power systems foundation for supporting your critical ... · definition of mission critical...

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Power Systems Foundation for Supporting your

Critical Operations

Gary Farmer Curtis Engine & Equipment, Inc.

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Agenda

Decide

Design

System Types

Construction

Prepare for Operations

Maintenance & Testing

Conclusion

Questions

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Define

What is Critical to Operations? Everything is critical Everything is NOT mission critical to operations

Definition of Mission Critical

Wikipedia: any factor of a system (equipment, process, procedure, software, etc.) whose failure will result in the failure of business operations. That is, it is critical to the organization's "mission." NFPA: For reasons of public safety, emergency management, national security or business continuity. Mission critical is defined by you!

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Critical Operations in Different Facilities Government

Communications Data Processing Data Storage Security Cybersecurity Weaponry

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Critical Operations in Different Facilities Commercial

Processes Communications Data Processing Data Storage Security Cybersecurity

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Critical Operations in Different Facilities Health Care

Patient Care HVAC Diagnostic Imaging Communications Data Processing Data Storage Security Cybersecurity

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Critical Operations in Different Facilities Education

Communications Data Storage Security Cybersecurity

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Critical Operations in Different Facilities Retail

Data Processing Data Storage Refrigeration (food & pharm) Security Cybersecurity

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Design Consult Design Professionals

Architectural Firms Engineering Firms Energy Consultants Owner Representative Firms Equipment Vendors

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Design Criteria Requirements (What Must Be Done):

Size, Fuel, Emissions, Permitting, Standards, Certification

Integration (Interaction with Environment):

Priorities, Trade-offs, Risk

Constraints (Restrictions):

Budget, Schedule, Scope of Work

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Power System

Conventional Configuration:

1 Centralized Power Plant

2 Step Up Substation

3 Transmission

Network

4 Step Down

Substation

5 Delivery

Network

6 Load

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Power Systems Conventional

Radial distribution Loop distribution Utility – Normal source Standby – Alternate source

Standby Single generation Parallel generation o Single connection o Iso-redundant system o Iso-parallel system

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Uptime Institute Topology Tiers Tier 1

Non-redundant capacity components Single non-redundant distribution paths

Tier 2 Redundant capacity components Single non-redundant distribution paths

Tier 3 Redundant capacity components Multiple independent distribution paths

Tier 4 Redundant capacity components Multiple independent distribution paths Fault tolerant system

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System Comparison

Standby Power Short-Term (t≤1 year)

Speculative

First Cost Driven

Design - Bid - Build

On-Site Power Long-Term (t≥10 years)

Calculated

Life Cycle Cost Driven

Design & Build

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Non Traditional Power Systems

Distributed Energy:

More Efficient Use of Existing Assets

Replace Less Efficient Assets

Alternative to Additional Capacity

Energy Savings Offset Service Costs

Avoidance of Peak Demand Charges

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Distributed Generation: Adding Generation Capacity near Load Avoid Transmission Bottlenecks Stand Alone or Grid Supporting Variety of Available Technologies System Design is Site Specific Suitable for CHP Application Adaptable to Support Load Changes Independent of Utility Grid Avoidance of Peak Demand Charges Interconnection Requirement Barriers

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Demand Response:

Reduce Load for Set Time Period

Contracted Service upon Request

Alternative to Additional Capacity

Added Revenue from Existing Assets

Offset Costs of Additional Capacity

Communication is Key Enabler

Advanced Metering Infrastructure

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Microgrid:

Combination of Complementary Power Sources

Multiple Generation Technologies

Multiple Fuel Types

Redundancy

Energy Storage as Backup

Independent of Any One Component

Connected, but Not Dependent on Utility Grid

Advanced Metering and Communications

Best Suited for Campus Wide Application

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Operations

Preparation:

Staffing

Hardware

Software

Training

Political support

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Regular Periodic Tasks:

Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Quarterly, & Anually

Visually Inspect & Record

Measure & Record

Test & Record

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Diesel Generator SetMaintenance Items Visual Record Action Frequency

Battery SystemElectrolyte level X X Check Weekly

Charger and charge rate X X Inspect Weekly

Terminals clean and tight X Inspect/Check Weekly

Leakages and spillage X Inspect/Clean Weekly

Remove corrosion from case X Inspect/Clean Monthly

Specific gravity or state of charge X Test Monthly

Equalize charge X X Check Annually

Fuel SystemMain supply tank level X Check Weekly

Day tank level X Inspect/Check Weekly

Day tank float switch X Inspect/Test Weekly

Supply or transfer pump operation X Inspect/Test Weekly

Solenoid valve operation X Inspect/Test Weekly

Strainer, filter and/or dirt leg X Inspect/Drain/Change Weekly

Water in system X Check/Drain Weekly

Flexible hose and connectors X Inspect Weekly

Tank vents/overflow pipe blocked X Inspect/Replace Annually

Piping X Inspect Annually

Wiring in fuel system X Inspect Annually

Fuel in main tank X Test/Filter/Biocide Annually

Lubrication SystemOil level X X Inspect/Check Weekly

Lube oil heater X Check Weekly

Crankcase breather X Inspect/Clean/Replace Semiannual

Oil change X Replace Annually

Oil filter X Change Annually

Method of Checking and Action to Take

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Cooling SystemCoolant level X X Inspect/Check WeeklyAdequate cooling water to heat

exchanger X Check Weekly

Adequate fresh air through radiator X Check Weekly

Water pump X Inspect/Check Weekly

Flexible water hoses and connections X Inspect Weekly

Jacket water heater Check Weekly

Fan and alternator belts X Inspect/Check Monthly

Antifreeze protection level X Test Semiannual

Antifreeze PH test X Test/Replace Annually

Rod out heat exchanger Clean Annually

Clean exterior of radiator Clean Annually

Inspect ductwork, clean louvers X Inspect/Check/Change Annually

Louver motor and controls X Inspect/Clean/Test Annually

Exhaust SystemLeakage X Inspect/Check Weekly

Drain condensate trap X Check Weekly

Insulation and fire hazards X Inspect Monthly

Flexible exhaust section X Inspect Semiannual

Excessive back pressure X Test Annually

Exhaust system hanger and supports X Inspect Annually


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EngineGeneral inspection X X Inspect Weekly

Service air cleaner X Inspect/Vacuum Semiannual

Governor oil level and linkage X Inspect Monthly

Governor oil X Change AnnuallyIgnition system - plugs, cap, rotor,

secondary wire insulation X

Inspect/Check/Replace/

Clean/Test AnnuallyChoke setting and carburetor

adjustment X Check SemiannualInjector pump and injectors for flow

rate, pressure, and/or spray pattern X Test Annually

Load test X Test Monthly

Valve clearance Test

Every 3 years or

500 hours

Torque bolts Test

Every 3 years or

500 hours

Generator EndBrush length, apprearance free to move

in holder X Inspect/Check/Clean Semiannual

Commutator and slip rings X Inspect/Clean Annually

Rotor and stator X Inspect/Clean Annually

Bearings X Inspect/Replace Annually

Bearing grease X Check/Replace Annually

Exciter X Inspect/Check/Clean Annually

Voltage regulator X Inspect/Check/Clean Annually

Measure and record resistance readings

of windings with insulation tester X Test Annually


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Electrical SystemGeneral inspection X Inspect Weekly

Circuit breakers, fuses X Inspect/Check/Clean Monthly

Wire chafing if subject to movement X Inspect/Check Monthly

Operation of safeties and alarms Check/Test Semiannual

Boxes, panels and cabinets Clean SemiannualTighten control and power wiring

connections X Check AnnuallyCalibration of voltage-sensing

relays/devices Check/Test Annually

Wire insulation breakdown X Test

Every 5 years or

500 hours

Automatic Transfer SwitchGeneral inspection X X Inspect Weekly

Exercise the system under load X Test Weekly

Automatic control system X Test Monthly

Cabinet exterior X Inspect/Clean Monthly

Tighten external components X Inspect/Check Monthly

External operating mechanism X Inspect/Clean/Lubricate Annually

Inspect interior of transfer switch X Inspect Annually

Tighten internal components X Inspect/Check AnnuallyLED indicators and remote control

systems operation X X Test Annually

Transfer switch main contacts X X Inspect/Clean/Replace Annually

Tighten wiring connections Check Annually

Wire insulation deterioration X Inspect/Check/Replace Annually


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General ConditionUnusual noises, vibrations, leakage,

temperatures or deterioration X X Inspect/Clean Weekly

Service room/surrounding area X Inspect/Clean WeeklyRestore system to automatic operation

condition X Inspect Weekly


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Adm. Ricover’s Principles of Safe Operation

Rising Standard of Quality

Highly Capable Operators Trained by Operators

Alert Bad News when it Happens

Respect the Danger

Constant and Rigorous Training

Repair, QC, Safety, and Technical Support must work together

Learn from Past Mistakes

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Conclusion

One Size Fits One

You Define Mission Critical

Consult Design Professionals

Determine System Type

Prepare for Construction

Prepare for Operations

Prepare for Maintenance & Testing

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Questions ?

Gary Farmer Curtis Engine & Equipment, Inc.

443-794-7564 Booth 1049

power systems foundation for supporting your critical ... · definition of mission critical...

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