power semiconductors for mv-converters...inverter csi induction machines im synchronous machines sm...

© Siemens AG 2009. All Rights Reserved.

Power Semiconductors for Medium Voltage Converters - An Overview

New multi level converter

Semiconductor for medium voltage drives

Power range

Classification und Features of various Converter Topologies

Component effort

Trends and Summary

Introduction

© Siemens AG 2009. All Rights Reserved.Industry Sector/14 2009-06-15

Classification of MV Converter Topologies

Medium voltage drives for industrial applications

Voltage Source InvertersVSI

Current Source InvertersCSI

Cyclo ConvertersCC

Delta circuit Star circuitY

Load Commu-tated InverterLCI

with commonstar-pointCC-S

open circuitCC-D

Synchronous machines SM

3-Level NeutralPoint Clamped3L-NPC4-Level Flying Capacitor4L-FC

series connectedH-Bridge cells - 2-Level cells SC-HB (2L)- 3-Level cells SC-HB (3L)

self-commutatedCurrent SourceInverter CSI

Induction machines IMSynchronous machines SM

Delta circuit

Induction machines IMSynchronous machines SM

Star circuitY

Converter topologies and power semiconductors for industrial medium voltage converters


3L-NPC Inverter

IGBT phase IGCT phase

Motor voltage:IGBT: 2.3kV - 7.2kVIGCT: 3.3kV - 4.16kV

Power range (single drive):IGBT: up to 7MVA (module IGBT)

up to 9MVA (press-pack IGBT)IGCT: up to 12MVA

Power semiconductors:IGBT: 3,3kV; 6,5kV (module)

4,5kV (press-pack)IGCT: 4,5kV; 5,5kV

Main applications:Module IGBT:

pumps, fans, extruder, marine drives, mills

Press-pack IGBT, IGCT:rolling mills, marine drives, multi motor drives,Transrapid

*based on existing products

Technical data*


3L-NPC Inverter

+ High front end flexibility (12-24p diode rectifier, active infeed)

+ Simple adaptation to customer requirements (braking chopper, 12-24p line performance with diode rectifier, output filter and chokes)

+ Common DC bus for multi motor applications possible+ Simple construction due to modular components (e.g.

Powercards)+ High dynamic control IGCT-phase module (Siemens)

IGBT Powercard (Siemens)

– Limited output frequency (fM<250Hz) due to low switching frequency of high blocking semiconductors

– Additional measures for application with standard line motors required (sinusoidal output filter)

– Output voltage limited up to 7.2kV


Series connected H-bridge Inverters

A1 A2 A3

B1 B2 B3

C1 C2

C3

D1 D2 D3

M

A1

A2

A3

B1

B2

B3

C1

C2

D1

D2

D3

C3

Basic configuration of H-bridge cell

Technical data*:

Voltage range (motor side):2.3kV to 7.2kV with 1.7kV IGBT4,8kV to 13,8 kV with 3,3kV IGBT

Power range (single converter):Up to 14 MVA with 1.7kV IGBTUp to 30 MVA with 3.3kV IGBT

Power semiconductor:IGBT: 1,7kV; 3,3kV (Modul)

Typical application:pumps, fans, Extruder, Ships, mills



Easy scalability with series connection of H-bridge cells

Usage of standard motors without output filter

Optional redundancy

High speed motors possible

Good performance

Multi winding transformer must be installed close to the converter

Large dc-capacitance required because of single phase principle

No common DC Bus for multi motor drive

Regenerative mode and braking chopper are costly

Perfect Harmony medium

voltage drive (Siemens)

Perfect Harmony medium voltage driveCell design (Siemens)

Series connected H-bridge Inverters


Load Commutated Inverters

Technical data*:

Voltage range (motor side):2.3kV to 12kV

Power range (single converter):Up to 65 MVA (water cooled)Up to 20 MVA (air cooled)

Power semiconductor:Thyristor: 8kV (water cooled)

8kV (air cooled)

Typical application:compressors, ship main drive(main and booster), starting converter



Load Commutated Inverters

+ Easy scalability in terms of power and voltage by varying the number of thyristor series connections

+ Regenerative operation capability + Redundant operation possible (optional)+ Very low-cost for high power applications

(>30MW)+ Very high reliability due to low component

count (24 thyristors @16MVA)

Operation only with synchronous machine Output frequency limited to approx. 120 HzLine perturbation at partial load operationLimited control dynamic

SINAMICS GL150 watercooled (Siemens)

SIMOVERT S marine application (Siemens)


Power Semiconductor

Blocking Voltage

Turn-OffCurrent

Mainly used in Drive power level0 Main Application

1.7 kV 7.2 kA Series connected H-bridge

< 15 MVA @ 7.2 kV General pumps and fans, retrofit

3-level npc1 < 7.2 MVA @ 4.16 kV General pumps and fans, ship propulsion

Series connected H-bridge

< 32 MVA @ 13.8 kV High Power drives

6.5 KV 1.5 kA 3-level npc < 5 MVA @ 7.2 kV General pumps and fansIGBT press pack 4.5 kV 4.8 kA 3-level npc < 9 MVA @ 3.2 kV Drives in metal industry including

common dc-bus solutions.IGCT 4.5 kV 5 kA 3-level npc < 12 MVA @ 3.3 kV Drives in metal industry including

common dc-bus solutions.IGCT reverse conducting

5.5 kV 2.2kA 3-level npc < 5 MVA @ 4.16 kV General pumps and fans, retrofit requires output filter

LCI2 < 75 MVA @ 12 kV Gas compressors, ship propulsion, starter drives

Cyclo Converter < 25 MVA @ 4.6 kV Ore mills in mining

Thyristor 8 kV 3.6 kA (ITAVM)

3.3 kV 3 kA

IGBT module type

Power semiconductors in industrial medium voltage drives

0: Output power for single drive1: 3-level neutral point clamped converter2: Load commutated inverter


M2C – Modular Multi Level Inverter

Motor voltage:IGBT: 2.3kV – 7.2kV

Power range (single drive):IGBT: up to 10MVA (module IGBT)

Power semiconductors:IGBT: 1.7kV (module)

Possible main applications:Module IGBT:pumps, fans, extruder, marine drives, high speed drives

*based on prototype

Technical data*

Basic circuit diagram of a 5-level converter

X1

X2X1

X2X1

X2X1

X2

X1

X2X1

X2X1

X2X1

X2

X1

X2X1

X2X1

X2X1

X2

X1

X2X1

X2X1

X2X1

X2

X1

X2X1

X2X1

X2X1

X2

X1

X2X1

X2X1

X2X1

X2

N

P

VDC

SM

M

+-

X1n VSMn

Tn1

Tn2

X2n

Dn1

Dn2uZn

arm

arminductance

sub module


M2C – Modular Multi Level Inverter

Easy scalability with series connection of sub modules

Usage of standard motors without output filtersHigh front end flexibility (12-24p diode rectifier, active infeed)Common DC bus for multi motor applications possibleSimple construction due to modular components High dynamic controlRedundancy possible

6kV drive prototype

Operation of motors with low nominal frequency requires additional effort.

Prototype submodule

The M2C concept combines the features of 3-level npc and SC-HB converters!


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2-level 1,7kVIGBT

3-level npc3,3kV IGBT

3-level npc4,5kV IGCT

SC-HB1,7kV IGBT

M2C1,7kV IGBT

LCI8KV Thyristor

Inst

alle

d S

i-are

a [c

m2/

MV

A]

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

2-level 1,7kVIGBT

3-level npc3,3kV IGBT

3-level npc4,5kV IGCT

SC-HB1,7kV IGBT

M2C1,7kV IGBT

LCI8KV Thyris tor

dc-li

nk e

nerg

y [k

Ws/

MVA

]

Related Si-area (only machine-side inverter)

Installed Si-area per 1 MVA output power only machine side inverter

Installed dc-link energy per 1 MVA output power

2-level low voltage: 690V low voltage PWM converter without output filter3-level-npc: 4.16kV converter based on 3.3kV IGBT modules without output filter SC-HB: Series connected H-bridge converter motor voltage 7,2kVM2C: Modular-Multi-Level Converter 6,6kV

LCI is still a competitive solution for high power drives (>30MW) because of its low effort for semiconductors and its reliability (low parts count)

Sw

itch

Dio

de690V lowvoltage electrolytic

capacitors

film capacitors

dc-linkinductance


IGBT:Increase of rated currents for existing voltage classes Improvement of thermal and power cycling capability for modulesIncrease of operating temperature range

SiC:Application of SiC HV diodes in medium voltage drives as a first step

Future trends for medium voltage drives

Power semiconductors

Extended application of multi level topologies, e.g. high speed drives, offshore...Application of new topologies combining advantages of known concepts e.g. M2C formedium voltage drivesNew applications areas such as wind power Filterless / transformerless designsExtension of voltage and power range of PWM converters

Converter topologies


Summary

1. Voltage Source Inverterscover a power range up to 30MW with high control dynamic demandIGBT-Modules:for standard applicationsIGCT/IGBT- semiconductor discs:for applications with high load cycling requirements

Siemens Converter-PortfolioActual market of medium-voltage inverter for industrial applications:

1a. 3L-NPC: - suitable for multi motor drives with a common dc bus- easy implementation of regenerative operation capability- requires a sinus filter for standard machine applications

1b. SC-HB: - single motor drives for a small to higher power range with high machine-voltages

- suitable for Retrofit application due to a low machine winding stress caused by a high number of output voltage levels

- requires a multi-winding transformer2. Load-Commutated-Inverter (LCI) with thyristors:

- Particularly cost effective for power demands above 20MW- low control dynamic performance

3. Current-Source-Inverter (CSI) with SGCTs:- single motor drives for middle power range applications- requires an output filter

power semiconductors for mv-converters...inverter csi induction machines im synchronous machines sm...

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