Power plants and

processes

EEN-E1010, L4.

Principles of thermodynamic

cycles & their components

Mohamed Magdeldin(Magd)

24.09.2019

Today’s program12:15 Introduction

12:30 Quiz #1

12:50 Principles of thermodynamic power cycles.

13:10-13:15 Break

13:40 Tasks for next week and feedback.

Communication

• All course-related communication should be directed

via mohamed.magd@aalto.fi, add Mika as cc in the

emails.

• I will be available for more direct assistance on any

course-related issues on Fridays 9-12. Please inform

by email beforehand.

• Mika will be available before and after the lectures.

Office address: Sähkömiehentie 4J, Room 303 (Magd).

Course material• Course book is ”Advanced energy

systems” book. We have 100+ copies

in our library for everyone to borrow.

Contact Majid to get your copy.

• Mika uses blackboard, you should

make notes, please get a nice note

book. Many useful examples are

treated, help for (e.g.) lab work

• Some slide presentations and copied

material are handed out.

Learning objectives

• Understand thermodynamic principles behind a

Rankine steam power plant, it’s main components

and their functionality.

• Construct energy balances for all components: pump,

boiler, turbine and condenser separately, and then

for the overall plant to analyze the thermal efficiency.

Introduction

Lesson 1 (10.9): Introduction to electricity and power

production.

Lesson 2 (13.9.): Definition of enthalpy by derivation of

energy equation. Thermodynamic charts.

Lesson 3 (17.9): Control volume analysis of energy and

mass balances. Demos

Lesson 4 (24.9.): Principles of thermodynamic power

cycles.

Rankine cycle

Lesson 5 (1.10.): Solids Fuels and Biomass Properties & application in power plants.

Lesson 6 (8.10.): Design principles of steam boilers.

Thermodynamic considerations.

Lesson 7 (15.10): Design principles of steam boilers.

Dimensioning principles.

Lesson 8 (29.10): Improvement options for steam

turbine power plants.

Lesson 9 (5.11): Combined heat and power production.

MotivationFirst steam engine was invented by Watt in 1769.

First public utility power plant was commissioned in 1882.

How much of Today’s electricity production comes from Rankine

driven power plants?

Finland

in 2018

Thermodynamic cycles

Pressure-Volume Temperature-Entropy

QW

Isochoric v const.

Isobaric p const.

Isothermal T const.

Isentropic s const.

Ideal Rankine cycle

Pump

q25q61

w56

w12

IsobaricIsobaric

Superheater

Condenser

Steam Turbine

Boiler

6

5

4

3

2 1

Isentropic

Isentropic G

Real cycles

Real cycles are irreversible!

2nd law of thermodynamics

Carnot Theorem states that No heat engine operating between

two reservoirs can be more efficient than a Carnot engine

operating between those same reservoirs.

Water as a working fluid

H-S and T-S diagrams show water properties

at any given state and transformations steps.

550C

100 bar

0.1 bar

G

1

1

6

5

4

3

2

6s

5

43

2

6

Δh65s

6s

5

4

6

Δh65

550C

100 bar

0.1 bar

G

1

6

5

4

3

2

Tasks for the Lecture 6

• Mika is back! He will work with you on biomass and

solid fuels combustion calculations.

• Check the Steam boiler e-book at:

http://www.energy.kth.se/compedu/webcompedu/Manual

Copy/Steam_Boiler_Technology/index.htm