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CONTENTS Appendix: Dual Optimization on a Nonconvex Problem Problems Further Reading Generation with Limited Energy Supply 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Take-or-Pay Fuel Supply Contract 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Appendix: Linear Programming Problems Further Reading Composite Generation Production Cost Function Solution by Gradient Search Techniques Hard Limits and Slack Variables Fuel Scheduling by Linear Programming 7 Hydrothermal Coordinati on 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 Introduction 7.1.1 Long-Range Hydro-Scheduling 7.1.2 Short-Range Hydro-Scheduling Hydroelectric Plant Models Scheduling Problems 7.3.1 Types of Scheduling Problems 7.3.2 Scheduling Energy The Short-Term Hydrothermal Scheduling Problem Short-Term Hyrdo-Scheduling: A Gradient Approach Hydro-Units in Series Hydraulically Coupled) Pumped-Storage Hydroplants 7.7.1 7.7.2 Dynamic-Programming Solution to the Hydrothermal Scheduling Problem 7.8.1 Extension to Other Cases 7.8.2 Dynamic-Programming Solution to Multiple Hydro-Scheduling Using Linear Programming Pumped-Storage Hydro-Scheduling with a A y Iteration Pumped-Storage Scheduling by a Gradient Method Hydroplant Problem Appendix: Hydro-Scheduling with Storage Limitations Problems Further Reading 8 Production Cost Models 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Uses and Types o Production Cost Programs v 160 166 169 7 171 172 176 181 185 187 195 204 207 2 9 209 210 21 1 21 1 214 214 214 218 223 228 230 23 234 240 246 248 250 253 256 262 264 264 267

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  • CONTENTS

    Appendix: Dual Optimization on a Nonconvex Problem Problems Further Reading

    6 Generation with Limited Energy Supply

    6.1 Introduction 6.2 Take-or-Pay Fuel Supply Contract 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Appendix: Linear Programming Problems Further Reading

    Composite Generation Production Cost Function Solution by Gradient Search Techniques Hard Limits and Slack Variables Fuel Scheduling by Linear Programming

    7 Hydrothermal Coordination

    7.1

    7.2 7.3

    7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7

    7.8

    7.9

    Introduction 7.1.1 Long-Range Hydro-Scheduling 7.1.2 Short-Range Hydro-Scheduling Hydroelectric Plant Models Scheduling Problems 7.3.1 Types of Scheduling Problems 7.3.2 Scheduling Energy The Short-Term Hydrothermal Scheduling Problem Short-Term Hyrdo-Scheduling: A Gradient Approach Hydro-Units in Series (Hydraulically Coupled) Pumped-Storage Hydroplants 7.7.1

    7.7.2 Dynamic-Programming Solution to the Hydrothermal Scheduling Problem 7.8.1 Extension to Other Cases 7.8.2 Dynamic-Programming Solution to Multiple

    Hydro-Scheduling Using Linear Programming

    Pumped-Storage Hydro-Scheduling with a A-y Iteration Pumped-Storage Scheduling by a Gradient Method

    Hydroplant Problem

    Appendix: Hydro-Scheduling with Storage Limitations Problems Further Reading

    8 Production Cost Models

    8.1 Introduction 8.2 Uses and Types of Production Cost Programs

    vii

    160 166 169

    171

    171 172 176 181 185 187 195 204 207

    209

    209 210 21 1 21 1 214 214 214 218 223 228 230

    23 1 234

    240 246

    248 250 253 256 262

    264

    264 267

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