powerpoint - name hydrocarbons - iupac rules, multiple...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: PowerPoint - Name Hydrocarbons - IUPAC Rules, Multiple Bondsskeatingscience.weebly.com/uploads/8/8/0/2/8802224/organic1.pdf · Organic Chemistry and Organic Compounds ... Naming side](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062510/61177caa21614267037be32d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Organic Chemistry
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Organic Chemistry and
Organic Compounds
• What is organic chemistry?
__________________________________
• __________ Compounds - any covalently
bonded compound containing carbon
(except __________ , __________,
__________ and __________ )
Organic
Study of compounds containing carbon
oxides carbides
cyanides carbonates
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• Foods, fuels (oil, gasoline), fabrics (cotton,
wool, nylon), wood & paper, perfumes,
flavours, soaps, paints, medicines and
many more
Examples
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Why so many?
• Carbon is unique
It has 6 electrons and its electron configuration is 1s22s22p2
It has 4 valence electrons available for covalent bonding
It has the unique ability to form long chains of carbon (100s – 1000s), as well as rings.
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Hydrocarbons
• _____________ - contain only carbon & hydrogen bonded together with strong, non-polar covalent bonds
• _____________ - contain only single bonds
• _____________ - contain one or more carbon - carbon double bond
• _____________ - contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bond
Hydrocarbons
alkanes
alkenes
alkynes
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Saturated & Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
• Saturated hydrocarbons – contain only
__________ carbon-carbon bonds
(__________ ) and are relatively stable.
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons – contain
double carbon-carbon bonds
(__________) or triple carbon-carbon
(__________ ) bonds and tend to be more
reactive.
single
alkanes
alkenes alkynes
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General Formulas
• Alkanes = CnH2n+2
• Alkenes = CnH2n
• Alkynes = CnH2n-2
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Types of Formulae
• *Skeletal or line formula -
• *Structural formula -
• Condensed formula –
• Molecular formula - C4H10
*preferred methods of drawing
CH3CH2CHCHCH2CH3
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Nomenclature – Naming Compounds
• Must memorize prefixes
• Determine the longest continuous chain of C atoms (that contains the double/triple bond) and use the prefix for the number of carbons
• The chain is numbered so that the first carbon of the double/triple bond has the lowest number possible(and next so that branches have the lowest)
• For the ending of the name, determine if it is an alkane, alkene, or alkyne and then add “ane”, “ene”, or “yne”.
Prefix # of carbon
atoms
Meth- 1
Eth- 2
Prop- 3
But- 4
Pent- 5
Hex- 6
Hept- 7
Oct- 8
Non- 9
Dec- 10
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Examples
• Name the following: C3H8
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Mnemonic for first four prefixes
First four prefixes
• Meth-
• Eth-
• Prop-
• But-
Monkeys
Eat
Peeled
Bananas
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Numbering carbons
Draw 1-pentene
Name these
CH3CH
CH
CH3
CH3 CH3
C2H4
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Multiple multiple bonds
• Give 1st bond (1st point of difference) lowest # • include di, tri, tetra, penta, etc. before ene/yne • Comma between #s, hyphen between #-letter
CH3CH3
CH3
CH2CCCCCCCH3
C C C C
H
H
H
H
H
H
CH3CH2CH2CH=C=CH2
CH2CCH
CHCH2
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C
C
C
CC H
H
HH
H
H
HH H
H
Cyclic structures
• Cyclic structures are circular and have “cyclo” in name
Draw the following:
cyclobutene 1,3-cyclopentadiene cyclopropane
Name the following:
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CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3
Naming side chains or branches
Root/parent name is the longest possible hydrocarbon chain. It must
contain multiple bonds if present.
Number the chain starting from the end closest to the branches.
Add -yl to name the side chains and identify the number of each.
If more than one of the same side chain is present, indicate the
number using the prefixes – di, tri, tetra, penta, etc.
Order the side chains in the name alphabetically.
Common side chains include:
CH3 - methyl
CH3CH2 - ethyl
CH3CH2CH2 - propyl
CH3CH2CH2CH2 - butyl
(CH3)2CH - isopropyl
Br- (bromo) Cl- (chloro) F- (fluoro) I- (iodo)
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Naming side chains Example: name the following structure
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Step 1 - choose the correct ending
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Naming side chains
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Step 2 - find the longest chain
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Naming side chains
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Step 3 - add the prefix naming the longest chain
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Naming side chains
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Step 4 - number the longest chain with
the lowest number closest to the
double bond
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CH3 CH2 C2
CH21
CH23
C4
CH25
CH3
CH3
CH36
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Naming side chains
Step 5 - add that number to the name
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CH3 CH2 C2
CH21
CH23
C4
CH25
CH3
CH3
CH36
CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Naming side chains
ethyl
methyl
methyl
Step 6 - Name the side chains
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CH3 CH2 C
CH2
CH2 C
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH2 C2
CH21
CH23
C4
CH25
CH3
CH3
CH36
Naming side chains
ethyl
methyl
methyl
Step 7 - Place the side chains in
alphabetical order & name the
compound
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Name
CH3 CH2
CH CH3
CH2CH2
CH3
CH3 CH
CH
CH3
CH
CH3
CH2 CH2 CH3
CH2 CH3
CH3CH2CH CH CH CH2CH CH3
CH3
CH2CH3
CH3 CH3
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Draw the structures below
3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
3-ethyl-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene
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More practice
Br
CH3 C CH2C CH CH CH CH3
CH3
CH3
F
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2,2-dimethyl-3-hexene
2,5-dimethyloctane
octane
1,3-diethylcyclopentane
CH3
CH2CH2
CH2CH2
CH2CH2
CH3
CH3
CH
CH2
CH2CH
CH2CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH
CH2
CHCH2
CH2
CH3
CH2CH3
CH2 CH CH C CH3CH3
CH3
CH3
1
2
3
4
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CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH
CH
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
3,3-dimethylcyclopentene
cyclopropane
4-nonene
6-ethyl-2-octyne
5
6
7
8
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CH3 CH2
CH CH3
CH2CH2
CH3
CH3 CH
CH
CH3
CH
CH3
CH2 CH2 CH3
CH2 CH3
5-ethyl-2,4,6-trimethyloctane
CH3CH2CH CH CH CH2CH CH3
CH3
CH2CH3
CH3 CH3
3-methylhexane
4-ethyl-2,3-dimethylheptane
9 10
11
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cyclobutene
CH
CH2
CH
CH2
CHCH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH2 CH2
CH2
CH3
CH2 CH
C CH2
CH2 CH3
CH
CH3
CH3
CH3
1,2-dimethyl-6-propylcyclodecane
CH2
CH
CH2
CH
benzene
3,4-diethyl-2-hexene 12 13
14
15
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4-ethyl-1,2-dimethylcycloheptane
2-hexene
2,7,8-trimethyldecane
3,3-diethylpentane
CH2 C CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH3
16
17
18
19
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3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
CH3 CH3
CH3CH3
3-ethyl-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene
CH3
CHCH
CH2CH3
CH3
CH2CH3
20
21
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Common Nomenclature
Pitfalls Did not find the longest carbon chain
Numbered chain from the wrong end
Forgot to repeat number for each
identical branch
Forgot to use di-, tri-, tetra-, etc.
Confusing propyl / isopropyl, etc.
Writing the name as more than one
word
Incorrect punctuation