Power-SharingInstitutions ofFederal States

Political Science FacultyMaster course Compound System of Governance

Thomas Fleiner

Shared Rule Self RuleC

on

stitutio

n

Basic Elements of Federalism

Constitution Making

CommonLaw

Function

Civil LawFunction

Continuity Big Bang

Pouvoir Constituant –Pouvoir Constitué –Legislature

Amendment process

USA, Canada, Australia

Eternity Clauses

Federal States

Democratic GovernanceFederal GovernanceGood Governance

Principles

Democracy Rule of LawFundamental

Rights

Three GovernmentalSystems:

Pre

siden

tial S

yste

m

Westm

inte

r Type

Syste

m

Dire

ctoria

lS

yste

m

Sem

ipre

si-

denti

al

In Parliament Centralized Sovereignty

Parliament

Head of State

Cabinet

In Parliament centralized Sovereignty

Parliament

Head of State

Cabinet

In Parliament centralized Sovereignty

Parliament

Head of State

Cabinet

Crown

LordsCom

mon

s

Crown

Lords Comm

ons

Crown

Lords

Comm

ons

Commons

Cabinet

Lords

Crown

Westminster

Elements of Influence

Political Rights

One manone voteone value

Electoral System

Constituency Major. Propor.

VolontéGénérale

Volontéde Tous

Borough Major.

Propor.

relative absolute

Whole Country

Governmen-tal System

PositionFirst Chamber

Status of Members of P

Position ofParties

Electoral systemElectoral concept

PresidentialSystem

USA

Congress

Represen-tatives

Senate PresidentSupreme

Court

USA

Sover. Legislature Sover. Executive

Sover. Judiciary

Federal Government

Ges JudExe

GovernmentsOf States

Leg Exe Jud

Federal AffairsPeople Citizens States

One PersonOne vote

One Nation

Each CantonTwo votes

Fed. Assembly

National-council

Cantons

FederalCouncil

(semi)Direct Democracy

Initiative - Referendum

Challenge for all Institutions

Confl. manage.

EducationLobbies

Parties

People and Cantons

Federation

Canton

Municiplali.

Imple

ment.

Imple

ment

Imple

ment

Vollzu

gV

ollzu

gV

ollzu

g

Ele

ction R

efe

ren

du

m

Ele

ction R

efe

rendum

Eöle

ct. refe

ren

du

m

Forms of Federal Executives and Legislatures in Selected Federations

Federation

Executive Legislature

Head of Government

Head Fe- deration

Bicameral unic. Leg.

Austr. Cabinet Prime Mini. Monarch Bicamer.

Austria Cabinet Chancellor El. Presid. Bicamer.

Belgi. Cabinet Prime Mini. Monarch Bicamer.

Canada Cabinet Prime. Mini. Monarch Bicamer.

Germa. Cabinet Chancellor Pres. El. Assembly

Bicamer.

Malays. Cabinet Prime.Min. Sel. Her. rulers

Bicamer.

Spain Cabinet Prime.Min. Monarch Bicamer.

CH Fixed termExec.Dire.

Rot. Pres. Rot. Pres. Bicamer.

US Sep. Pres. Congress

President Pres. Elected

Bicamer.

Variations in Selection, Composition and Powers of

Second Chambers S. Watts

Selection Composition Powers Role

App. By Fed. Gov. CA Mal.63% Seats

Equal Regio.Repr. CA

Absol VetoMediation US, CH

Legislature CH; US, AT AU MY

App. By F.Gv. Nom. Provinc.

Equ. St. Re. AU, US,CH

Abs. Veto f. some Leg.

Legis.; int. Gvt Rel ZA

App. State Gov. GE

2 Cat. Of St. Repres. CH

Susp. Veto time ES MY

Interpret.Const. Ethi.

Ind. El. State legis. AT IN MY

Weighed. St. Repr. AU. IN.

Susp.Veto GE

Dir.El. Simpl. Plur. CH, US

Weighed St. Repr. IN, AT

Deadlock: joint Sitting

Dir. El. Prop. AU Ad.repr.for other IN,MY

Deadlock: Diss. Joint Sit.

Choice left to Cantons CH

Min. reg. repr. ES,BE

Money Bill Sus Veto IN,My

Mixed. BE.ES, MY

Repr. NationEhtiop.

Judic. Funct.Ethiop.

CouncilHead of States

States

Councilof Ministers

Parliament

Peoples

Presi-dent

Commission

President

Foreign Aff.

European Union

People(‘s?) of the Union?

Concluding Remarks

Major Issues

Democratic participation of the people

Democratic accountability

Horizontal and vertical Checks and Ba-lances / Separation of powers

Transparency including participation

Rule of Law

Participation of federal units and People’s

Major Challenges

Parties, Parliament and election

Checks and Balances

Independence of Judiciary local andfederal

Nation and Nation-Building

One or two chambers?

Democratic governance versusFederal governance