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C I R C U I T L A B

Power Supply Reversal Correcter-Cum-Preventer

M.K. Chandra Mouleeswaran and C.K. Kalai Priyaa

When power-supply polarities of an electronic device are accidentally interchanged, the device runs the risk of damage.The danger can be avoided by adding this tiny circuit to the power supply section of the device. The circuit will instantlycorrect the interchanged poles of the power supply and warn of the error by raising an alarm accompanied with a visualindication.

The control element is nothing but a relay (RL1). Its supply is made unidirectional by a series-connected diode (D1). Thusin normal state the relay is idle. This arrangement is connected in reverse across the power-supply output. The output ofthe add-on circuit, which is taken through the normally closed contacts of the relay, via fuse F1, supplies power to theload. This way, unwanted loading of the power supply by the relay is avoided. The normally closed (N/C) contacts of relayRL1 are connected to the input terminals of the power supply in the required polarity, while the normally open (N/O)contacts are connected to the reverse-polarity terminals.

LED1 and LED2 are bicolour LEDs having only two pins each as against the usual three pins. You can also make the 2-leadbicolour LED by soldering the leads of a green LED and a red LED together in reverse polarity.

When the input polarity is correct the LEDs glow green, and to indicate error these glow red. LED1 indicates the status ofthe input DC, while LED2 shows the status of the output. LED2 is primarily used to warn of stuck-up contacts of RL1.

Another simple protection circuit added at the output of this circuit comprises diode D2 and fuse F1. Diode D2 isconnected across the power supply in reverse polarity, so that if the relay takes a little longer to energise during anyerror, supply reversal forward biases diode D2 and virtually shorts the DC output. Thus the fuse is blown instantly to

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error, supply reversal forward biases diode D2 and virtually shorts the DC output. Thus the fuse is blown instantly toremove power from the load and the consequent damage to the circuit is averted.

If the supply to the add-on circuit gets reversed, diode D1 forward biases to activate relay RL1. The contacts of relay RL1change over and so the output is interchanged with respect to the input polarity, resulting in the correct output polarity.

At the same time, piezobuzzer PZ1 also gets forward biased through diode D1 to start sounding the alarm indicating supplyreversal. This indication by LED1 and PZ1 goes on until the error is corrected. There is no harm to the electronic deviceconnected to the power supply even if one neglects to correct the interchanged polarities, since they are attended toautomatically and corrected.

This circuit is far more efficient than the commonly used diode-bridge protection arrangement because the bridge diodesaffect the power supply levels, especially if it is a low-voltage storage battery.

The circuit can be assembled on the relay itself since all other components like the LEDs and the fuse are mounted on thefront panel in their respective holders. The supply input and load terminals can be screw type for ease of connections if itis to be used as a standalone unit.

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