power point 13 music in the baroque part iii
TRANSCRIPT
clavichord harpsichord organ
Keyboard Instruments
• same instruments as in the Renaissance• composers often did not specify which instruments to
use• keyboard music is the largest repertory of Baroque
music for single instruments
Woodwinds• high winds used as solo instruments• low winds abandoned or limited• 1700s– sonatas, concertos– idiomatic wind parts
Flute
•held downward, used for flat keys•“flute” before 1740 usually means recorder
•held sideways, used for sharp keys•keys gradually added (at first no keys)
recorder transverse flute
Oboe
•tenor oboe w/bell
oboe da cacciaoboe d’amore
•in a, used for sharp keys, used by Bach
taille
•tenor oboe
baroque oboe
•replaced shawm•used for flat keys
Bassoon
• lowest in double-reed group
• continuo instrument
contra-bassoonbassoon
Clarinet
• single reed• substituted trumpet in bad keys, (“clarino” is
Italian for trumpet)• not regular orchestral instrument until late 1700s
• timpani– traditionally bass of trumpet ensemble
• percussion parts rarely specified
Brass and Percussiontrumpet french horn trombone (sackbut)
timpani
1600s—Violin family replaces viola da gamba
• from viol family • 1700s• octave lower than viola
• g d' a' e‘• c g d' a‘
double bass cello
viola violin
Solo Sonata
Heinrich Ignaz Biber(1644-1704)
•sonata da chiesa:• church sonata
•sonata da camera:• secular sonata
•several distinct sections
•Sonata IV
Trio Sonata Concerto GrossoArcangelo Corelli
(1653-1713)
Sonata da ChiesaSonata da Camera
Biagio Marini(1594-1663)
• one soloist with continuo (2 or 3 instruments total)•separate movements
•Sonata no. 1• I. Praeludium• II. Presto• III. Variatio• IV. Finale
•two soloists with continuo (3 or 4 instruments total)
•Trio Sonata Op. 3, no. 2• I. Grave• II. Allegro• III. Adagio• IV. Allegro
•basically a trio sonata w/ extra string parts added•concertino (small group of soloists) alternates with ripieno (larger ensemble)
•Concerto Grosso, Op. VI, no. 4• I. Adagio-Allegro• II. Adagio• III. Vivace• IV. Allegro—Giga: Presto
Violin Music
•small cast:–castrati:
•primo uomo—leading man•secondo uomo
–sopranos: coloratura or lyric•prima donna--leading lady•seconda donna
–tenor: father, king, mentor•da Capo aria
–ABA form–singer embellishes second A section
•aria @ end of scene, culminates in singer’s exit•occasional duet•few large ensembles
Metastasio (1698-1782)•libretti set by many composersOpera seria
Alessandro Scarlatti (1660-1725)
•cantatas, operas, serenatas (smaller theatrical works), oratorios, masses, motets, keyboard music•opera seria– recitatives and da capo arias,
castrato, no chorus, no dance• La Griselda
•cantata– two da capo arias, each preceded
by recitative• Clori vezzosa, e bella
•appoggiatura—last 2 notes of recit phrase, if repeated notes, sing first note a step higher