Power PresentationsCHAPTER 17

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Impact of the Individual

In 1863, you have been a Civil War soldier for two years. The life of a soldier is a hard one. The food is awful. Disease is common. Worst of all is the horrible violence and death. Often you feel the urge to run away and go home.

What would inspire you to keep fighting?

• What would you be willing to sacrifice for your country? What if your country fought for something you did not believe in?

• How would the attitudes of fellow soldiers influence your decision?

To World

ImageApril 1865 Union takes Richmond.Lee surrenders at AppomattoxCourt House. Lincoln is assassinated.

November 1864 Lincoln is reelected.

March 1864 Grant is put in charge of all Union armies.

July 1863 Battle of Gettysburg takes place. Union takes Vicksburg.

January 1863 Emancipation Proclamation is issued.

Back to Home Back to U.S.

September 1865 English officials arrest Fenian leaders of planned uprising in Ireland.

September 1864 First International Workingmen’s Association is established, and Karl Marx becomes its leader.

June 1864 Archduke Maximilian becomes emperor of Mexico.

July 1863 Source of Nile River is found at Lake Victoria in present-day Uganda.

January 1863 Polish nationalists revolt against Russian rule.

Main Idea

Why It Matters Now

In 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which helped to change the war’s course.

The Emancipation Proclamation was an important step in ending slavery in the United States.

What were the responses tothe Emancipation Proclamation?

Abolitionists were glad it was issued but wished that it had gone further.

Northern Democrats were worried it would prolong the war.

Most Union soldiers welcomed it.

White Southerners were outraged.

RESPONSES TOPROCLAMATION

• What was Lincoln’s reason for not emancipating slaves when the war began?

• Why was the immediate impact of the Emancipation Proclamation limited?

• Why did black soldiers often face greater hardships than white soldiers?

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Recognizing Effects

How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the role of African Americans in the war?

Think About• how the proclamation changed military policy• the response of many Southern slaves to the

proclamation

Main Idea

Why It Matters Now

The Civil War caused social, economic, and political changes in the North and the South.

Some changes, like the growth of industry, affected Americans long after the end of the Civil War.

During the later years of the war, how were the conditions in the North and South similar? How were they different?

NORTH SOUTHBOTHCopperheads, draft riots, strong industry

food shortages, great hardship, slave resistance

dissent over war and draft laws, inflation, women’s key role, harsh prison camps

• How did the South’s principle of states’ rights undermine the Confederate war effort?

• How did the draft laws in the North and South differ?

• What conditions at prison camps caused so many to suffer behind enemy lines?

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Making Generalizations

What economic changes took place during the Civil War?

Think About• the war’s effect on prices• industry and agriculture• new economic measures begun

by the government

Main Idea

Why It Matters Now

Thanks to victories, beginning with Gettysburg and ending with Richmond, the Union survived.

If the Union had lost the war, the United States might look very different now.

What were the key events from Section 3that occurred between 1862 and 1866?

1862 Antietam; Fredericksburg

1863 Chancellorsville; Gettysburg; Vicksburg

1865 Richmond falls; surrender at Appomattox

1864 Grant named head of Union armies; Wilderness; Cold Harbor; Atlanta; Lincoln reelected; Savannah

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1862 1866

• Why was the Battle of Gettysburg important?

• Why was Northern success in theSiege of Vicksburg important?

• How did Grant treat Confederate soldiers after the surrender at Appomattox Court House?

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Contrasting

How was the Civil War different from wars that Americans had previously fought?

Think About• the role of civilians• Sherman’s military strategy

Main Idea

Why It Matters Now

The Civil War brought great changes and new challenges to the United States.

The most important change was the liberation of 4 million enslaved persons.

What was the social, economic,and political legacy of the Civil War?

SOCIETY POLITICSECONOMY• death and injury • government

expansion• disruption of lives• Thirteenth Amendment

• freeing of slaves

• cost of war

• Northern industrialization

• Southern labor system destroyed

• What were some of the humancosts of the Civil War?

• What did the Thirteenth Amendment achieve?

• What was the state of the Southern economy after the Civil War?

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Making Inferences

How do you think the assassination of President Lincoln affected the nation?

Think About• the reaction of ordinary citizens• its impact on government

REVIEW QUESTIONS

ANSWERS: READ AND TAKE NOTES

1 Why did Lincoln issue theEmancipation Proclamation?

2 How did black soldiers aid the war effort?

3 How did events on the home front show the toll that war was taking there?

4 Why did some people say the Civil War was a “rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”?

5 How did enslaved persons help the Union?

6 Why was the Battle of Gettysburg so important?

7 How did Sherman’s march help the Union?

8 How did Grant defeat Lee?

9 How was the Thirteenth Amendment different from the Emancipation Proclamation?

10 How did the war change the national economy?

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NORTH SOUTH

Comparing and Contrasting

EMANCIPATIONPROCLAMATION

WAR’S IMPACT

NORTHERN VICTORIES IN BATTLE

UNION WINSCIVIL WAR

Many people are enthusiastic; Democrats are angered

Mild inflation; new possibilities for women

Union confidence rises; Lincoln wins second term

Industrial expansion

Most whites are enraged; blacks are elated

Severe inflation; bread riots; new possibilities for women

Confederate morale sinks; bid for European recognition is lost

Enslaved persons liberated; widespread economic devastation

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