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Population data collection:
a government perspective
Dr Sarah Joyce
Manager Health Survey Unit
WA Department of Health
Outline
Importance of population data collection
WA Health and Wellbeing Surveillance System
(HWSS)
Aims and objectives
Methodology
Challenges in data collection and analysis
Mortality & Morbidity People with problems
not requiring hospitalisation
Healthy people
People ‘at risk’ but problem-free
Administrative datasets
e.g. hospitalisations,
deaths, cancer registry
Population based
surveys e.g. Health and
Wellbeing Surveillance
System
Importance of population
data collections
Whole
population
Health and Wellbeing
Surveillance System
(HWSS)
Population based survey run continuously since 2002
Used to inform and evaluate programs, inform and
support policy development, health service planning and
development
Adult and child reports available annually
Data used for Departmental performance indicators,
national reporting and specific requests
HWSS
Lifestyle
risk factors
Smoking Physical
activity
Alcohol
Sun protection
Nutrition
Sleep
Health Service Utilisation
Physiological
risk factors
Body weight
Cholesterol
Blood
pressure
Chronic
Conditions
Cancer
Mental health
Asthma
Osteoporosis
Heart Stroke
Injury
Arthritis Respiratory
Child
Development
Breastfeeding
Speech
Birth weight
School
Bullying Sociodemographics
Income Employment
Living
arrangements
Family
structure
Education
Welfare Mental
wellbeing
Kessler
Major life events
SF8
Social
support
Suicide
Population based survey run continuously since 2002
Used to inform and evaluate programs, inform and
support policy development, health service planning and
development
Adult and child reports available annually
Data used for Departmental performance indicators,
national reporting and specific requests
Health and Wellbeing
Surveillance System
(HWSS)
HWSS – Aims and
objectives
Monitor the health and wellbeing of Western Australians
Identify health status and lifestyle behaviours
Identify emerging issues in a timely manner
To provide information at health region level, and where
possible at smaller geographic levels
To provide information about trends over time as well as
seasonal trends
HWSS - Methodology
How do we sample?
Stratified random sampling
WHY?
• to obtain reliable estimates
for rural and remote areas
• try and eliminate selection
bias
• try and obtain a sample
that is representative of the
population
What mode of collection do we use?
Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI)
WHY?
• cost
• timeliness
• higher response rates
HWSS - Methodology
What is our sample frame?
White Pages
WHY?
• provides us with address
information – this is used for
approach letters, geocoding
and stratifying by area
• easy to explain to
respondents
• relatively cost effective
Do we weight the data?
Yes
WHY?
• adjust for sampling method
• standardise to age and sex
distribution of WA population
• provide population estimates
HWSS – response rates
Excluded or under-represented in the sample frame
Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD)
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
Mobile only households
Those without a listed telephone number
Updating the sample frame
New suburbs
Change in population demographics
Types of questions that can be asked over the phone
Challenges
Minimum level of English required to take part in
interview
Less than 0.2% of sample in pilot year needed an
interpreter (compared to 2% estimated by ABS)
70% of sample is Australian Born (compared to 63% in
2011 Census)
Culturally and linguistically
diverse (CALD) groups
Aboriginal and Torres
Strait Islanders
1.5-2% of sample in identified as Aboriginal or Torres
Strait Islander (compared to 3% estimated by ABS)
15% of Kimberley sample (compared to almost 40%
estimated by the ABS)
Different demographic profile
More likely to be female, older, and earn more than
$40,000 per annum
Mobile-only households
Only listed mobile phones are available in our sample
(~10% of sample)
Limited data on number of mobile-
only households (9-20%) and no data
on unlisted mobile-only households
Mobile-only population different to
landline population (younger, lower
income, renters, possibly different
health behaviours)
Unlisted telephone
numbers
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
0 1 2 3 or more
Per
cen
t
Number of listed telephone numbers
2003 2007 2012
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
16-24 years 25-64 years 65+ years
Pe
rce
nt
Listed phone number Unlisted phone number
Listed vs. Unlisted
telephone numbers
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Current smoker Sufficent physical activity Unhealthy weight
Per
cen
t Listed phone number Unlisted phone number
Listed vs. Unlisted
telephone numbers
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Fruit Vegetables
Me
an
da
ily s
erv
es
Listed phone number Unlisted phone number
Listed vs. Unlisted
telephone numbers
Updating the sample frame
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
Ja
n-0
5M
ar-
05
Ma
y-0
5Ju
l-0
5S
ep
-05
No
v-0
5Ja
n-0
6M
ar-
06
Ma
y-0
6Ju
l-0
6S
ep
-06
No
v-0
6Ja
n-0
7M
ar-
07
Ma
y-0
7Ju
l-0
7S
ep
-07
No
v-0
7Ja
n-0
8M
ar-
08
Ma
y-0
8Ju
l-0
8S
ep
-08
No
v-0
8Ja
n-0
9M
ar-
09
Ma
y-0
9Ju
l-0
9S
ep
-09
No
v-0
9Ja
n-1
0M
ar-
10
Ma
y-1
0Ju
l-1
0S
ep
-10
No
v-1
0Ja
n-1
1M
ar-
11
Ma
y-1
1Ju
l-1
1S
ep
-11
No
v-1
1Ja
n-1
2M
ar-
12
Ma
y-1
2Ju
l-1
2S
ep
-12
No
v-1
2Ja
n-1
3M
ar-
13
Ma
y-1
3Ju
l-1
3
Hit
ra
te (
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
co
nn
ec
tio
ns
)
Changed to the 2008/09 WhitePages® Using the 2004/05 WhitePages®
Updating the sample
frame
Largest increase in
population density (as a %) • Capel
•Inner Perth
•Wanneroo
•East Pilbara
•Ashburton
Largest decrease in
population density (as a %) Mullewa
Carnamah
Dalwallinu
Murchison
Can handle a wide variety of questions – single
response, multiple response, numeric, open-ended.
Can’t use visual aides or cues (e.g. pictures of different
alcoholic drinks)
Allows for self-report only
Types of questions that
can be asked via CATI
Possible solutions?
Dual-frame surveys – combine two sampling frames
(e.g. listed and unlisted; landline and mobile)
Mixed mode methods – e.g. online and CATI, drop and
collect and CATI
Sophisticated statistical methods – e.g. raking
Conclusions
No method is perfect
Be aware of limitations
There is no solution that will work for everyone
Acknowledge the strengths of different collection modes
Select the best method that you can realistically enact
within your situation