diesel engines. Explain measurement of engine output.Explain measurement of engine output.

Page 4: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

Engine BlocksEngine Blocks

cylinder blockcylinder block cylinder borecylinder bore cooling finscooling fins valve train valve train

componentscomponents

crankcasecrankcase

Page 5: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

Cylinder HeadsCylinder Heads

engine component engine component fastened to the fastened to the end of the cylinder end of the cylinder block farthest from block farthest from the crankshaftthe crankshaft

head gasket is head gasket is filler materialfiller material

Page 6: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

CrankshaftsCrankshafts

convert linear convert linear motion of pistons motion of pistons to rotary motionto rotary motion

crankpin journalcrankpin journal bearing journalbearing journal counterweightcounterweight crankgearcrankgear

Page 7: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

PistonsPistons

slide back and forth in slide back and forth in the cylinder borethe cylinder bore

piston pinpiston pin skirtskirt ring groovering groove piston ringpiston ring

Page 8: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

Connecting RodsConnecting Rodsand Bearingsand Bearings

connecting rod connecting rod transfers motion transfers motion from piston to from piston to crankshaftcrankshaft

bearings reduce bearings reduce friction, maintain friction, maintain clearanceclearance

Page 9: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

Flywheels and Valve TrainsFlywheels and Valve Trains

a flywheel is a disk mounted at one end a flywheel is a disk mounted at one end of a crankshaftof a crankshaft provides inertia for the engineprovides inertia for the engine maintains crankshaft rotation between maintains crankshaft rotation between

combustion intervalscombustion intervals

a valve train controls the flow of gases a valve train controls the flow of gases into and out of the combustion chamberinto and out of the combustion chamber

Page 10: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

Engine OperationEngine Operation

intake eventintake event introduces air and fuel (or just air in a diesel introduces air and fuel (or just air in a diesel

engine) to the combustion chamber engine) to the combustion chamber piston moves from TCD to BDCpiston moves from TCD to BDC

compression eventcompression event air and fuel (or just air in a diesel engine) in air and fuel (or just air in a diesel engine) in

combustion chamber is compressed in the combustion chamber is compressed in the cylindercylinder

Page 11: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

Engine OperationEngine Operation

ignition (combustion) eventignition (combustion) event charge is ignited and rapidly oxidized to charge is ignited and rapidly oxidized to

release energy release energy

power eventpower event expanding gases force the piston head expanding gases force the piston head

away from the cylinder headaway from the cylinder head

Page 12: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

Engine OperationEngine Operation

exhaust eventexhaust event spent gases are removed from the chamber spent gases are removed from the chamber

and released to atmosphere and released to atmosphere

valve overlap is the point when both valve overlap is the point when both intake and exhaust valves are openintake and exhaust valves are open

Page 13: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

Valving SystemsValving Systems

seal the combustion chamber to control seal the combustion chamber to control flow of air-fuel mixture into the cylinder flow of air-fuel mixture into the cylinder and exhaust gases out of the cylinderand exhaust gases out of the cylinder

commonly two valves per system, intake commonly two valves per system, intake and exhaustand exhaust

location of valve determines type of head location of valve determines type of head designdesign

Page 14: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

Diesel EnginesDiesel Engines

injector is hydraulically activated by injector is hydraulically activated by pressurized fuel delivered by the pressurized fuel delivered by the injection pumpinjection pump

heat in glow plug is created by resistance heat in glow plug is created by resistance to current in a heating coilto current in a heating coil

Page 15: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

Diesel EnginesDiesel Engines

five events in operationfive events in operation intakeintake compressioncompression ignitionignition powerpower exhaustexhaust

turbocharging uses a compressorturbocharging uses a compressor

Page 16: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

Engine OutputEngine Output

measured by torque and horsepowermeasured by torque and horsepower units of measurement of horsepowerunits of measurement of horsepower

brake, friction, and indicated horsepowerbrake, friction, and indicated horsepower dynamometer measures torque, load, dynamometer measures torque, load,

speed, and horsepowerspeed, and horsepower

Page 17: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

Engine OutputEngine Output

factors affecting engine outputfactors affecting engine output displacementdisplacement volumetric efficiencyvolumetric efficiency thermal efficiencythermal efficiency air densityair density

Page 18: PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines Two-Stroke Cycle Engines Valving Systems Diesel Engines

Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation

Chapter 3 ReviewChapter 3 Review

What is the function of a crankshaft?What is the function of a crankshaft? A crankshaft is an engine component that A crankshaft is an engine component that

converts the linear (reciprocating) motion of the converts the linear (reciprocating) motion of the piston into rotary motion.piston into rotary motion.

What are the five events of four-stroke cycle What are the five events of four-stroke cycle engines?engines? The five events of four-stroke cycle engines are The five events of four-stroke cycle engines are

intake, compression, ignition, power, and intake, compression, ignition, power, and exhaust.exhaust.