power over ethernet (poe) technical overview · power over ethernet (poe) technical overview 2...

Power Over Ethernet (PoE) Technical Overview

January 9, 2019 Lester S. Shen, Ph.D. CENTER FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT This project is supported in part by: A grant from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under the Award Number EE0008191. A grant from the Minnesota Department of Commerce, Division of Energy Resources through the Conservation Applied Research and Development (CARD) program.


ContentsPower Over Ethernet (PoE) Technical Overview ........................................................................................................ 1

PoE basics ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Ethernet cables .............................................................................................................................................................. 2PoE Standards ............................................................................................................................................................... 2LANs and Low Voltage DC ........................................................................................................................................ 4

Current State of the Art ............................................................................................................................................... 4Appendix A. PoE Equipment Manufacturers ............................................................................................................ 12

UPoE Network Switches ........................................................................................................................................... 12LED Lighting .............................................................................................................................................................. 12HVAC Controllers ..................................................................................................................................................... 13Zero Clients/Thin Clients/Desktop Computers/Displays ................................................................................. 13Window Shades and Controls .................................................................................................................................. 14Ceiling Fans ................................................................................................................................................................ 14People Counting ......................................................................................................................................................... 14Access Control ............................................................................................................................................................ 15

Biometric Access Control .......................................................................................................................................... 15Temperature Sensors ................................................................................................................................................. 15Sensor Hubs ................................................................................................................................................................ 16Clocks ........................................................................................................................................................................... 16Cameras ....................................................................................................................................................................... 16Speakers/Paging/Intercomms ................................................................................................................................ 17


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PowerOverEthernet(PoE)TechnicalOverview

POEBASICSPower over Ethernet (PoE) is a way to provide low voltage direct current (DC) electricity to power devices connected to the local area network (LAN) through Ethernet cables. When discussing PoE, the discussion needs to start with the on-site data center and the LAN. The on-site data center is the hub of the information network of the space, with all workstations, office equipment (printers, copiers, and fax machines), wi-fi access points, and voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phones connected to it and each other through the LAN. Figure 1 shows how the basic components of small embedded data centers (SEDCs) are connected and powered.

Figure 1. Flow of Electricity in SEDCs to PoE Devices

With regard to PoE, the important devices in the SEDC are the network switches which provide the direct connection to the IT and telecommunications equipment distributed throughout the office. Switches that can support PoE convert the AC power provided to them to low-voltage DC power, following the NEC class 2 standard of 48V DC. Both data and power are provided through the Ethernet cables, running from the ports of the network switches to the PoE devices around the office. Network switches can be described as the power sourcing equipment (PSE) and the PoE devices like VoIP phones and Wi-Fi access points are described as the powered


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devices (PD). For non-PoE switches, a midspan power supply known as a PoE power injector can be used to serve as the PSE. These are connected to an external power supply (AC line voltage). PoE splitters are also available which split the data and power from PoE cabling and can be used to power non-PoE devices that don’t have access to AC outlets. PoE injectors and splitters are inexpensive alternatives to upgrade legacy equipment. However, when the PoE devices are connected by centrally distributed cabling from the data center, they will typically be backed by the UPS.

ETHERNETCABLESThe cables that physically connect the network switch to the devices on the LAN follow standards set by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) based on performance level regarding signal bandwidth, attenuation and crosstalk and defined by Category. Category cable, also known as Cat cable, are unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables and for Ethernet applications, Cat cable with eight wires arranged as four twisted pairs are used. Depending on data transmission rate, two of the twisted pairs are typically dedicated to data transmission with the two remaining pairs as spares. To power PoE devices, the two spare twisted pairs are used to conduct low-voltage DC to the PDs; although when PDs are powered with higher wattages, all four twisted pairs are used for PoE. Cat5e cables can be used for 10Base-T, 100Base-TX (Fast Ethernet), and 1000Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet) networks while Cat6a cables would be used for the higher data transmission rates of 1000Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet) and 10GBase-T (10-Gigabit Ethernet) networks. For PoE, these cables are recommended for their ability to deliver power without generating excessive heat. The maximum length recommended for PoE is 100m (328’); otherwise, a PoE extender is recommended for longer runs.

POESTANDARDSPoE was launched in 2000, PoE+ in 2008, and UPoE in 2011. Over the years, IEEE has ratified standards for each of these three types of PoE. A fourth standard, Higher-power PoE, is currently under consideration. Each standard defines the maximum power available from the PSE to network-enabled devices. Table 1 allows comparison of the four different standards.

Table 1. Comparison of PoE Standards

PoE PoE+ UPoE,

PoE++, or 4P PoE

Higher-power PoE

IEEE Standard version

802.3af (802.3at Type 1)

802.3at Type 2 802.3bt Type 3 802.3bt Type 4

Ratified 2003 2009 2017 pending

Maximum power

from PSE 15.4W 30 W 60 W 100 W


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Power available at PD 12.95 W 25.50 W 51 W 71 W

Voltage range (at PSE)

44.0–57.0 V 50.0–57.0 V 50.0–57.0 V 52.0–57.0 V

Voltage range (at PSE)

37.0–57.0 V 42.5–57.0 V 42.5–57.0 V 42.1–57.0 V

Twisted pairs used 2 2 4 4

Supported cabling

Cat3 and Cat5 Cat5 Minimum Cat5e Recommended

Cat6

When the PD is connected to the PSE, it presents a load to the cable and draws a fixed level of power. PoE and PoE+ are the typical types of PoE network switches currently found in SEDCs. Typical PDs for PoE+ include VoIP telephones, access points, security cameras, remote computer terminals/thin clients, and HVAC controllers. IEEE has defined nine PD power classifications. Table 2 shows these classifications.

Table 2. PD Power Classifications

Class PD Power Minimum PSE Power PoE Type Example PDs

0 0.44 - 12.95 W 15.4 W PoE

1 0.44 - 3.84 W 4 W PoE VoIP phones

2 3.84 - 6.49 W 7 W PoE VoIP cameras, Zero/thin clients

3 6.49 - 12.95 W 15.4 W PoE Wireless access

points, sensors/meters

4 25.5 W 30 W PoE+

Biometric sensors, tilt/pan/zoom cameras, LCD

displays, HVAC controllers

5 40 W 45 W UPoE

6 51 W 60 W UPoE

LED lighting, all-in-one

computers/thin clients, video conferencing


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equipment, smart building devices

7 62 W 75 W Higher Power PoE

8 71.3 W 90-100 W Higher Power PoE Laptops, TVs, LED bay lighting

LANSANDLOWVOLTAGEDCSince PoE is part of the LAN, its operation and management falls under the auspices of IT services. Typically, low voltage electrical contractors work with the IT staff to setup the network infrastructure by running Ethernet cables from the SEDCs to the connected devices throughout the space. As opposed to line voltage wiring, conduit is normally not required for Ethernet cable. This permits flexibility in managing the network. Once the network is initially setup, IT staff maintain the network, connecting and disconnecting networked equipment as needed and pulling additional cable as required. As they would with other IT services, IT staff will oversee and maintain the data and power that is transmitted through each port of the network switches. They perform operations on the network using system dashboards that allow them to define the specific settings for each networked devices and schedule services. For instance, IT staff manages the VoIP phone systems and networked office equipment. They even have energy management responsibilities since they can implement desktop computer power management (CPM) remotely through the network to each connected workstation and monitor. As more building systems become networked, IT and facilities staffs will need to become more and more coordinated.

CURRENTSTATEOFTHEARTIn 2011 the variety of devices that could be powered by PoE was greatly increased when Cisco Systems introduced Universal Power over Ethernet (UPOE), providing 60 W of power per port. A benefit from having both data and power provided by the Ethernet cable, sensors could also be incorporated with the powered devices. The advent of UPoE brought the introduction of PoE LED fixtures with occupancy and photometric sensors. Lighting control and management could be performed on a fixture by fixture basis as each lamp was powered by its on connected port on the network. The higher power provided by the UPoE PSE increased the variety and combination of low-voltage PDs that could be added to the network and integrated into the system, such as controllers, actuators, relays, fans, and motors.

Along with researching PoE devices and systems currently available on the market, a Request for Information (RFI) was sent out to manufacturers and trade channels to assess the energy efficiency opportunities that are provided by PoE. The RFI is provided as Appendix A of this document. The following discussion summarizes the results of the research and RFI.

Network Switches - PoE and PoE+ network switches are widely available on the market today and commonly used in network closets and embedded data centers for IT and


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telecommunications practices in businesses. More recently UPoE switches have been introduced to the market and are becoming more widely available; UPoE switches are now offered by manufacturers such as Cisco, Versa Technology, Netgear, among others. They range from 8 to 24 and 48 port switches that can be rack mounted and deployed in SEDCs. As more UPoE-compatible low voltage devices are adopted (with power loads > 30W), the demand for these switches will increase.

Cisco offers an 8 port UPoE switch that is plenum-rated and can be deployed in the ceiling of the space where the PDs such as lighting fixtures are located. This allows for the PoE Switch to be removed from a centralized SEDC and placed locally in distributed zones of PoE devices.

Figure 3. Cisco Catalyst CDB-8U Switch

Panduit has identified the advantages and disadvantages of both centralized and distributed PoE switch zone cabling.1

Table 3. Centralized PoE Switch Zone Cabling Advantages and Disadvantages2

Centralized Advantages Centralized Disadvantages

Uses existing power infrastructure Requires more cabling

Centralizes active equipment Distance limitations from data closet to 100 m

or less

Easier to perform maintenance on equipment in data closet

Larger PoE switches are generally less cost-effective

1 Panduit whitepaper, PoE Lighting Benefits and Design Considerations, 2015. https://www.panduit.com/content/dam/panduit/en/support/white-pages/PanduitWhitepaperPoELighting.pdf 2 Ibid.


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Table 4. Distributed PoE Switch Zone Cabling Advantages and Disadvantages3

Distributed Advantages Distributed Disadvantages

Required less cabling More difficult to perform maintenance on equipment in ceiling box/zone enclosure

Distance is less of a limitation Decentralizes active equipment

Smaller PoE switches are generally more cost-effective

New power infrastructure needs to be run into the ceiling

In addition to the higher powered network switches, PoE injectors are available to upgrade legacy switches to be compatible with the higher PoE standards. These can be installed in the SEDC with the legacy network switches or anywhere in the cable run between the switch and the PD where an outlet is also accessible. Switch manufacturers like Cisco, HP, Microsemi, Ubiquiti, and Belden also manufacture PoE injectors. PoE splitters provide the opportunity to power low voltage DC devices using PoE cables and the higher PoE standards increase the number of DC devices that can be powered. Figure 2 shows examples of a PoE injector and splitter.

Figure 2. PoE Injector and Splitter

a. PoE Injector b. PoE Splitter

3 Ibid.


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Lighting - The combination of the UPoE standard and the ability of many LED light lamps to be powered by 60W low-voltage DC has led to the increased interest in PoE in commercial buildings. Lighting manufacturers offer PoE LED fixtures that include 2x2 and 2x4 troffers, 4’ linear lights, downlights, and pendant lights. These are often the same fixture frames that are available as the standard line voltage LED models. These include lighting manufacturers such as Philips, Cree, GENISYS, HE Williams, Eaton, Hubbell, MHT Lighting, and others. As the power in PoE systems increases to 100W, more and more of the LED lamp catalog will become available to PoE including high bay and exterior flood lights.

PoE lighting systems can fall into one of two categories: directly-attached architectures and node-attached architectures.4 In directly-attached architectures, the PoE lighting units, switches, and other accessories are each attached to their on PoE port on the switch. For instance, an eight port PoE switch would accommodate seven PoE lights and one wall switch for the directly-attached architecture. Philips and Cree systems are examples of this architecture. Occupancy and photometric sensors are integrated into the lighting unit. The node-centric architecture has an intermediary node that connects the PoE port to the lights and other accessories. GENISYS Intellidrive5, NuLEDs SPICEbox6, and Igor Nexos7 are examples of systems that utilize this architecture. In this architecture, the node can connect to multiple devices such as luminaires, sensors, controls, and other accessories. This also allows luminaires to be daisy chained and in some cases, nodes can even be daisy chained. The node approach can allow some system customization since the node can also be wired to power or control other devices such as motors, actuators, and relays. NuLEDs for example have used their node to power window actuators and ceiling fans in a warehouse.8 Their SPICEbox is capable of powering and controlling all the ceiling fan models available from Big Ass Fans.9 For both architectures, the lighting systems are controlled using proprietary software installed on a server within the LAN or by a cloud-based platform. The software may also share information and operate with other systems using APIs and BACnet. Figure 3 shows schematics comparing the two lighting system architectures.

4 Ibid. 5 https://www.genisyslighting.com/intellidrive.html 6 https://www.nuleds.com/spicebox/ 7 https://www.igor-tech.com/news-and-insights/news/igor-launches-nexos 8 https://www.nuleds.com/the-next-wave-nuleds-aims-to-make-buildings-smarter-and-seamlessly-connected-with-its-poe-lighting-systems/ 9 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVGStu5LeUY


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Figure 3. PoE Lighting System Architectures10

a. Directly-attached architecture

b. Directly-attached architecture example: Cree 2x2 troffer

c. Directly-attached architecture

10 Panduit, op. cit.


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d. Node-centric architecture example: GENISYS Intellidrive

HVAC Control - Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is an important building system that determines the overall comfort in a building and represents a significant proportion of a building's energy use. Both Delta Controls11 and Distech Controls12 offer PoE HVAC controllers that bring IP-connectivity and power through a single Ethernet cable. In some cases, these controllers can offer isolated HVAC equipment to be integrated into a BAS or EMIS where previously only thermostatic control was employed.

Computer Workstations - PoE computer equipment is also commercially available. 10ZiG Technology13 offers a range of PoE zero and thin clients while ThinLabs14 offer lines of PoE thin clients and all-in-one single and dual monitor computers. The power loads of the PoE zero and thin clients are less than 12 W with 10ZiG claiming an average power consumption of 3.4 W for their zero and thin clients. These devices can be run on PoE switches. The desktop computers offered by Thinlabs are all-in-one (AiO) computers which means that they also include either a single or dual monitors (supporting 19”, 22”, or 24” monitors. The single monitor AiO desktop computer can be powered by either PoE+ (<30 W) or UPoE (<60W) depending on the monitor size. The dual monitor AiO computer should be powered by a UPoE switch (<60W).

11 https://www.deltacontrols.com/products/hvac-controls/ethernet-poe/power-over-ethernet-controllers-dxc-poe 12 http://www.distech-controls.com/en/us/products/eclypse/connected-controller-series/related-products/connected-vav-controller/ 13 https://www.10zig.com/ 14 https://thinlabs.com/


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Figure 4. PoE Workstations

c. 10Zig Thin Client d. Thinlabs All-in-One Quad Core Computer

Low Voltage DC Devices - With the use of PoE splitters or through a node-centric architecture, the low voltage DC current provided by PoE can be used to power any low voltage DC device that falls within the power available from the particular PoE network port it is connected to (up to 100 W with the new PoE standard). Many electrical appliances operate internally on DC power. These can be easily converted to DC power by replacing the AC-DC transformer (e.g. wall wart) with a direct DC connection. Examples include laptops, cell phones, battery chargers, AV equipment, or any device that uses a USB cable for power. A growing number of appliances are operated with variable speed-capable DC motors (fans, pumps, compressors, and traction systems). Relays operated with low voltage DC can be used as a switch to control AC outlets and power strips. DC appliances are also available from suppliers to the off-grid and recreational vehicle markets. Some of this equipment may be compatible with the low voltage DC power offered by PoE. Extending PoE to these loads would require some customization since the equipment is not off-the-shelf PoE-ready but the potential for greater DC-power adoption in commercial and residential settings is growing. The use of PoE switches allows a level of control and management for these devices and the use of low voltage DC can offer efficiency and installation benefits.

Cisco Digital Building Solution - The Cisco Digital Building Solution15 have recruited a partner community that supports PoE technologies that can be deployed in commercial buildings. The digital building is defined by networking, lighting, building automation, enablers (the components and infrastructure needed to merge separate building networks into one IP platform), and necessary software applications. These Digital Building Solution partners include:

● Cree ● Intelligent Buildings ● Platformatics

15 https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/workforce-experience/digital-building/index.html


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● Delta Controls ● DGLogik ● Eaton ● Ellipz Lighting ● EllisDon ● Igor ● Innovative Lighting

● Johnson Controls ● Legrand ● Microchip ● Molex ● NuLEDs ● Orion Energy Systems ● Philips Lighting

● PointGrab ● Rifiniti ● The Siemon Company ● Superior Essex ● Vertiv ● Wipro Lighting

Interoperability and Integration - Connectivity and the Internet of Things is still in it developmental stages with manufacturers developing technologies and the promise of intelligent buildings still on the horizon. Currently, the end use equipment is still somewhat siloed. Most of the equipment manufacturers provide the ability of their equipment to communicate via APIs and/or BACnet. However, the ability to communicate with other devices and systems is reliant on the end-user community to customize this software to meet their individual needs and provide the functionality and interoperability that they desire.

Looking Forward - PoE very much represents a source of emerging technologies and systems. New PoE standards are allowing more and more types of equipment and appliances to be introduced to the market. Storage batteries and DC microgrids could also promote the use of DC in buildings, leading to even more technological advancement as well as creating greater demand for these systems as communities look to increase their resiliency. We can expect this market to continually bring more offerings and advancements that include access control, sensors, cameras, alarms, speakers, and displays. Appendix A provides a representative list of current PoE equipment manufacturers.


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AppendixA.PoEEquipmentManufacturers

UPOENETWORKSWITCHES

Cisco https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/enterprise-networks/upoe/index.html

L-com http://www.l-com.com/power-over-ethernet-8-port-gigabit-60w-ultra-poe-managed-injector-hub-400w

Leviton https://www.leviton.com/en/products/commercial/networking/copper-systems/power-over-ethernet

Linear Technology

http://www.linear.com/products/power-over-ethernet_(poe)_interface_controllers http://www.linear.com/products/poe_powered_device_(pd)

Microsemi https://www.microsemi.com/

NetGear https://www.netgear.com/business/products/switches/managed/m6100.aspx#tab-features

NuLEDS http://www.nuleds.com/

NVT Phybridge http://www.nvtphybridge.com/portfolio-item/flex/

Planet Technology https://planetechusa.com/?s=upoe

TRENDnet http://www.trendnet.com/products/proddetail?prod=165_TI-UPG62

Versatek https://www.versatek.com/product/vx-gpu2626-l2-24-port-managed-gbe-upoe-switch/

Vivotek http://www.vivotek.com/

LEDLIGHTING

Acuity https://www.acuitybrands.com/products/lighting/featured-technology/low-voltage

Cree http://www2.cree.com/smartcast-landing-page

Eaton http://www.cooperindustries.com/content/public/en/lighting.html?file=

Ellipz Lighting https://www.ellipzlighting.com/


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HE Williams https://www.hew.com/search?q=poe

Hubbell https://www.hubbell.com/hubbelllightingci/en/search/?text=poe

Igor https://www.igor-tech.com/technology/intelligent-lighting-control

Innovative Lighting http://www.innovativelight.com/commercial-industrial-led-lighting/poe-led-lighting/

JTH Lighting Alliance https://www.jthlighting.com/

LumenCache http://lumencache.lighting/

Lunera https://www.lunera.com/

MHT Lighting https://mhtlighting.com/wdpr/poe-lighting-system-inspextor/

Molex http://www.molex.com/molex/news/display_news.jsp?channel=New&channelId=-8&oid=2036

Ubiquiti https://store.ubnt.com/products/unifi-led-panel

NuLEDs http://www.nuleds.com/

Orion Lighting http://www.orionlighting.com/

Philips http://www.usa.lighting.philips.com/systems/connected-lighting-for-offices

Platformatics https://www.platformatics.com/

HVACCONTROLLERS

Delta Controls https://www.deltacontrols.com/products/hvac-controls/ethernet-poe

Distech

http://www.distech-controls.com/en/me/products/eclypse/connected-controller-series/related-products/connected-vav-controller/

ZEROCLIENTS/THINCLIENTS/DESKTOPCOMPUTERS/DISPLAYS

Thinlabs https://thinlabs.com/products/poe-computers-thin-


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clients

10ZiG https://www.10zig.com/thin_clients/Citrix

AIS Pro http://www.aispro.com/

WINDOWSHADESANDCONTROLS

Somfy https://www.somfysystems.com/

Molex https://www.molex.com/molex/products/group?key=aeromotive174_mobile_electrification&channel=PRODUCTS

RollerTrol https://rollertrol.com/actuator-for-vent-control-or-window-opener

CEILINGFANS

Haiku by Big Ass Fans https://www.haikuhome.com/ceiling-fans

PEOPLECOUNTING

Axis https://www.axis.com/dk/en/solutions-by-application/people-counting

Axper http://axper.com/people_counter/

Brickstream http://www.brickstream.com/

CountBox https://countbox.us/retail-sensors/

Density.io http://density.io

Irisys http://www.peoplecounting.co.uk/products/counters/thermal-counters

Ivani https://www.ivani.com/

Optex http://www.ot-inc.com/product_pages/vc1020.htm

Sensource http://www.sensourceinc.com/PC-VID2.htm

Trafsys http://www.trafsys.com/traf-sys-gazelle-people-counter/

Vcount http://v-count.com/products/v-count-3d-alpha/

Vivotek http://www.vivotek.com/sc8131/#views:view=jplist-grid-view


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ACCESSCONTROL

Assa Abloy http://www.assaabloy.com/en/com/solutions/products/

Borer http://www.borer.co.uk

Cisco http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/physical-security/physical-access-gateways/index.html

Genetec https://www.genetec.com/Documents/EN/Products/EN-Genetec-Corbin-Russwin-Access-800-IP1-Specifications-Sheet.pdf

Hartmann Controls http://www.hartmann-controls.com/

HID Global https://www.hidglobal.com/products/controllers

Honeywell https://www.honeywellaccess.com/documents/L_NXS123D_D.pdf

Kintronics https://kintronics.com/solutions/ip-door-access-control/

BIOMETRICACCESSCONTROL

Allgovision http://www.allgovision.com/face-recognition.php

Idteck http://www.idteck.com/en/

FST Biometrics http://fstbm.com/

Herta http://www.hertasecurity.com/en/node/13

Suprema https://www.supremainc.com/en/product-categories/access-control-and-time-attendance

Westinghouse http://www.westinghousesecurity.com/locks-rteon-poe-124/

TEMPERATURESENSORS

AKCP http://www.akcp.com/products/sensorprobe-series/sensorprobe2/

Comet System http://www.cometsystem.com/en/search.php?sw=poe

ControlbyWeb http://www.controlbyweb.com/temperature/?gclid=CNG6j8DEudICFZOIswodyLcJLQ

Sensormetrix http://www.sensormetrix.co.uk/_f_91.php


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SENSORHUBS

Avtech http://avtech.com/Products/AVTECH_Environment_Temperature_Monitor_Model_Compare.htm

relayr https://relayr.io/gcp-kickstarter-sme/

SRO http://www.server-rack-online.com/enviromux-micro-trhp.html

CLOCKS

Valcom http://www.valcom.com/clock2013/ip_clocks.htm

American Time http://www.american-time.com/products-by-family/ip-network-clocks/poe-power-over-ethernet-network-clocks

BRG Precision http://www.brgprecision.com/products/synchronized_clocks/poeclocks.php

Inova Solutions https://www.inovasolutions.com/network-clocks/products

Pyramid https://www.pyramidtimesystems.com/Products/Synchronized_Wireless_Clocks/Power_Over_Ethernet_Synchronized_Clocks/

Simplex Time http://www.simplextime.com.au/product/digital-poe-clocks

Spectracom https://spectracom.com/sites/default/files/document-files/ip_poe_synchronized_clocks.pdf

Telecor http://www.telecor.com/clocks_poe.php

Tyco/Simplex Grinnell http://www.simplexgrinnellstore.com/time-solutions/wall-clocks/digital-wall-clocks/

VoIP Supply http://www.voipsupply.com/paging/ip-clocks?

Wharton https://www.wharton.co.uk/ip-clocks/poe-clocks.htm

CAMERAS

Axis https://www.axis.com/dk/en/products/network-cameras

Baumer

http://www.baumer.com/us-en/products/identification-image-processing/industrial-cameras/tx-series/tx-series-poe/


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Bosch http://us.boschsecurity.com/en/products/ip-cameras-product-selector_13#section_10164917899

Brickhouse http://www.brickhousesecurity.com/category/video+surveillance+security+cameras/business+surveillance+cameras.do

FLIR http://www.flir.com/security/content/?id=67507

Honeywell https://www.honeywellvideo.com/products/video-systems/cameras/ip/index.html

Kintronics https://kintronics.com/solutions/ip-camera-systems/

Panasonic http://security.panasonic.com/products/category/network_camera/

Pelco https://www.pelco.com/video-surveillance-camera-security-systems

Sony http://us.professional.sony.com/pro/products/videosecurity

Tyco https://www.tycois.com/solutions-by-need/protect-my-business/video-surveillance/video-cameras

Vivotek http://www.vivotek.com/

SPEAKERS/PAGING/INTERCOMMS

BRG Precision http://www.brgwireless.com/products/wireless_indoor_speakers/index.php

Chomkola https://www.chomkola.com/ip-poe-paging-intercoms/

Cyberdata https://www.cyberdata.net/collections/voip

Valcom http://www.valcom.com/speaker_product/ip_speakers.htm

VoIP Supply http://www.voipsupply.com/paging/speakers