power scenario in india · power scenario in india important for global competition. need of the...

M/S. NEERJA MATHUR

DIRECTOR (PLANNING WING)

CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY

POWER SCENARIO

IN

INDIA

important for global competition.

need of the day.

?POWER or ELECTRICITY critical infrastructural component for multidimensional growth and basic human need

?Reliable and quality power at competitive rates to Indian industry

?Clean and Green Sustainable Power

?Energy Security

POWER SCENARIO

19

International Seminar on Emerging Technologies & Strategies for Energy Management in Railways

20


POWER SECTOR - AN OVERVIEW

??Electricity - ‘Concurrent Subject’ : joint responsibility of State and Central Governments.

??Bulk of transmission and distribution functions with State Utilities.

??Private sector - small presence in Distribution and making entry into Transmission.

??Conventional Generation - blend of thermal, hydro and nuclear sources.

??Coal based thermal power plants and in some regions hydro power plants - mainstay of electricity generation.

??Oil, natural gas and nuclear power accounts for smaller proportion of power.

??Emphasis also on non-conventional energy sources i.e. solar, wind, biogas and tidal.

??Captive power plants being encouraged to supply surplus power to Grid.

POWER SECTOR - AN OVERVIEW

GROWTH OF INSTALLED GENERATING CAPACITY IN INDIA

(figs. in MW)

'47 '55 '61 '66 '74 '80 '85 '90 '95 '02 '03 '04 '06 '07 '12

(Projeced)

Source: CEA* includes Likely capacity Addition of 14000

MW from Renewables during 11 th plan period

Thermal Nuclear

Hydro Renewable

1,3

62

2,6

95

4,6

53

9,0

27

16,6

64

28,4

48

42,5

85

81,1

71

63,6

36

1,0

5,0

46

1,0

7,8

77

1,1

8,4

26

1,2

4,2

87

2,2

4,9

07

*

1,3

2,3

29

21


535759

61

68

7173

69

2000 2003 2005 2008

Year

% of Coal basedCapacity in TotalGenerating Capacity

% of Coal basedGeneration in TotalGeneration

Share in %

(app.)

COUNTRY’S SHARE OF COAL IN TOTAL POWER GENERATION AND

INSTALLED CAPACITY OVER YEARS


MINISTRY OF POWER

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

ALL INDIA PLF (%) OF THERMAL POWER STATIONS(COAL AND LIGNITE BASED)

Source: CEA

56.555

56.5

53.955.3

57.1

60

64.6

67.369

69.9

72.7

74.374.8

72.2

6164.4 64.7

53.2

63

52.4

76.878.6

48

53

58

63

68

73

78

Years

CHART : 13

MAJOR LEGISLATIVE / POLICY INITIATIVES OF

GOVERNMENT

??1998- Electricity Regulatory Commission Act

??1998 - Electricity Laws (Amendment) Act

??2001-- Electricity Conservation Act

??2003- Electricity Act

??February ,2005- National Electricity Policy

??January 2006- National Tariff Policy

??August 23, 2006 - Rural Electrification Policy

??August 2006- Integrated Energy Policy.

??January 2007- Report submitted by Working Group on Power for 11th Plan constituted by Planning Commission.

??August,2007 - National Electricity Plan notified.

22


??Access to electricity for all households in next 5 years.

??Availability of power on demand to be fully met by 2012

??Energy shortage and peaking shortage to be overcome by providing adequate spinning reserves

??Reliability and quality of power to be supplied in efficient manner .

??Electricity Sector to achieve financial turnaround and commercial viability

??Consumers’’ interests to be accorded top priority.

–NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY THE WAY FORWARD

NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY - ENCOURAGING PRIVATE PARTICIPATION

NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY -- ENCOURAGING PRIVATE PARTICIPATION

??Competition encouraged Competition encouraged -- to bring significant benefit to to bring significant benefit to consumersconsumers

??Guidelines for competitive bidding issued by Government in Guidelines for competitive bidding issued by Government in January,2005.January,2005.

??Role of private participation in generation, transmission and Role of private participation in generation, transmission and distribution to become increasingly critical in view of rapidly distribution to become increasingly critical in view of rapidly growing investment needs. growing investment needs.

??Central and State Governments to develop workable and Central and State Governments to develop workable and successful models for public private partnership.successful models for public private partnership.

??Special mechanisms to be created to encourage private investmentSpecial mechanisms to be created to encourage private investmentin transmission sectorin transmission sector



??Private Sector participation in distribution encouraged for Private Sector participation in distribution encouraged for achieving requisite reduction in T&D losses and improving achieving requisite reduction in T&D losses and improving quality of service to consumerquality of service to consumer

??Multi Year tariff frameworkMulti Year tariff framework -- important structural incentive important structural incentive to minimize risks for utilities and consumers, promote to minimize risks for utilities and consumers, promote efficiency and rapid reduction of system losses.efficiency and rapid reduction of system losses.

??Competition through concept of multiple licensees in same Competition through concept of multiple licensees in same area through their independent distribution systemarea through their independent distribution system

23


??Electricity Act & National Electricity Policy mandates non--discriminatory open access in transmission and, in phases in distribution.

??Respective State Regulatory Commissions to facilitative framework for open access.

??Well planned and strong transmission and distribution system to ensure optimal utilization of transmission capacities

??Would facilitate achieving objective of cost effective delivery of power.

??Distribution reform - key to long term sustainability of the power sector.

OPEN ACCESS IN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

INSTALLED CAPACITY IN THE COUNTRY (as on 30th September, 2008)

TOTAL IC -1,45,627 MW

R.E.S.,

12195

8.4%

NUCLEAR

4120

2.8%

THERMAL

93115

64%

HYDRO,

36198,

24.8%

EVOLUTION OF UNIT SIZE OF EVOLUTION OF UNIT SIZE OF COAL BASED POWER PLANTSCOAL BASED POWER PLANTS

??Largest unit size in 1950-30 MW

??First 200 MW unit at Obra TPS in 1977

??First 500 MW unit at Trombay in 1984

??Committee constituted by CEA recommended 800 to 1000 MW unit size in future

??In 11th Plan and beyond 800/660 MW units planned


MINISTRY OF POWER

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

Details of IC of renewable energy sources

(As on 31.03.2008)

11,125.41TotalTotal

87.87Solar power & othersSolar power & others

2034.07Small Hydro Power Small Hydro Power

1325.63Biomass Power & Biomass Power & Biomass Biomass Gasifiers

7666.84Wind PowerWind Power

Installed Capacity ( MW)Installed Capacity ( MW)Sources / SystemsSources / Systems

Total

Solar power & others

Small Hydro Power

Biomass Power & Biomass

Wind Power

Installed Capacity ( MW)Sources / Systems

TRANSMISSION & NATIONAL GRID TRANSMISSION & NATIONAL GRID

??Development in a phased manner – commensurate with

generation / load growth.

??Economy in generation through efficient transmission

??Conservation of Right-of-Way

??In forest areas with rich flora & fauna, construction of

lines with high towers / high voltage rating – leading

to reduced forest cutting.

??High capacity lines (HVDC & 765 kV)

24


38.6 38.6 538/538538/538170170500 500

38.4 38.4 535/535535/535150150250 250

37.8 37.8 535/535535/535150150210210

3535--36 36 535/535535/535130130110/120/140110/120/140

3232--33 33 53553590906060--100 100

~31 ~31 48248260603030--50 50

(%) (%) ooC C kg/cmkg/cm22

Gross Gross Efficiency Efficiency

(HHV )(HHV )

MS/RH MS/RH Temp Temp

MS. Pr MS. Pr Unit Size Unit Size

38.6 38.6 538/538538/538170170500 500

38.4 38.4 535/535535/535150150250 250

37.8 37.8 535/535535/535150150210210

3535--36 36 535/535535/535130130110/120/140110/120/140

3232--33 33 53553590906060--100 100

~31 ~31 48248260603030--50 50

(%) (%) ooC C kg/cmkg/cm22

Gross Gross Efficiency Efficiency

(HHV )(HHV )

MS/RH MS/RH Temp Temp

MS. Pr MS. Pr Unit Size Unit Size

PREVAILING UNIT SIZES IN INDIA

210/250 & 500 MW Units Constitute Over 80% of the Total Capacity

25


National Grid

1950-60’s

1970-80s

2000 onwards

Local

1950’s

EVOLUTION OF ELECTRIC GRID

State Grids by SEBs

Regional Grids with ATS of Central Generation

Shift from Regional self sufficiency concept to National level Planning

Interconnecting Regional Grids with HVDC

1990s

Towards National Grid System

778

3938

5787

9560

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Number of Transactions

16441

22526

30000

23134

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Energy Traded

En

erg

yin

Millo

nU

nit

s

1129 % increase in number ofapproved transactions in Short -term Open Access at Inter State level

82% increase in volume of energy traded in Short-term Open Access at Inter State level

Encourage Competition and Choice by facilitating electricity trade

BENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRIDBENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRID

(Contd. ….)

Security and Reliability enhanced by reduction in number of griddisturbances

Grid Disturbances

74

53

72 1 0 03 4 0 0 0 0 0

0

20

40

60

80

100

2001-022002-032003-042004-05 2005-062006-072007-08

Year

Nos.

Minor Major

BENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRIDBENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRID (Contd. ….)

26


Development of Transmission Voltages Levels

??132 kV Highest level at the time of Independence

??Introduction of 220 kV in 1960

??400 kV in 1977

??HVDC back--to-back link in 1989,

??500kV, HVDC bi -pole line in 1990

??765 kV transmission line from 2000 onwards.

293,210197,927150,480119,290

79,601

36,142

3,138

409

At the end of VIIIth Plan i.e.

March ’97

96,993

49,378

3,138

971

At the end of IXth Plan i.e. March ’02

114,629

75,722

5,872

1,704

At the end of Xth Plan i.e. March ’07

ckm

ckm

ckm

ckm

Unit

150,000230/ 220 kV

125,000400 kV

11,078HVDC +/- 500 kV

7,132765 kV

Target at the end of XIth

Plan i.e. March ’12

Transmission lines

CUMULATIVE GROWTH IN TRANSMISSION SECTOR

119,290

150,477197,927 209,072

293,210

1997 2002 2007 2008 ( uptoFeb )

2012 (proj.)

GROWTH OF HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINKS

Source: CEA

Cumulative HT Lines 220 KV and above (in ckm)

27


PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY IN INDIA

Source: CEA

176

348

559632 672 704

1000

613

1980-

81

1990-

91

2000-

01

2004-

05

2005-

06

2006-

07

2007-

08

2011-

12

kWh/year

(Projected)

As per UN Methodology (Gross Electrical Energy Availability / Population)

Growth Pattern

??Country facing energy shortage of 9.8% and peak shortage of 16.6% (2007--08).

??As per Census 2001, only about 56% of households have access to electricity, with rural access being 44% and urban access about 82%.

??Annual per capita consumption about 704 kWh as against world average of about ~2400 KWh.

STATUS OF POWER SECTOR

ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION OF THE COUNTRY (2007-08)

Peak (MW)Peak (MW) Energy (MU)Energy (MU)

RequirementRequirement 1,08,8861,08,886 7,37,0527,37,052

AvailabilityAvailability 90,79390,793 6,64,6606,64,660

((--)Shortage/ )Shortage/ (+)Surplus(+)Surplus

((--)18,093)18,093 ((--)72,392)72,392

(%)(%) ((--)16.6)16.6 ((--)9.8)9.8




((--)Shortage/ )Shortage/ (+)Surplus(+)Surplus

((--)18,093)18,093 ((--)72,392)72,392

(%)(%) ((--)16.6)16.6 ((--)9.8)9.8

28


ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION OF THE COUNTRY (April,08-September,08)




((--)Shortage/)Shortage/

(+)Surplus(+)Surplus

((--) 16,916) 16,916 ((--)39,386)39,386

(%)(%) ((--) 15.4) 15.4 ((--) 10.3) 10.3




((--)Shortage/)Shortage/

(+)Surplus(+)Surplus

((--) 16,916) 16,916 ((--)39,386)39,386

(%)(%) ((--) 15.4) 15.4 ((--) 10.3) 10.3

CAPTIVE POWER

??National Electricity Policy stipulates liberal provisions for setting up captive power plants

??Installed Capacity if Captive plants - 22,335 MW (10th Plan end)

??Open Access to be made effective

??Efforts underway to resolve crucial issues, which are– Cess on captive power generation not to be imposed.

– Wheeling charges for transfer of surplus power may not exceed 7% of the generation cost within the state.

Captive Power

• Very high electricity duty imposed on captive power generation by some states.

• Very high cross subsidies surcharge levied by some state. To be brought down

• Fixation of reasonable tariff by State Regulatory Commission for surplus power available from CPPs.

• To make available additional fuel required by CPPs

• SERC’s to promote arrangements between co-generator and concerned distribution licensee for purchase of surplus power from cogeneration plants.

29


MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER SECTOR

??Inadequate power generation capacity

??Lack of optimum utilization of the existing generation capacity

??Inadequate inter-regional transmission links

??Inadequate and ageing sub-transmission & distribution network

??High T&D losses, large scale theft and skewed tariff structure

??Slow pace of rural electrification

??Inefficient use of electricity by end consumer

??Lack of grid discipline

MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER SECTOR

10TH PLAN –TARGET AND ACTUAL CAPACITY ADDITION

6

(MW)

?Original Target 41,110

?Capacity Slipped / Dropped 21,281

?Net Capacity Addition from Original Target 19,829

?Additional Projects identified during the Plan 8,320

?Capacity Slipping from additional projects 6,969

?Net Capacity Addition from additional Projects 1,351

Net Capacity added during 10 TH Plan 21,180*

* Thermal -12,114 MW, Hydro – 7,886 MW, Nuclear – 1180 MW

30


6969*6969*650765072202201455414554TotalTotal

9191-- 990990Adjustment due to change of sizeAdjustment due to change of size1010

12201220Nuclear projects included on best effort Nuclear projects included on best effort basis(otherwisebasis(otherwisescheduled for XI plan)scheduled for XI plan)

99

6060500500Law & Order ProblemsLaw & Order Problems88

31553155Hydro Project Hydro Project -- delay in environmental clearance, delay in environmental clearance, geological surprises, natural calamities, R&R issues, geological surprises, natural calamities, R&R issues, delay in signing of delay in signing of MoUMoU, Court Cases, Court Cases

77

23912391Delay in clearance/investment decision (Hydro projects)Delay in clearance/investment decision (Hydro projects)66

232352785278Projects not taken up/Escrow cover not given/financial Projects not taken up/Escrow cover not given/financial closure not achieved/funds not tied upclosure not achieved/funds not tied up

55

83583522222214231423Delay in award of works mainly in state sector/NLCDelay in award of works mainly in state sector/NLC44

1450145017131713NonNon--availability of Gasavailability of Gas33

39603960Delay in tieDelay in tie--up super critical technology by BHEL (one up super critical technology by BHEL (one unit at unit at SipatSipat and one at and one at KahalgaonKahalgaon were replaced by 500 were replaced by 500 MW units)MW units)

22

3350335067967922022026702670Delay in supplies/erection by suppliers/ contractorsDelay in supplies/erection by suppliers/ contractors11

HydroHydroNuclearNuclearThermalThermal

Additional Additional ProjectsProjects--ThermalThermal

Original PlanOriginal Plan

Major Reasons for SlippageMajor Reasons for SlippageS.NoS.No

6969*650722014554Total

91-- 990Adjustment due to change of size10

1220Nuclear projects included on best effort basis(otherwisescheduled for XI plan)

9

60500Law & Order Problems8

3155Hydro Project -- delay in environmental clearance, geological surprises, natural calamities, R&R issues, delay in signing of MoU, Court Cases

7

2391Delay in clearance/investment decision (Hydro projects)6

235278Projects not taken up/Escrow cover not given/financial closure not achieved/funds not tied up

5

8352221423Delay in award of works mainly in state sector/NLC4

14501713Non--availability of Gas3

3960Delay in tie--up super critical technology by BHEL (one unit at Sipat and one at Kahalgaon were replaced by 500 MW units)

2

33506792202670Delay in supplies/erection by suppliers/ contractors1

HydroNuclearThermal

Additional Projects--Thermal

Original Plan

Major Reasons for SlippageS.No

MAJOR REASONS FOR SLIPPAGES FROM 10 th PLAN (MW)

Total slippage: 21,281MW* Out of a total additional capacity of 8320 MW identified during Mid –Term Review

Major Steps of Integrated approach

??Capacity Addition from Conventional fuel based plants complemented by Renewable Energy based plants to extent possible.

??National Electricity Plan based on Conventional Energy Sources with priority to Hydro and Nuclear plants

??Strategies/ Initiatives being taken/ required to be taken for low carbon growth i.e. Introduction of Clean Coal Technologies (Supercritical Technology, Ultra supercritical technology, IGCC),

??Other measures to reduce pollution i.e. Reduction in T&D losses, R&M of Old thermal power projects, Retirement of old and small size generating units, Coal quality improvement

??Large emphasis on hydro development. . Constraints restricting progress are large gestation period, high capital cost, Issues such as R&R, law & order etc. New Hydro Policy to encourage private participation in hydro power generation.

??Limited dependability on gas based capacity --Availability of gas at reasonable rates being a constraint for gas based projects. During 11th Plan only about 6,843 MW gas based capacity envisaged.

??Active steps to harness Nuclear energy on a larger scale being taken but contribution minor as yet. .

??Renewables.

POWER GENERATION POWER GENERATION -- STRATEGYSTRATEGY

CENTRAL ELECTRICITYAUTHORITY

MINISTRY OF POWERGOVERNMENT OF INDIA

31


??Renewable energy sources to be made economically viable-- At present can play dominant role in meeting remote located demands where not economic to extend the grid.

??Coal based power projects expected to be main stay of Indian Power Sector for next 50-70 years. Continuous efforts directed at generating maximum energy from each tonne of coal with minimum effect on environment

POWER POWER GENERATION GENERATION -- STRATEGYSTRATEGY


MINISTRY OF POWER

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

Development of Hydro Power projects

147774364941414thth Plan (2022Plan (2022--23 to 23 to

2026 2026 -- 27)27)

111280310001313thth Plan (2017 Plan (2017 -- 18 18

to 2021to 2021--22)22)

80280300001212thth Plan (2012Plan (2012--13 to 13 to

20162016--17)17)

50280156271111 thth Plan (2007Plan (2007--08 to 08 to

2011 2011 -- 12)12)

Total Hydro Capacity Total Hydro Capacity at the end of plan at the end of plan

(MW)(MW)

Hydro Capacity Hydro Capacity

Addition (MW)Addition (MW)Plan PeriodPlan Period

14th Plan (2022--23 to 2026 - 27)

13th Plan (2017 - 18 to 2021--22)

12th Plan (2012--13 to 2016--17)

11th Plan (2007--08 to 2011 - 12)

Total Hydro Capacity at the end of plan (MW)

Hydro Capacity Addition (MW)

Plan Period

DEMAND AND CAPACITY REQUIREMENT

Year Energy Requirement

(BU)

Peak Demand

(MW)

Proposed Capacity Proposed Capacity Addition during 5 Addition during 5 year plan (MW)

Generation growth rate (CAGR)

20112011--1212 10381038 1,52,0001,52,000 77,070*77,070*

( 11( 11 thth Plan)Plan)

9.5% 9.5% (over (over

20062006--07)07)

20162016--1717 14701470 2,18,2092,18,209 94,00094,000

(12(12thth Plan)Plan)

7.4% 7.4% (over (over

20112011--12)12)

Proposed Capacity Addition during 5

2011-12 1038 1,52,000 77,070*

( 11th Plan)

9.5% (over 2006--07)

2016-17 1470 2,18,209 94,000

(12th Plan)

7.4% (over

2011--12)

* Feasible capacity as per latest assessment

32


26,783 MW36,874 MW

15,043 MW

CENTRAL SECTORSTATE SECTOR

47%(34%)

CAPACITY ADDITION TARGETTED FOR 11CAPACITY ADDITION TARGETTED FOR 11 thth

PLAN (PLAN (SECTORWISE)SECTORWISE)

11 PLAN –FEASIBLE CAPACITY ADDITION FOR

th – 77,070* MW

Thermal – 58,183 MW( Coal – 48,609 MW, Gas- 7,293 MW, Lignite- 2,280 MW)

Additional capacity expected : New Renewables – 14,000 MW: Captive – 12,000 MW

* Feasible capacity as per latest assessment

NUCLEAR,

3,380MW, 4.3%

THERMAL,

58,183MW,

75.5%

HYDRO,

15,507MW,

20.2%

11TH PLAN TARGET AND STATUS??10th Plan capacity addition only 21,180 MW. About 11,000 MW

slippages due to causes attributable to equipment suppliers and contractors.

??11th Plan – 77,070 MW

??-- 11,404 MW capacity already commissioned (Till date)

??-- 65,666 MW (83%) under construction

-- 85% hydro capacity under construction

-- Coal Linkage available for 96% of projects

??-- All gas based projects under execution or gas tied up from local sources

??Additional 3,720 MW thermal projects under best effort category.

??Additional 13,000 MW gas based projects if gas available at reasonable price

33


INTERNATIONAL CONCLAVE ON KEY INPUTS

??On 4th-5th July,2007 organized by CBIP/MoP/CEA.

??Purpose-To discuss issues to be addressed to ensure timely Implementation of projects during 11th Plan and beyond .

MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED

??Manufacturing Capability/ Availability of Main Plant and Balance Of Plant Equipment

??Constraints in supply of main equipment for thermal capacity as well as in supply of balance of plant like Coal Handling plant, Water treatment plants, Ash Handling, CW Pumps etc.

??Need to develop additional domestic players to adequately meet additional demand and promote competition.


??Construction and Erection Agencies & Equipment

??Augmentation required in number of construction agencies undertaking Civil & E&M works at power plants - Limited contractors in erection of cooling towers, Chimneys , tunneling, dam construction etc.

??Serious efforts needed by major power companies to develop vendors for supply and erection of equipment and for taking up civil construction.

??New technologies and Use of latest construction machinery for hydro projects required for fast progress in construction.

34



??Fuel Availability

??Requirement of coal for 11th Plan –– 550 MT; 40 MT equivalent of 68 MT of Indian coal to be imported

??Requirement of gas (90% PLF) –– 89 MMSCMD; Availability at present-- 36 MMSCMD; gas not sufficient

•• Transportation for fuel and equipment

??Establishment of new rail links for coal evacuation from coal mining blocks

??Railways, Coal , MoP to formulate Fuel Supply Transport Agreement


??Transmission & Distribution Equipment??Need for capacity building for transmission and distribution system

including supply of equipment and execution of works -- Substantial augmentation in manufacturing capacity of transformers; Need for indigenous manufacturing capacity for 765 KV voltage level equipment, increasing test facilities, online test facilities and mobile repair facilities.

??Strengthening of erection and commissioning teams and development of new vendors

??Increase in demand of CRGO??Shortage of indigenous materials and Equipment viz. meters, single

phase distribution transformers and switchgears, OLTC and bushings.gs.??Franchisees to be developed in rural areas and local community to be

trained.??More agencies required for turnkey execution of projects. ??Installation of LT Capacitors to be speeded up.


??Critical Key Inputs??To encourage domestic steel producers for production of CRGO

??Advanced planning for material to be imported

??CRGO to be exempt from custom duty

??Detailed analysis by Planning Commission to assess requirement of various key input considering requirement of all sectors of economy

•• Manpower Development & TrainingManpower Development & Training

??CEA has taken up with project developers and major EPC contractors to adopt ITI in vicinity of projects to build up skilled manpower pool for Power Sector to be utilized by them.

??Quick implementation of National Training Policy ’s recommendation --allocation of separate funds of 1.5% of salary budget -- gradually increase to 5% for meeting training needs

??Man power requirement during 11th Plan is 1 Million for Construction and O& M

35



??Delays in clearances

??Testing facilities to be increased and CPRI to play a proactivee

role

??R & D??Power Utilities as well as manufacturing units to enhance budget

allocation for R&D

??To attract young talent

11th Plan tentative targets for grid interactive renewable power

14,000Total

1400Small Hydro (up to 25 MW)

2,100Biomass Power Baggasse Co-generation Biomass Gasifiers

10,500Wind Power

Target for 11 th

planSources / Systems

Total

Small Hydro (up to 25 MW)

Biomass Power Baggasse Co-generation Biomass Gasifiers

Wind Power

Target for 11 th

planSources / Systems

Targets for 12 th Plan likely to be at least 14,000 MW

Village Electrification

??Number of villages electrified increased from 3061 in 1950 to about 4,88,655 in 2008 (as on 31.07.08, 82.3% village electrification).

36


Renewable Energy Sources during 12th Plan

??Capacity addition during 12th Plan expected to be more than 11th Plan due to incentives by MNRE for setting up of Solar and Wind power plants

??Considering at least 14,000 MW during 12thth

Plan also, by 12th Plan end about 38,000 MW Renewable power expected.

??Assuming PLF of 20 %, generation about 67 BU.

??This energy considered while planning for 12thth

Plan

12th Plan Tentative Capacity Addition ??Demand as per 17th EPS – Energy Requirement – 13,92,066

BU; Peak Demand- 2,18,209 MW

??Spinning Reserve – 5% as per National Electricity Policy. Capacity corresponding to 3000 MW and 1600 MW also worked out

??25,000 MW Hydro and 8,500 MW Nuclear as must run stations.

??As result of studies 12th Plan total Generating capacity 94,431 which includes 61,171 MW thermal.(28,190 MW PH, 15,495 MW LC, 14,800 MW Coastal)

??Capacity with 1600 MW S.R.-- 81,570 MW; 3000MW S.R. ––82,970 MW

??Fuel consumption(2016--17) – Coal 815 MT, Lignite 60 MT

??All India Studies for 5% S.R: LOLP – 0.18%; ENS – 0.00% (Norms – LOLP--1% & ENS-- 0.15%)

13th Plan Tentative Capacity Expansion

ASSUMPTIONS

??17th EPS Demand – Energy Requirement- 19,14,508 MU; Peak Demand- 2,98,253 MW

??Spinning Reserve - 5% .

??Beginning of 13th Plan 37,014 MW Coal & Lignite based capacity more than 27 yrs old. (5,634 MW capacity upto 100 MW unit size and 31,380 MW capacity greater than 100 MW unit t

size)

??Studies indicate 13th Plan capacity addition--1,05,060 MW (Hydro-34,500 MW, Nuclear --8,000 MW, Thermal --62,560 MW including 6000 MW gas)

??LOLP-0.18 % and ENS-0.007 %, Reliability Criteria met.

37


STRATEGIES FOR CLEAN

AND

GREEN ENVIRONMENT

4.5World

3.8China

9.9Japan

9.8U.K

16.2Australia

20.6USA

1.2India

Per capita CO2 emission in 2004 (tonnes/MWhr of CO2)Country

4.5World

3.8China

9.9Japan

9.8U.K

16.2Australia

20.6USA

1.2India

Per capita CO2 emission in 2004 (tonnes/MWhr of CO2)Country

?UNDP Human Development report 2007/08

Existing status of CO2 per capita emission – different countries

Strategies/ Initiatives for GHG

Mitigation

??Clean Coal technologies??Supercritical Technology –– 2% efficiency gain possible

??Ultra Supercritical Technology –additional efficiency 0.75% over 800 MW supercritical

??Integrated Gasification Technology – higher efficiency of 40-45%

•• Reduction in T & D losses – All India T&D losses--

28.65% in 2006--07. Aim to bring down to 15%

•• R & M of old thermal power stations – Benefits of CDM to be extended to overcome fund constraints

•• Energy Efficiency improvement

38


UNIT-WISE DETAILS OF I.C (coal +

lignite)( as on 31/3/2007)

38.638.6

38.338.3

35.6 to 35.6 to 37.0437.04

34.434.4

28.2 to 31.328.2 to 31.3

DESIGN DESIGN EFFICIENCY(%EFFICIENCY(%))

33,58033,580157157200/210200/210

4,2504,2501717250250

18,00018,0003636500500

844084407373>100 & >100 & uptoupto 199199

563456349595UptoUpto 100

Actual Actual Operating Operating Efficiency(Efficiency(%)%)

CAPACITY(MWCAPACITY(MW))

NO. OF NO. OF UNITSUNITS

UNIT SIZE UNIT SIZE IN MWIN MW

38.6

38.3

35.6 to 37.04

34.4

28.2 to 31.3

DESIGN EFFICIENCY(%))

33,580157200/210

4,25017250

18,00036500

844073>100 & upto 199

563495Upto

Actual Operating Efficiency(%)

CAPACITY(MW)

NO. OF UNITS

UNIT SIZE IN MW

UNIT--WISE DETAILS OF I.C (coal +

lignite)( as on 31/3/2007)

38.638.6

38.338.3

35.6 to 35.6 to 37.0437.04

34.434.4

28.2 to 31.328.2 to 31.3

DESIGN DESIGN EFFICIENCY(%EFFICIENCY(%))

33,58033,580157157200/210200/210

4,2504,25017250250

18,00018,0003636500500

844084407373>100 & >100 & uptoupto 199199

563456349595UptoUpto 100100

Actual Actual Operating Operating Efficiency(Efficiency(%)%)

CAPACITY(MWCAPACITY(MW))

NO. OF NO. OF UNITSUNITS

UNIT SIZE UNIT SIZE IN MWIN MW

38.6

38.3

35.6 to 37.04

34.4

28.2 to 31.3

DESIGN EFFICIENCY(%)

33,580157200/210

4,250250

18,00036500

844073>100 & upto 199

563495Upto 100

Actual Operating Efficiency(%)

CAPACITY(MW)

NO. OF UNITS

UNIT SIZE IN MW

Sub--critical units in 10th, 11th , 12th,

13th & 14th Plans

00

00

22

1414

44

125/13125/135 MW 5 MW ((nosnos))

00

00

00

66

99

200/2200/210 MW 10 MW ((nosnos))

96209620771111001010THTH PlanPlan

00

00

1212

6262

250/3250/300/3300/330 MW 0 MW ((nosnos))

18270182702020771212thth PlanPlan

00

88

4242

500 MW 500 MW

((nosnos))

000014th Plan14th Plan

40004000001313THTH Plan Plan


Total Total SubcriticaSubcritica

ll MWMW

600 600 MWMW

((nosnos))

0

0

2

14

4

125/135 MW ((nos))

0

0

0

6

9

200/210 MW ((nos))

962071101010THTH PlanPlan

0

0

12

62

250/300/330 MW ((nos))

182702071212thth PlanPlan

0

8

42

500 MW

((nos))

0014th Plan14th Plan



Total Subcritica

ll MW

600 MW

((nos))

39


Super-critical units in 10th , 11th , 12th

, 13th & 14th Plans

96209620000000962010TH Plan

71,30071,300

52,56052,560

42,900

54205420

Total

Super critical MW

00

4000

18270

4547045470

Total Sub critical

MW

61,17061,1703333252512th Plan

5252

3636

11

800 MW

((nos))

71,30071,300454514th Plan

56,56056,560363613TH Plan

50890508907711TH Plan

Total MW

660 MW

(nos)

9620000

71,300

52,560

5420

0

45470

61,1703325

52

36

1

( )

71,30045

56,56036

508907

Comparison of Sub--critical/Super critical Capacity In Various Plans (MW)

9620

45470

18270

400000

5420

42900

52560

71300

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

10th Plan 11th Plan 12th Plan 13th Plan 14th Plan

Sub-Critical Super Critical

ALL INDIA EFFICIENCY AND EMISSION RATES

??All India thermal efficiency – 32.44% (2006--07)

(coal & lignite based plants)

??Present weighted average CO2 emission rate (t CO2 /MWh) (including imports) : 0.80 (2006-07)

40


Likely Coal Based Capacity Addition & Expected Emission

19611961

15071507

11521152

722722

Co2 Co2 EmissioEmissio

nn(MT)(MT)

0.960.96

0.97

0.990.99

1.021.02

Co2 EmissioEmissio

n per n per unit of unit of

Thermal Thermal GeneratiGenerati

onon

37.337.3

36.8536.85

36.4

35.335.3

Expected Expected TherThermal mal

EfficiEfficiencyency

303595303595

231595231595

175095175095

116610116610

CumulatiCumulativeve

Coal Coal BaseBase

ddCapacityCapacity

(MW)(MW)

20332033

15421542

11641164

708708

Total Total GenerGeneration ation from from Coal Coal

Based Based PlantsPlants

(BU)(BU)

13371337

10281028

785785

492492

CoalCoalConsumptiConsumpti

onon(MT)(MT)

7200072000

5650056500

5848558485

5024050240

CoalBasedCapacit

yAdditio

nn(MW)(MW)

1821821111thth PlanPlan

471471

363363

278278

Total Ash Total Ash GeneraGenera

tiontion(MT)(MT)

1414thth PlanPlan

1313thth PlanPlan

1212thth PlanPlan

End of End of The The PlanPlan

1961

1507

1152

722

Co2 Emissio

n(MT)

0.96

0.99

1.02

Emission per

unit of Thermal Generati

on

37.3

36.85

35.3

Expected Thermal

Efficiency

303595

231595

175095

116610

Cumulative

Coal Base

dCapacity

(MW)

2033

1542

1164

708

Total Generation from Coal

Based Plants

(BU)

1337

1028

785

492

CoalConsumpti

on(MT)

72000

56500

58485

50240

y

n(MW)

18211th Plan

471

363

278

Total Ash Genera

tion(MT)

14th Plan

13th Plan

12th Plan

End of

Plan

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