power point 13 music in the baroque part iii

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Music in the Baroque Era: Part III 1600-1750

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Music in the Baroque Era: Part III

1600-1750

The Late Baroque:-Instruments

-Development of the Concerto Grosso-Opera Seria

1700-1750

Instruments

clavichord harpsichord organ

Keyboard Instruments

• same instruments as in the Renaissance• composers often did not specify which instruments to

use• keyboard music is the largest repertory of Baroque

music for single instruments

Woodwinds• high winds used as solo instruments• low winds abandoned or limited• 1700s– sonatas, concertos– idiomatic wind parts

Flute

•held downward, used for flat keys•“flute” before 1740 usually means recorder

•held sideways, used for sharp keys•keys gradually added (at first no keys)

recorder transverse flute

Clarinet

• single reed• substituted trumpet in bad keys, (“clarino” is

Italian for trumpet)• not regular orchestral instrument until late 1700s

• timpani– traditionally bass of trumpet ensemble

• percussion parts rarely specified

Brass and Percussiontrumpet french horn trombone (sackbut)

timpani

Strings

1600s—Violin family replaces viola da gamba

• from viol family • 1700s• octave lower than viola

• g d' a' e‘• c g d' a‘

double bass cello

viola violin

Solo Sonata

Heinrich Ignaz Biber(1644-1704)

•sonata da chiesa:• church sonata

•sonata da camera:• secular sonata

•several distinct sections

•Sonata IV

Trio Sonata Concerto GrossoArcangelo Corelli

(1653-1713)

Sonata da ChiesaSonata da Camera

Biagio Marini(1594-1663)

• one soloist with continuo (2 or 3 instruments total)•separate movements

•Sonata no. 1• I. Praeludium• II. Presto• III. Variatio• IV. Finale

•two soloists with continuo (3 or 4 instruments total)

•Trio Sonata Op. 3, no. 2• I. Grave• II. Allegro• III. Adagio• IV. Allegro

•basically a trio sonata w/ extra string parts added•concertino (small group of soloists) alternates with ripieno (larger ensemble)

•Concerto Grosso, Op. VI, no. 4• I. Adagio-Allegro• II. Adagio• III. Vivace• IV. Allegro—Giga: Presto

Violin Music

•small cast:–castrati:

•primo uomo—leading man•secondo uomo

–sopranos: coloratura or lyric•prima donna--leading lady•seconda donna

–tenor: father, king, mentor•da Capo aria

–ABA form–singer embellishes second A section

•aria @ end of scene, culminates in singer’s exit•occasional duet•few large ensembles

Metastasio (1698-1782)•libretti set by many composersOpera seria

Alessandro Scarlatti (1660-1725)

•cantatas, operas, serenatas (smaller theatrical works), oratorios, masses, motets, keyboard music•opera seria– recitatives and da capo arias,

castrato, no chorus, no dance• La Griselda

•cantata– two da capo arias, each preceded

by recitative• Clori vezzosa, e bella

•appoggiatura—last 2 notes of recit phrase, if repeated notes, sing first note a step higher