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Arne Stensvand, NIBIO/NMBU
Physical means to control
powdery mildew
Overhead water misting
Ultraviolet (UV) light
Warm water steam
(‘Plant Sauna’)
Photo: E. Fløistad
Collaborators • NIBIO/NMBU: A. Suthaparan, K. Solhaug, H.
Gislerød, R. Pathak, N. Johansen, N.
Trandem, B. Asalf, A. Stensvand
• Cornell Univ: D. Gadoury, T. McCann
• Univ of Florida: N. Peres, R. Onofre
• USDA: L. Cadle-Davidson, B. Turechek
• RPI Lighting Research Center: M. Rea, A.
Bierman, J. Patel, M. Figueiro, L. Radetsky
• Myhrene AS: O. Myhrene, S. Myhrene
• Saga Robotics AS: P. From, E. Altenborg
• Ushio America: K. Cordero, C. Holger
• OSRAM Americas: L. Brock
Financing • Research Council of Norway
• Norwegian Agriculture Agency
• H2020 – EU (GoodBerry)
• USDA OREI/SCRI
Photo: E. Fløistad
Overhead water sprinkling
Very efficient against powdery mildew
Reduces spider mites with 30-60%
No negative effects on predatory mites
Photo: A. Stensvand
• Spores attach to the surface of water
droplets, roll off the leaves
• Fungal hyphae carrying the spores will break
• Water prevents spore germination Photo: B. Asalf
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Experiments in Florida and Norway
Overhead misting/sprinkling
1 minute 4 times per day
Photo: R. Onofre
Results from high tunnel experiments in Norway
Similar results in Florida in open field and high tunnel
Avoid overhead misting in moist, damp weather that may stimulate
grey mould and other pathogens thriving in wet conditions
Photo: A. Stensvand
UV No UV
Treatments during night
Photo: R. Onofre Photo: A. Stensvand
UV < 300 nm reduces powdery mildew
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Several research groups, including
at Hoogstraten in Belgium and
USDA in West-Virginia
UV against grey mould
Dutch company offering
UV equipment to control
fungal pathogens
Research on UV in several countries
As good or better
than the best
standard fungicide
Tractor-mounted UV unit in Florida
Photo: A. Stensvand
Tried out by a commercial
strawberry producer
(Myhrene) in 2016-2018
Photo: A. Stensvand
«Thorvald» (Saga Robotics) «Thorvald» at a field day with Myhrene 5 June 2019
Ellen Altenborg,
Saga Robotics
Treated 1.1 hectare 2-3 times per
week in cv. Murano in 2019 – no
development of powdery mildew
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Charging container
for the UV unit
‘Murano’
‘Sonata’
Five applications with Topas, Amistar
and Signum in cv. Sonata; gave up the
production one month ahead of time
due to powdery mildew Foto: E. Altenborg
UV effect against two-spotted
spider mites: Kills 99-100% of eggs, larvae
and nymphs if exposed directly, but minor effect on adults
Photo: K. Westrum
UV effect against grey
mould: Can strongly reduce
the disease at high doses, but
that may not be applicable in an IPM system
Testing at Lassen Canyon
Nursery in California
Test units built in California,
Florida and Norway by Ole Myhrene
Goal: Reduce/eliminate diseases
and fungicide resistant strains from
transplants of strawberry
Recipe from Florida:
1 hour pre-treatment at 37°C
1 hour at 20-25°C
4 hours at 44°C
Very good effect against angular
leaf spot, anthracnose, grey mould,
crown rot, powdery mildew Photo: W. Turechek
The ‘Plant Sauna’
Powdery meldew killed
after 2 or 4 h at 40-44°C
Living, sporulating powdery
mildew on untreated plants
‘Plant Sauna’ treatments of strawberry transplants
Photo: B. Asalf
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Experiments with bare root
plants in Florida No
negative effect on yield
Experiments with mites in
Norway No effects on
spider mites, but all stages
of strawberry mites killed
Photo: A. Stensvand
Upscaling of the ‘Plant Sauna in NL
by the Myhrene and Barel companies
Photo: Ruud Venner
Conclusions
Overhead water misting and UV controls powdery
mildew as efficiently as fungicides – must be adapted
to IPM-strategies with beneficials
The Plant Sauna eliminates powdery mildew in
transplants – possible growth and yield reductions must
be tested with various cultivars and plant qualities Thanks! «Thorvald» in a commercial
strawberry field in Florida